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2015-06-23Merge branch 'x86-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds3-32/+203
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 core updates from Ingo Molnar: "There were so many changes in the x86/asm, x86/apic and x86/mm topics in this cycle that the topical separation of -tip broke down somewhat - so the result is a more traditional architecture pull request, collected into the 'x86/core' topic. The topics were still maintained separately as far as possible, so bisectability and conceptual separation should still be pretty good - but there were a handful of merge points to avoid excessive dependencies (and conflicts) that would have been poorly tested in the end. The next cycle will hopefully be much more quiet (or at least will have fewer dependencies). The main changes in this cycle were: * x86/apic changes, with related IRQ core changes: (Jiang Liu, Thomas Gleixner) - This is the second and most intrusive part of changes to the x86 interrupt handling - full conversion to hierarchical interrupt domains: [IOAPIC domain] ----- | [MSI domain] --------[Remapping domain] ----- [ Vector domain ] | (optional) | [HPET MSI domain] ----- | | [DMAR domain] ----------------------------- | [Legacy domain] ----------------------------- This now reflects the actual hardware and allowed us to distangle the domain specific code from the underlying parent domain, which can be optional in the case of interrupt remapping. It's a clear separation of functionality and removes quite some duct tape constructs which plugged the remap code between ioapic/msi/hpet and the vector management. - Intel IOMMU IRQ remapping enhancements, to allow direct interrupt injection into guests (Feng Wu) * x86/asm changes: - Tons of cleanups and small speedups, micro-optimizations. This is in preparation to move a good chunk of the low level entry code from assembly to C code (Denys Vlasenko, Andy Lutomirski, Brian Gerst) - Moved all system entry related code to a new home under arch/x86/entry/ (Ingo Molnar) - Removal of the fragile and ugly CFI dwarf debuginfo annotations. Conversion to C will reintroduce many of them - but meanwhile they are only getting in the way, and the upstream kernel does not rely on them (Ingo Molnar) - NOP handling refinements. (Borislav Petkov) * x86/mm changes: - Big PAT and MTRR rework: making the code more robust and preparing to phase out exposing direct MTRR interfaces to drivers - in favor of using PAT driven interfaces (Toshi Kani, Luis R Rodriguez, Borislav Petkov) - New ioremap_wt()/set_memory_wt() interfaces to support Write-Through cached memory mappings. This is especially important for good performance on NVDIMM hardware (Toshi Kani) * x86/ras changes: - Add support for deferred errors on AMD (Aravind Gopalakrishnan) This is an important RAS feature which adds hardware support for poisoned data. That means roughly that the hardware marks data which it has detected as corrupted but wasn't able to correct, as poisoned data and raises an APIC interrupt to signal that in the form of a deferred error. It is the OS's responsibility then to take proper recovery action and thus prolonge system lifetime as far as possible. - Add support for Intel "Local MCE"s: upcoming CPUs will support CPU-local MCE interrupts, as opposed to the traditional system- wide broadcasted MCE interrupts (Ashok Raj) - Misc cleanups (Borislav Petkov) * x86/platform changes: - Intel Atom SoC updates ... and lots of other cleanups, fixlets and other changes - see the shortlog and the Git log for details" * 'x86-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (222 commits) x86/hpet: Use proper hpet device number for MSI allocation x86/hpet: Check for irq==0 when allocating hpet MSI interrupts x86/mm/pat, drivers/infiniband/ipath: Use arch_phys_wc_add() and require PAT disabled x86/mm/pat, drivers/media/ivtv: Use arch_phys_wc_add() and require PAT disabled x86/platform/intel/baytrail: Add comments about why we disabled HPET on Baytrail genirq: Prevent crash in irq_move_irq() genirq: Enhance irq_data_to_desc() to support hierarchy irqdomain iommu, x86: Properly handle posted interrupts for IOMMU hotplug iommu, x86: Provide irq_remapping_cap() interface iommu, x86: Setup Posted-Interrupts capability for Intel iommu iommu, x86: Add cap_pi_support() to detect VT-d PI capability iommu, x86: Avoid migrating VT-d posted interrupts iommu, x86: Save the mode (posted or remapped) of an IRTE iommu, x86: Implement irq_set_vcpu_affinity for intel_ir_chip iommu: dmar: Provide helper to copy shared irte fields iommu: dmar: Extend struct irte for VT-d Posted-Interrupts iommu: Add new member capability to struct irq_remap_ops x86/asm/entry/64: Disentangle error_entry/exit gsbase/ebx/usermode code x86/asm/entry/32: Shorten __audit_syscall_entry() args preparation x86/asm/entry/32: Explain reloading of registers after __audit_syscall_entry() ...
