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2017-09-01ANDROID: binder: don't queue async transactions to thread.Martijn Coenen1-3/+5
This can cause issues with processes using the poll() interface: 1) client sends two oneway transactions 2) the second one gets queued on async_todo (because the server didn't handle the first one yet) 3) server returns from poll(), picks up the first transaction and does transaction work 4) server is done with the transaction, sends BC_FREE_BUFFER, and the second transaction gets moved to thread->todo 5) libbinder's handlePolledCommands() only handles the commands in the current data buffer, so doesn't see the new transaction 6) the server continues running and issues a new outgoing transaction. Now, it suddenly finds the incoming oneway transaction on its thread todo, and returns that to userspace. 7) userspace does not expect this to happen; it may be holding a lock while making the outgoing transaction, and if handling the incoming trasnaction requires taking the same lock, userspace will deadlock. By queueing the async transaction to the proc workqueue, we make sure it's only picked up when a thread is ready for proc work. Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-01ANDROID: binder: don't enqueue death notifications to thread todo.Martijn Coenen1-16/+6
This allows userspace to request death notifications without having to worry about getting an immediate callback on the same thread; one scenario where this would be problematic is if the death recipient handler grabs a lock that was already taken earlier (eg as part of a nested transaction). Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-01ANDROID: binder: Don't BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked()).Martijn Coenen1-16/+10
Because is_spin_locked() always returns false on UP systems. Use assert_spin_locked() instead, and remove the WARN_ON() instances, since those were easy to verify. Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-01ANDROID: binder: Add BINDER_GET_NODE_DEBUG_INFO ioctlColin Cross1-0/+43
The BINDER_GET_NODE_DEBUG_INFO ioctl will return debug info on a node. Each successive call reusing the previous return value will return the next node. The data will be used by libmemunreachable to mark the pointers with kernel references as reachable. Signed-off-by: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com> Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-01ANDROID: binder: push new transactions to waiting threads.Martijn Coenen1-54/+127
Instead of pushing new transactions to the process waitqueue, select a thread that is waiting on proc work to handle the transaction. This will make it easier to improve priority inheritance in future patches, by setting the priority before we wake up a thread. If we can't find a waiting thread, submit the work to the proc waitqueue instead as we did previously. Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-01ANDROID: binder: remove proc waitqueueMartijn Coenen1-74/+181
Removes the process waitqueue, so that threads can only wait on the thread waitqueue. Whenever there is process work to do, pick a thread and wake it up. Having the caller pick a thread is helpful for things like priority inheritance. This also fixes an issue with using epoll(), since we no longer have to block on different waitqueues. Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-01android: binder: Add page usage in binder statsSherry Yang3-0/+32
Add the number of active, lru, and free pages for each binder process in binder stats Signed-off-by: Sherry Yang <sherryy@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-01android: binder: fixup crash introduced by moving buffer hdrSherry Yang1-1/+1
Fix crash introduced by 74310e06be4d74dcf67cd108366710dee5c576d5 (android: binder: Move buffer out of area shared with user space) when close is called after open without mmap in between. Reported-by: kernel test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Fixes: 74310e06be4d ("android: binder: Move buffer out of area shared with user space") Signed-off-by: Sherry Yang <sherryy@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-28android: binder: Add shrinker tracepointsSherry Yang2-2/+80
Add tracepoints in binder transaction allocator to record lru hits and alloc/free page. Signed-off-by: Sherry Yang <sherryy@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-28android: binder: Add global lru shrinker to binderSherry Yang4-40/+225
Hold on to the pages allocated and mapped for transaction buffers until the system is under memory pressure. When that happens, use linux shrinker to free pages. Without using shrinker, patch "android: binder: Move buffer out of area shared with user space" will cause a significant slow down for small transactions that fit into the first page because free list buffer header used to be inlined with buffer data. In addition to prevent the performance regression for small transactions, this patch improves the performance for transactions that take up more than one page. Modify alloc selftest to work with the shrinker change. Test: Run memory intensive applications (Chrome and Camera) to trigger shrinker callbacks. Binder frees memory as expected. Test: Run binderThroughputTest with high memory pressure option enabled. Signed-off-by: Sherry Yang <sherryy@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-28android: binder: Move buffer out of area shared with user spaceSherry Yang3-67/+90
Binder driver allocates buffer meta data in a region that is mapped in user space. These meta data contain pointers in the kernel. This patch allocates buffer meta data on the kernel heap that is not mapped in user space, and uses a pointer to refer to the data mapped. Signed-off-by: Sherry Yang <sherryy@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-28android: binder: Add allocator selftestSherry Yang5-0/+289
binder_alloc_selftest tests that alloc_new_buf handles page allocation and deallocation properly when allocate and free buffers. The test allocates 5 buffers of various sizes to cover all possible page alignment cases, and frees the buffers using a list of exhaustive freeing order. Test: boot the device with ANDROID_BINDER_IPC_SELFTEST config option enabled. Allocator selftest passes. Signed-off-by: Sherry Yang <sherryy@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-28android: binder: Refactor prev and next buffer into a helper functionSherry Yang1-9/+15
Use helper functions buffer_next and buffer_prev instead of list_entry to get the next and previous buffers. Signed-off-by: Sherry Yang <sherryy@android.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-28Revert "staging: Fix build issues with new binder API"Jisheng Zhang1-1/+1
This reverts commit d0bdff0db809 ("staging: Fix build issues with new binder API"), because commit e38361d032f1 ("ARM: 8091/2: add get_user() support for 8 byte types") has added the 64bit __get_user_asm_* implementation. Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@marvell.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-23binder: fix incorrect cmd to binder_stat_brTodd Kjos1-1/+1
commit 26549d177410 ("binder: guarantee txn complete / errors delivered in-order") passed the locally declared and undefined cmd to binder_stat_br() which results in a bogus cmd field in a trace event and BR stats are incremented incorrectly. Change to use e->cmd which has been initialized. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Fixes: 26549d177410 ("binder: guarantee txn complete / errors delivered in-order") Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-23binder: free memory on errorChristian Brauner1-2/+6
On binder_init() the devices string is duplicated and smashed into individual device names which are passed along. However, the original duplicated string wasn't freed in case binder_init() failed. Let's free it on error. Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-08-23ANDROID: binder: add hwbinder,vndbinder to BINDER_DEVICES.Martijn Coenen1-1/+1
These will be required going forward. Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com> Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.11+ Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: remove unused BINDER_SMALL_BUF_SIZE defineDmitry Safonov1-2/+0
It was never used since addition of binder to linux mainstream tree. Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: "Arve Hjønnevåg" <arve@android.com> Cc: Riley Andrews <riandrews@android.com> Cc: devel@driverdev.osuosl.org Signed-off-by: Dmitry Safonov <dsafonov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17android: binder: Use dedicated helper to access rlimit valueKrzysztof Opasiak1-1/+1
Use rlimit() helper instead of manually writing whole chain from current task to rlim_cur Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Opasiak <k.opasiak@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: remove global binder lockTodd Kjos1-43/+3
Remove global mutex and rely on fine-grained locking Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: fix death race conditionsMartijn Coenen1-32/+32
A race existed where one thread could register a death notification for a node, while another thread was cleaning up that node and sending out death notifications for its references, causing simultaneous access to ref->death because different locks were held. Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: protect against stale pointers in print_binder_transactionTodd Kjos1-20/+40
When printing transactions there were several race conditions that could cause a stale pointer to be deferenced. Fixed by reading the pointer once and using it if valid (which is safe). The transaction buffer also needed protection via proc lock, so it is only printed if we are holding the correct lock. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: protect binder_ref with outer lockTodd Kjos1-50/+83
Use proc->outer_lock to protect the binder_ref structure. The outer lock allows functions operating on the binder_ref to do nested acquires of node and inner locks as necessary to attach refs to nodes atomically. Binder refs must never be accesssed without holding the outer lock. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: use inner lock to protect thread accountingTodd Kjos1-5/+23
Use the inner lock to protect thread accounting fields in proc structure: max_threads, requested_threads, requested_threads_started and ready_threads. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: protect transaction_stack with inner lock.Martijn Coenen1-17/+79
This makes future changes to priority inheritance easier, since we want to be able to look at a thread's transaction stack when selecting a thread to inherit priority for. It also allows us to take just a single lock in a few paths, where we used to take two in succession. Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: protect proc->threads with inner_lockTodd Kjos1-24/+63
proc->threads will need to be accessed with higher locks of other processes held so use proc->inner_lock to protect it. proc->tmp_ref now needs to be protected by proc->inner_lock. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: protect proc->nodes with inner lockTodd Kjos1-23/+89