2015-06-07Merge branch 'x86/ras' into x86/core, to fix conflictsIngo Molnar3-32/+203
Conflicts: arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-06-07x86/mce: Handle Local MCE eventsAshok Raj2-6/+27
Add the necessary changes to do_machine_check() to be able to process MCEs signaled as local MCEs. Typically, only recoverable errors (SRAR type) will be Signaled as LMCE. The architecture does not restrict to only those errors, however. When errors are signaled as LMCE, there is no need for the MCE handler to perform rendezvous with other logical processors unlike earlier processors that would broadcast machine check errors. Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1433436928-31903-17-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-06-07x86/mce: Add infrastructure to support Local MCEAshok Raj2-0/+46
Initialize and prepare for handling LMCEs. Add a boot-time option to disable LMCEs. Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com> [ Simplify stuff, align statements for better readability, reflow comments; kill unused lmce_clear(); save us an MSR write if LMCE is already enabled. ] Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1433436928-31903-16-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-06-02Merge branch 'for-mingo' of ↵Ingo Molnar1-6/+9
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu into core/rcu Pull RCU changes from Paul E. McKenney: - Initialization/Kconfig updates: hide most Kconfig options from unsuspecting users. There's now a single high level configuration option: * * RCU Subsystem * Make expert-level adjustments to RCU configuration (RCU_EXPERT) [N/y/?] (NEW) Which if answered in the negative, leaves us with a single interactive configuration option: Offload RCU callback processing from boot-selected CPUs (RCU_NOCB_CPU) [N/y/?] (NEW) All the rest of the RCU options are configured automatically. - Remove all uses of RCU-protected array indexes: replace the rcu_[access|dereference]_index_check() APIs with READ_ONCE() and rcu_lockdep_assert(). - RCU CPU-hotplug cleanups. - Updates to Tiny RCU: a race fix and further code shrinkage. - RCU torture-testing updates: fixes, speedups, cleanups and documentation updates. - Miscellaneous fixes. - Documentation updates. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-05-27mce: mce_chrdev_write() can be staticPaul E. McKenney1-2/+2
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2015-05-27mce: Stop using array-index-based RCU primitivesPaul E. McKenney1-4/+7
Because mce is arch-specific x86 code, there is little or no performance benefit of using rcu_dereference_index_check() over using smp_load_acquire(). It also turns out that mce is the only place that array-index-based RCU is used, and it would be convenient to drop this portion of the RCU API. This patch therefore changes rcu_dereference_index_check() uses to smp_load_acquire(), but keeping the lockdep diagnostics, and also changes rcu_access_index() uses to READ_ONCE(). Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-05-27x86/mce: Fix monarch timeout setting through the mce= cmdline optionXie XiuQi1-4/+1
Using "mce=1,10000000" on the kernel cmdline to change the monarch timeout does not work. The cause is that get_option() does parse a subsequent comma in the option string and signals that with a return value. So we don't need to check for a second comma ourselves. Signed-off-by: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1432120943-25028-1-git-send-email-xiexiuqi@huawei.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1432628901-18044-19-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-05-18x86/mce: Fix MCE severity messagesBorislav Petkov1-2/+5
Derek noticed that a critical MCE gets reported with the wrong error type description: [Hardware Error]: CPU 34: Machine Check Exception: 5 Bank 9: f200003f000100b0 [Hardware Error]: RIP !INEXACT! 10:<ffffffff812e14c1> {intel_idle+0xb1/0x170} [Hardware Error]: TSC 49587b8e321cb [Hardware Error]: PROCESSOR 0:306e4 TIME 1431561296 SOCKET 1 APIC 29 [Hardware Error]: Some CPUs didn't answer in synchronization [Hardware Error]: Machine check: Invalid ^^^^^^^ The last line with 'Invalid' should have printed the high level MCE error type description we get from mce_severity, i.e. something like: [Hardware Error]: Machine check: Action required: data load error in a user process this happens due to the fact that mce_no_way_out() iterates over all MCA banks and possibly overwrites the @msg argument which is used in the panic printing later. Change behavior to take the message of only and the (last) critical MCE it detects. Reported-by: Derek <denc716@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1431936437-25286-3-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-05-07x86/mce/amd: Zap changelogBorislav Petkov1-10/+2
It is useless and git history has it all detailed anyway. Update copyright while at it. Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com>
2015-05-07x86/mce/amd: Rename setup_APIC_mceAravind Gopalakrishnan1-2/+2
'setup_APIC_mce' doesn't give us an indication of why we are going to program LVT. Make that explicit by renaming it to setup_APIC_mce_threshold so we know. No functional change is introduced. Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: x86-ml <x86@kernel.org> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430913538-1415-7-git-send-email-Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-05-07x86/mce/amd: Introduce deferred error interrupt handlerAravind Gopalakrishnan1-0/+93
Deferred errors indicate error conditions that were not corrected, but require no action from S/W (or action is optional).These errors provide info about a latent UC MCE that can occur when a poisoned data is consumed by the processor. Processors that report these errors can be configured to generate APIC interrupts to notify OS about the error. Provide an interrupt handler in this patch so that OS can catch these errors as and when they happen. Currently, we simply log the errors and exit the handler as S/W action is not mandated. Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: x86-ml <x86@kernel.org> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430913538-1415-5-git-send-email-Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-05-06x86/mce: Add support for deferred errors on AMDAravind Gopalakrishnan1-2/+8
Deferred errors indicate error conditions that were not corrected, but those errors have not been consumed yet. They require no action from S/W (or action is optional). These errors provide info about a latent uncorrectable MCE that can occur when a poisoned data is consumed by the processor. Newer AMD processors can generate deferred errors and can be configured to generate APIC interrupts on such events. SUCCOR stands for S/W UnCorrectable error COntainment and Recovery. It indicates support for data poisoning in HW and deferred error interrupts. Add new bitfield to mce_vendor_flags for this. We use this to verify presence of deferred error interrupts before we enable them in mce_amd.c While at it, clarify comments in mce_vendor_flags to provide an indication of usages of the bitfields. Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: x86-ml <x86@kernel.org> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430913538-1415-4-git-send-email-Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com [ beef up commit message, do CPUID(8000_0007) only once. ] Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-05-06x86/mce/amd: Collect valid address before logging an errorAravind Gopalakrishnan1-1/+4
amd_decode_mce() needs value in m->addr so it can report the error address correctly. This should be setup in __log_error() before we call mce_log(). We do this because the error address is an important bit of information which should be conveyed to userspace. The correct output then reports proper address, like this: [Hardware Error]: Corrected error, no action required. [Hardware Error]: CPU:0 (15:60:0) MC0_STATUS [-|CE|-|-|AddrV|-|-|CECC]: 0x840041000028017b [Hardware Error]: MC0 Error Address: 0x00001f808f0ff040 Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: x86-ml <x86@kernel.org> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430913538-1415-3-git-send-email-Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-05-06x86/mce/amd: Factor out logging mechanismAravind Gopalakrishnan1-10/+23
Refactor the code here to setup struct mce and call mce_log() to log the error. We're going to reuse this in a later patch as part of the deferred error interrupt enablement. No functional change is introduced. Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: x86-ml <x86@kernel.org> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430913538-1415-2-git-send-email-Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-04-13Merge branch 'x86-ras-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds5-103/+202
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 RAS changes from Ingo Molnar: "The main changes in this cycle were: - Simplify the CMCI storm logic on Intel CPUs after yet another report about a race in the code (Borislav Petkov) - Enable the MCE threshold irq on AMD CPUs by default (Aravind Gopalakrishnan) - Add AMD-specific MCE-severity grading function. Further error recovery actions will be based on its output (Aravind Gopalakrishnan) - Documentation updates (Borislav Petkov) - ... assorted fixes and cleanups" * 'x86-ras-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/mce/severity: Fix warning about indented braces x86/mce: Define mce_severity function pointer x86/mce: Add an AMD severities-grading function x86/mce: Reindent __mcheck_cpu_apply_quirks() properly x86/mce: Use safe MSR accesses for AMD quirk x86/MCE/AMD: Enable thresholding interrupts by default if supported x86/MCE: Make mce_panic() fatal machine check msg in the same pattern x86/MCE/intel: Cleanup CMCI storm logic Documentation/acpi/einj: Correct and streamline text x86/MCE/AMD: Drop bogus const modifier from AMD's bank4_names()
2015-04-03x86/mce/severity: Fix warning about indented bracesAravind Gopalakrishnan1-5/+4
Dan reported compiler warnings about missing curly braces in mce_severity_amd(). Reindent the catch-all "return MCE_AR_SEVERITY" correctly to single tab. While at it, chain ctx == IN_KERNEL check with mcgstatus check to make it cleaner, as suggested by Boris. No functional changes are introduced by this patch. Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427814281-18192-1-git-send-email-Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-03-24x86/mce: Define mce_severity function pointerAravind Gopalakrishnan3-6/+16