When locks for binder_ref handling are added, proc->nodes will need to be modified while holding the outer lock Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: add spinlock to protect binder_nodeTodd Kjos1-55/+165
node->node_lock is used to protect elements of node. No need to acquire for fields that are invariant: debug_id, ptr, cookie. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: add spinlocks to protect todo listsTodd Kjos1-86/+269
The todo lists in the proc, thread, and node structures are accessed by other procs/threads to place work items on the queue. The todo lists are protected by the new proc->inner_lock. No locks should ever be nested under these locks. As the name suggests, an outer lock will be introduced in a later patch. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: use inner lock to sync work dq and node countsTodd Kjos1-51/+198
For correct behavior we need to hold the inner lock when dequeuing and processing node work in binder_thread_read. We now hold the inner lock when we enter the switch statement and release it after processing anything that might be affected by other threads. We also need to hold the inner lock to protect the node weak/strong ref tracking fields as long as node->proc is non-NULL (if it is NULL then we are guaranteed that we don't have any node work queued). This means that other functions that manipulate these fields must hold the inner lock. Refactored these functions to use the inner lock. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: introduce locking helper functionsTodd Kjos1-0/+238
There are 3 main spinlocks which must be acquired in this order: 1) proc->outer_lock : protects most fields of binder_proc, binder_thread, and binder_ref structures. binder_proc_lock() and binder_proc_unlock() are used to acq/rel. 2) node->lock : protects most fields of binder_node. binder_node_lock() and binder_node_unlock() are used to acq/rel 3) proc->inner_lock : protects the thread and node lists (proc->threads, proc->nodes) and all todo lists associated with the binder_proc (proc->todo, thread->todo, proc->delivered_death and node->async_todo). binder_inner_proc_lock() and binder_inner_proc_unlock() are used to acq/rel Any lock under procA must never be nested under any lock at the same level or below on procB. Functions that require a lock held on entry indicate which lock in the suffix of the function name: foo_olocked() : requires node->outer_lock foo_nlocked() : requires node->lock foo_ilocked() : requires proc->inner_lock foo_iolocked(): requires proc->outer_lock and proc->inner_lock foo_nilocked(): requires node->lock and proc->inner_lock Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: use node->tmp_refs to ensure node safetyTodd Kjos1-20/+104
When obtaining a node via binder_get_node(), binder_get_node_from_ref() or binder_new_node(), increment node->tmp_refs to take a temporary reference on the node to ensure the node persists while being used. binder_put_node() must be called to remove the temporary reference. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: refactor binder ref inc/dec for thread safetyTodd Kjos2-137/+379
Once locks are added, binder_ref's will only be accessed safely with the proc lock held. Refactor the inc/dec paths to make them atomic with the binder_get_ref* paths and node inc/dec. For example, instead of: ref = binder_get_ref(proc, handle, strong); ... binder_dec_ref(ref, strong); we now have: ret = binder_dec_ref_for_handle(proc, handle, strong, &rdata); Since the actual ref is no longer exposed to callers, a new struct binder_ref_data is introduced which can be used to return a copy of ref state. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: make sure accesses to proc/thread are safeTodd Kjos1-27/+206
binder_thread and binder_proc may be accessed by other threads when processing transaction. Therefore they must be prevented from being freed while a transaction is in progress that references them. This is done by introducing a temporary reference counter for threads and procs that indicates that the object is in use and must not be freed. binder_thread_dec_tmpref() and binder_proc_dec_tmpref() are used to decrement the temporary reference. It is safe to free a binder_thread if there is no reference and it has been released (indicated by thread->is_dead). It is safe to free a binder_proc if it has no remaining threads and no reference. A spinlock is added to the binder_transaction to safely access and set references for t->from and for debug code to safely access t->to_thread and t->to_proc. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: make sure target_node has strong refTodd Kjos1-5/+17
When initiating a transaction, the target_node must have a strong ref on it. Then we take a second strong ref to make sure the node survives until the transaction is complete. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: guarantee txn complete / errors delivered in-orderTodd Kjos1-54/+73
Since errors are tracked in the return_error/return_error2 fields of the binder_thread object and BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETEs can be tracked either in those fields or via the thread todo work list, it is possible for errors to be reported ahead of the associated txn complete. Use the thread todo work list for errors to guarantee order. Also changed binder_send_failed_reply to pop the transaction even if it failed to send a reply. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: refactor binder_pop_transactionTodd Kjos1-15/+15