Rename mce_severity() to mce_severity_intel() and assign the mce_severity function pointer to mce_severity_amd() during init on AMD. This way, we can avoid a test to call mce_severity_amd every time we get into mce_severity(). And it's cleaner to do it this way. Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Suggested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: linux-edac <linux-edac@vger.kernel.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427125373-2918-3-git-send-email-Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-03-24x86/mce: Add an AMD severities-grading functionAravind Gopalakrishnan2-0/+65
Add a severities function that caters to AMD processors. This allows us to do some vendor-specific work within the function if necessary. Also, introduce a vendor flag bitfield for vendor-specific settings. The severities code uses this to define error scope based on the prescence of the flags field. This is based off of work by Boris Petkov. Testing details: Fam10h, Model 9h (Greyhound) Fam15h: Models 0h-0fh (Orochi), 30h-3fh (Kaveri) and 60h-6fh (Carrizo), Fam16h Model 00h-0fh (Kabini) Boris: Intel SNB AMD K8 (JH-E0) Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <aravind.gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427125373-2918-2-git-send-email-Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com [ Fixup build, clean up comments. ] Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-03-23x86/mce: Reindent __mcheck_cpu_apply_quirks() properlyBorislav Petkov1-24/+24
Had some strange 3 tabs + 2 chars indentation, probably from me. Fix it. No code changed: # arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce.o: text data bss dec hex filename 21371 5923 264 27558 6ba6 mce.o.before 21371 5923 264 27558 6ba6 mce.o.after md5: eb3996c84d15e08ed836f043df2cbb01 mce.o.before.asm eb3996c84d15e08ed836f043df2cbb01 mce.o.after.asm Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-03-23x86/mce: Use safe MSR accesses for AMD quirkJesse Larrew1-10/+4
Certain MSRs are only relevant to a kernel in host mode, and kvm had chosen not to implement these MSRs at all for guests. If a guest kernel ever tried to access these MSRs, the result was a general protection fault. KVM will be separately patched to return 0 when these MSRs are read, and this patch ensures that MSR accesses are tolerant of exceptions. Signed-off-by: Jesse Larrew <jesse.larrew@amd.com> [ Drop {} braces around loop ] Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Joel Schopp <joel.schopp@amd.com> Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1426262619-5016-1-git-send-email-jesse.larrew@amd.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-02-19Merge tag 'ras_for_3.21' of ↵Ingo Molnar4-71/+102
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ras/ras into x86/ras Pull RAS updates from Borislav Petkov: "- Enable AMD thresholding IRQ by default if supported. (Aravind Gopalakrishnan) - Unify mce_panic() message pattern. (Derek Che) - A bit more involved simplification of the CMCI logic after yet another report about race condition with the adaptive logic. (Borislav Petkov) - ACPI APEI EINJ fleshing out of the user documentation. (Borislav Petkov) - Minor cleanup. (Jan Beulich.)" Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-02-19x86/MCE/AMD: Enable thresholding interrupts by default if supportedAravind Gopalakrishnan1-2/+7
We setup APIC vectors for threshold errors if interrupt_capable. However, we don't set interrupt_enable by default. Rework threshold_restart_bank() so that when we set up lvt_offset, we also set IntType to APIC and also enable thresholding interrupts for banks which support it by default. User is still allowed to disable interrupts through sysfs. While at it, check if status is valid before we proceed to log error using mce_log. This is because, in multi-node platforms, only the NBC (Node Base Core, i.e. the first core in the node) has valid status info in its MCA registers. So, the decoding of status values on the non-NBC leads to noise on kernel logs like so: EDAC DEBUG: amd64_inject_write_store: section=0x80000000 word_bits=0x10020001 [Hardware Error]: Corrected error, no action required. [Hardware Error]: CPU:25 (15:2:0) MC4_STATUS[-|CE|-|-|- [Hardware Error]: Corrected error, no action required. [Hardware Error]: CPU:26 (15:2:0) MC4_STATUS[-|CE|-|-|- <...> WARNING: CPU: 25 PID: 0 at drivers/edac/amd64_edac.c:2147 decode_bus_error+0x1ba/0x2a0() WARNING: CPU: 26 PID: 0 at drivers/edac/amd64_edac.c:2147 decode_bus_error+0x1ba/0x2a0() Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <aravind.gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1422896561-7695-1-git-send-email-aravind.gopalakrishnan@amd.com [ Massage commit message. ] Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-02-19x86/MCE: Make mce_panic() fatal machine check msg in the same patternDerek Che1-2/+2
There is another mce_panic call with "Fatal machine check on current CPU" in the same mce.c file, why not keep them all in same pattern mce_panic("Fatal machine check on current CPU", &m, msg); Signed-off-by: Derek Che <drc@yahoo-inc.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-02-19x86/MCE/intel: Cleanup CMCI storm logicBorislav Petkov3-66/+92
Initially, this started with the yet another report about a race condition in the CMCI storm adaptive period length thing. Yes, we have to admit, it is fragile and error prone. So let's simplify it. The simpler logic is: now, after we enter storm mode, we go straight to polling with CMCI_STORM_INTERVAL, i.e. once a second. We remain in storm mode as long as we see errors being logged while polling. Theoretically, if we see an uninterrupted error stream, we will remain in storm mode indefinitely and keep polling the MSRs. However, when the storm is actually a burst of errors, once we have logged them all, we back out of it after ~5 mins of polling and no more errors logged. If we encounter an error during those 5 minutes, we reset the polling interval to 5 mins. Making machine_check_poll() return a bool and denoting whether it has seen an error or not lets us simplify a bunch of code and move the storm handling private to mce_intel.c. Some minor cleanups while at it. Reported-by: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com> Tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1417746575-23299-1-git-send-email-calvinowens@fb.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-02-19x86/MCE/AMD: Drop bogus const modifier from AMD's bank4_names()Jan Beulich1-1/+1
The compiler validly warns about it being ignored. Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/54C21511020000780005890E@mail.emea.novell.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2015-02-18Merge tag 'please-pull-fixmcelog' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-4/+1
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ras/ras Pull mcelog regression fix from Tony Luck: "Fix regression - functions on the mce notifier chain should not be able to decide that an event should not be logged" * tag 'please-pull-fixmcelog' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ras/ras: x86/mce: Fix regression. All error records should report via /dev/mcelog
2015-02-17Merge branch 'perf-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds3-3/+6
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 perf updates from Ingo Molnar: "This series tightens up RDPMC permissions: currently even highly sandboxed x86 execution environments (such as seccomp) have permission to execute RDPMC, which may leak various perf events / PMU state such as timing information and other CPU execution details. This 'all is allowed' RDPMC mode is still preserved as the (non-default) /sys/devices/cpu/rdpmc=2 setting. The new default is that RDPMC access is only allowed if a perf event is mmap-ed (which is needed to correctly interpret RDPMC counter values in any case). As a side effect of these changes CR4 handling is cleaned up in the x86 code and a shadow copy of the CR4 value is added. The extra CR4 manipulation adds ~ <50ns to the context switch cost between rdpmc-capable and rdpmc-non-capable mms" * 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: perf/x86: Add /sys/devices/cpu/rdpmc=2 to allow rdpmc for all tasks perf/x86: Only allow rdpmc if a perf_event is mapped perf: Pass the event to arch_perf_update_userpage() perf: Add pmu callbacks to track event mapping and unmapping x86: Add a comment clarifying LDT context switching x86: Store a per-cpu shadow copy of CR4 x86: Clean up cr4 manipulation
2015-02-10Merge branch 'x86-ras-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-10/+13
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 RAS update from Ingo Molnar: "The changes in this cycle were: - allow mmcfg access to APEI error injection handlers - improve MCE error messages - smaller cleanups" * 'x86-ras-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86, mce: Fix sparse errors x86, mce: Improve timeout error messages ACPI, EINJ: Enhance error injection tolerance level
2015-02-09x86/mce: Fix regression. All error records should report via /dev/mcelogTony Luck1-4/+1
I'm getting complaints from validation teams that have updated their Linux kernels from ancient versions to current. They don't see the error logs they expect. I tell the to unload any EDAC drivers[1], and things start working again. The problem is that we short-circuit the logging process if any function on the decoder chain claims to have dealt with the problem: ret = atomic_notifier_call_chain(&x86_mce_decoder_chain, 0, m); if (ret == NOTIFY_STOP) return; The logic we used when we added this code was that we did not want to confuse users with double reports of the same error. But it turns out users are not confused - they are upset that they don't see a log where their tools used to find a log. I could also get into a long description of how the consumer of this log does more than just decode model specific details of the error. It keeps counts, tracks thresholds, takes actions and runs scripts that can alert administrators to problems. [1] We've recently compounded the problem because the acpi_extlog driver also registers for this notifier and also returns NOTIFY_STOP. Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2015-02-04x86: Clean up cr4 manipulationAndy Lutomirski3-3/+6