binder_pop_transaction needs to be split into 2 pieces to to allow the proc lock to be held on entry to dequeue the transaction stack, but no lock when kfree'ing the transaction. Split into binder_pop_transaction_locked and binder_free_transaction (the actual locks are still to be added). Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: use atomic for transaction_log indexTodd Kjos1-16/+59
The log->next index for the transaction log was not protected when incremented. This led to a case where log->next++ resulted in an index larger than ARRAY_SIZE(log->entry) and eventually a bad access to memory. Fixed by making the log index an atomic64 and converting to an array by using "% ARRAY_SIZE(log->entry)" Also added "complete" field to the log entry which is written last to tell the print code whether the entry is complete Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: add more debug info when allocation fails.Martijn Coenen1-1/+30
Display information about allocated/free space whenever binder buffer allocation fails on synchronous transactions. Signed-off-by: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com> Signed-off-by: Siqi Lin <siqilin@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: protect against two threads freeing bufferTodd Kjos3-10/+23
Adds protection against malicious user code freeing the same buffer at the same time which could cause a crash. Cannot happen under normal use. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: remove dead code in binder_get_ref_for_nodeTodd Kjos1-11/+5
node is always non-NULL in binder_get_ref_for_node so the conditional and else clause are not needed Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: don't modify thread->looper from other threadsTodd Kjos1-11/+11
The looper member of struct binder_thread is a bitmask of control bits. All of the existing bits are modified by the affected thread except for BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN which can be modified in binder_deferred_flush() by another thread. To avoid adding a spinlock around all read-mod-writes to modify a bit, the BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN flag is replaced by a separate field in struct binder_thread. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: avoid race conditions when enqueuing txnTodd Kjos1-3/+4
Currently, the transaction complete work item is queued after the transaction. This means that it is possible for the transaction to be handled and a reply to be enqueued in the current thread before the transaction complete is enqueued, which violates the protocol with userspace who may not expect the transaction complete. Fixed by always enqueing the transaction complete first. Also, once the transaction is enqueued, it is unsafe to access since it might be freed. Currently, t->flags is accessed to determine whether a sync wake is needed. Changed to access tr->flags instead. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: refactor queue management in binder_thread_readTodd Kjos1-57/+94
In binder_thread_read, the BINDER_WORK_NODE command is used to communicate the references on the node to userspace. It can take a couple of iterations in the loop to construct the list of commands for user space. When locking is added, the lock would need to be release on each iteration which means the state could change. The work item is not dequeued during this process which prevents a simpler queue management that can just dequeue up front and handle the work item. Fixed by changing the BINDER_WORK_NODE algorithm in binder_thread_read to determine which commands to send to userspace atomically in 1 pass so it stays consistent with the kernel view. The work item is now dequeued immediately since only 1 pass is needed. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: add log information for binder transaction failuresTodd Kjos2-19/+88
Add additional information to determine the cause of binder failures. Adds the following to failed transaction log and kernel messages: return_error : value returned for transaction return_error_param : errno returned by binder allocator return_error_line : line number where error detected Also, return BR_DEAD_REPLY if an allocation error indicates a dead proc (-ESRCH) Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: make binder_last_id an atomicTodd Kjos1-4/+4
Use an atomic for binder_last_id to avoid locking it Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: change binder_stats to atomicsBadhri Jagan Sridharan1-20/+28
Use atomics for stats to avoid needing to lock for increments/decrements Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: add protection for non-perf casesTodd Kjos1-18/+63
Add binder_dead_nodes_lock, binder_procs_lock, and binder_context_mgr_node_lock to protect the associated global lists Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: remove binder_debug_no_lock mechanismTodd Kjos1-23/+8
With the global lock, there was a mechanism to access binder driver debugging information with the global lock disabled to debug deadlocks or other issues. This mechanism is rarely (if ever) used anymore and wasn't needed during the development of fine-grained locking in the binder driver. Removing it. Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-07-17binder: move binder_alloc to separate fileTodd Kjos4-763/+923
Move the binder allocator functionality to its own file Continuation of splitting the binder allocator from the binder driver. Split binder_alloc functions from normal binder functions. Add kernel doc comments to functions declared extern in binder_alloc.h Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos@google.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>