CR4 manipulation was split, seemingly at random, between direct (write_cr4) and using a helper (set/clear_in_cr4). Unfortunately, the set_in_cr4 and clear_in_cr4 helpers also poke at the boot code, which only a small subset of users actually wanted. This patch replaces all cr4 access in functions that don't leave cr4 exactly the way they found it with new helpers cr4_set_bits, cr4_clear_bits, and cr4_set_bits_and_update_boot. Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Vince Weaver <vince@deater.net> Cc: "hillf.zj" <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/495a10bdc9e67016b8fd3945700d46cfd5c12c2f.1414190806.git.luto@amacapital.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-01-07x86, mce: Get rid of TIF_MCE_NOTIFY and associated mce tricksLuck, Tony1-84/+25
We now switch to the kernel stack when a machine check interrupts during user mode. This means that we can perform recovery actions in the tail of do_machine_check() Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
2015-01-02x86, traps: Track entry into and exit from IST contextAndy Lutomirski3-0/+16
We currently pretend that IST context is like standard exception context, but this is incorrect. IST entries from userspace are like standard exceptions except that they use per-cpu stacks, so they are atomic. IST entries from kernel space are like NMIs from RCU's perspective -- they are not quiescent states even if they interrupted the kernel during a quiescent state. Add and use ist_enter and ist_exit to track IST context. Even though x86_32 has no IST stacks, we track these interrupts the same way. This fixes two issues: - Scheduling from an IST interrupt handler will now warn. It would previously appear to work as long as we got lucky and nothing overwrote the stack frame. (I don't know of any bugs in this that would trigger the warning, but it's good to be on the safe side.) - RCU handling in IST context was dangerous. As far as I know, only machine checks were likely to trigger this, but it's good to be on the safe side. Note that the machine check handlers appears to have been missing any context tracking at all before this patch. Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
2014-12-22x86, mce: Fix sparse errorsBorislav Petkov1-3/+3
Make stuff used in mce.c only, static. Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2014-12-22x86, mce: Improve timeout error messagesAndy Lutomirski1-8/+11
There are four different possible types of timeouts. Distinguish them in the logs to help debug them. Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/0fa6d2653a54a01c48b43a3583caf950ea99606e.1419178397.git.luto@amacapital.net Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2014-12-08x86/mce: Spell "panicked" correctlyBorislav Petkov1-6/+6
We need the additional "k" to make it a hard-c: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panicked Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1417642605-15730-1-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-11-19x86, mce: Support memory error recovery for both UCNA and Deferred error in ↵Chen Yucong1-0/+46
machine_check_poll Uncorrected no action required (UCNA) - is a uncorrected recoverable machine check error that is not signaled via a machine check exception and, instead, is reported to system software as a corrected machine check error. UCNA errors indicate that some data in the system is corrupted, but the data has not been consumed and the processor state is valid and you may continue execution on this processor. UCNA errors require no action from system software to continue execution. Note that UCNA errors are supported by the processor only when IA32_MCG_CAP[24] (MCG_SER_P) is set. -- Intel SDM Volume 3B Deferred errors are errors that cannot be corrected by hardware, but do not cause an immediate interruption in program flow, loss of data integrity, or corruption of processor state. These errors indicate that data has been corrupted but not consumed. Hardware writes information to the status and address registers in the corresponding bank that identifies the source of the error if deferred errors are enabled for logging. Deferred errors are not reported via machine check exceptions; they can be seen by polling the MCi_STATUS registers. -- AMD64 APM Volume 2 Above two items, both UCNA and Deferred errors belong to detected errors, but they can't be corrected by hardware, and this is very similar to Software Recoverable Action Optional (SRAO) errors. Therefore, we can take some actions that have been used for handling SRAO errors to handle UCNA and Deferred errors. Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2014-11-19x86, mce, severity: Extend the the mce_severity mechanism to handle ↵Chen Yucong3-13/+28
UCNA/DEFERRED error Until now, the mce_severity mechanism can only identify the severity of UCNA error as MCE_KEEP_SEVERITY. Meanwhile, it is not able to filter out DEFERRED error for AMD platform. This patch extends the mce_severity mechanism for handling UCNA/DEFERRED error. In order to do this, the patch introduces a new severity level - MCE_UCNA/DEFERRED_SEVERITY. In addition, mce_severity is specific to machine check exception, and it will check MCIP/EIPV/RIPV bits. In order to use mce_severity mechanism in non-exception context, the patch also introduces a new argument (is_excp) for mce_severity. `is_excp' is used to explicitly specify the calling context of mce_severity. Reviewed-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <Aravind.Gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2014-11-01x86, MCE, AMD: Assign interrupt handler only when bank supports itChen Yucong1-7/+10
There are some AMD CPU models which have thresholding banks but which cannot generate a thresholding interrupt. This is denoted by the bit MCi_MISC[IntP]. Make sure to check that bit before assigning the thresholding interrupt handler. Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> [ Boris: save an indentation level and rewrite commit message. ] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1412662128.28440.18.camel@debian Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2014-10-22x86, MCE, AMD: Drop software-defined bank in error thresholdingBorislav Petkov1-3/+2
Aravind had the good question about why we're assigning a software-defined bank when reporting error thresholding errors instead of simply using the bank which reports the last error causing the overflow. Digging through git history, it pointed to 95268664390b ("[PATCH] x86_64: mce_amd support for family 0x10 processors") which added that functionality. The problem with this, however, is that tools don't know about software-defined banks and get puzzled. So drop that K8_MCE_THRESHOLD_BASE and simply use the hw bank reporting the thresholding interrupt. Save us a couple of MSR reads while at it. Reported-by: Aravind Gopalakrishnan <aravind.gopalakrishnan@amd.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/5435B206.60402@amd.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2014-10-22x86, MCE, AMD: Move invariant code out from loop bodyChen Yucong1-1/+3
Assigning to mce_threshold_vector is loop-invariant code in mce_amd_feature_init(). So do it only once, out of loop body. Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1412263212.8085.6.camel@debian [ Boris: commit message corrections. ] Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2014-10-22x86, MCE, AMD: Correct thresholding error loggingChen Yucong1-15/+15
mce_setup() does not gather the content of IA32_MCG_STATUS, so it should be read explicitly. Moreover, we need to clear IA32_MCx_STATUS to avoid that mce_log() logs the processed threshold event again at next time. But we do the logging ourselves and machine_check_poll() is completely useless there. So kill it. Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2014-10-22x86, MCE, AMD: Use macros to compute bank MSRsChen Yucong1-6/+4
Avoid open coded calculations for bank MSRs by hiding the index of higher bank MSRs in well-defined macros. No semantic changes. Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1411438561-24319-1-git-send-email-slaoub@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2014-10-15Merge branch 'for-3.18-consistent-ops' of ↵Linus Torvalds4-38/+38
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu Pull percpu consistent-ops changes from Tejun Heo: "Way back, before the current percpu allocator was implemented, static and dynamic percpu memory areas were allocated and handled separately and had their own accessors. The distinction has been gone for many years now; however, the now duplicate two sets of accessors remained with the pointer based ones - this_cpu_*() - evolving various other operations over time. During the process, we also accumulated other inconsistent operations. This pull request contains Christoph's patches to clean up the duplicate accessor situation. __get_cpu_var() uses are replaced with with this_cpu_ptr() and __this_cpu_ptr() with raw_cpu_ptr(). Unfortunately, the former sometimes is tricky thanks to C being a bit messy with the distinction between lvalues and pointers, which led to a rather ugly solution for cpumask_var_t involving the introduction of this_cpu_cpumask_var_ptr(). This converts most of the uses but not all. Christoph will follow up with the remaining conversions in this merge window and hopefully remove the obsolete accessors" * 'for-3.18-consistent-ops' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (38 commits) irqchip: Properly fetch the per cpu offset percpu: Resolve ambiguities in __get_cpu_var/cpumask_var_t -fix ia64: sn_nodepda cannot be assigned to after this_cpu conversion. Use __this_cpu_write. percpu: Resolve ambiguities in __get_cpu_var/cpumask_var_t Revert "powerpc: Replace __get_cpu_var uses" percpu: Remove __this_cpu_ptr clocksource: Replace __this_cpu_ptr with raw_cpu_ptr sparc: Replace __get_cpu_var uses avr32: Replace __get_cpu_var with __this_cpu_write blackfin: Replace __get_cpu_var uses tile: Use this_cpu_ptr() for hardware counters tile: Replace __get_cpu_var uses powerpc: Replace __get_cpu_var uses alpha: Replace __get_cpu_var ia64: Replace __get_cpu_var uses s390: cio driver &__get_cpu_var replacements s390: Replace __get_cpu_var uses mips: Replace __get_cpu_var uses MIPS: Replace __get_cpu_var uses in FPU emulator. arm: Replace __this_cpu_ptr with raw_cpu_ptr ...
2014-09-19x86/mce: Avoid showing repetitive message from intel_init_thermal()Rakib Mullick1-2/+2
intel_init_thermal() is called from a) at the time of system initializing and b) at the time of system resume to initialize thermal monitoring. In case when thermal monitoring is handled by SMI, we get to know it via printk(). Currently it gives the message at both cases, but its okay if we get it only once and no need to get the same message at every time system resumes. So, limit showing this message only at system boot time by avoid showing at system resume and reduce abusing kernel log buffer. Signed-off-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1411068135.5121.10.camel@localhost.localdomain Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2014-08-26x86: Replace __get_cpu_var usesChristoph Lameter4-38/+38
__get_cpu_var() is used for multiple purposes in the kernel source. One of them is address calculation via the form &__get_cpu_var(x). This calculates the address for the instance of the percpu variable of the current processor based on an offset. Other use cases are for storing and retrieving data from the current processors percpu area. __get_cpu_var() can be used as an lvalue when writing data or on the right side of an assignment. __get_cpu_var() is defined as : #define __get_cpu_var(var) (*this_cpu_ptr(&(var))) __get_cpu_var() always only does an address determination. However, store and retrieve operations could use a segment prefix (or global register on other platforms) to avoid the address calculation. this_cpu_write() and this_cpu_read() can directly take an offset into a percpu area and use optimized assembly code to read and write per cpu variables. This patch converts __get_cpu_var into either an explicit address calculation using this_cpu_ptr() or into a use of this_cpu operations that use the offset. Thereby address calculations are avoided and less registers are used when code is generated. Transformations done to __get_cpu_var() 1. Determine the address of the percpu instance of the current processor. DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, y); int *x = &__get_cpu_var(y); Converts to int *x = this_cpu_ptr(&y); 2. Same as #1 but this time an array structure is involved. DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, y[20]); int *x = __get_cpu_var(y); Converts to int *x = this_cpu_ptr(y); 3. Retrieve the content of the current processors instance of a per cpu variable. DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, y); int x = __get_cpu_var(y) Converts to int x = __this_cpu_read(y); 4. Retrieve the content of a percpu struct DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mystruct, y); struct mystruct x = __get_cpu_var(y); Converts to memcpy(&x, this_cpu_ptr(&y), sizeof(x)); 5. Assignment to a per cpu variable DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, y) __get_cpu_var(y) = x; Converts to __this_cpu_write(y, x); 6. Increment/Decrement etc of a per cpu variable DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, y); __get_cpu_var(y)++ Converts to __this_cpu_inc(y) Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: x86@kernel.org Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2014-08-09arch/x86: replace strict_strto callsDaniel Walter2-5/+5
Replace obsolete strict_strto calls with appropriate kstrto calls Signed-off-by: Daniel Walter <dwalter@google.com> Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06x86: MCE: Add raw_lock conversion againThomas Gleixner1-9/+9
Commit ea431643d6c3 ("x86/mce: Fix CMCI preemption bugs") breaks RT by the completely unrelated conversion of the cmci_discover_lock to a regular (non raw) spinlock. This lock was annotated in commit 59d958d2c7de ("locking, x86: mce: Annotate cmci_discover_lock as raw") with a proper explanation why. The argument for converting the lock back to a regular spinlock was: - it does percpu ops without disabling preemption. Preemption is not disabled due to the mistaken use of a raw spinlock. Which is complete nonsense. The raw_spinlock is disabling preemption in the same way as a regular spinlock. In mainline spinlock maps to raw_spinlock, in RT spinlock becomes a "sleeping" lock. raw_spinlock has on RT exactly the same semantics as in mainline. And because this lock is taken in non preemptible context it must be raw on RT. Undo the locking brainfart. Reported-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com> Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-24x86, MCE: Robustify mcheck_init_deviceBorislav Petkov1-4/+6
BorisO reports that misc_register() fails often on xen. The current code unregisters the CPU hotplug notifier in that case. If then a CPU is offlined and onlined back again, we end up with a second timer running on that CPU, leading to soft lockups and system hangs. So let's leave the hotcpu notifier always registered - even if mce_device_create failed for some cores and never unreg it so that we can deal with the timer handling accordingly. Reported-and-Tested-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1403274493-1371-1-git-send-email-boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
2014-06-22x86, MCE: Kill CPU_POST_DEADBorislav Petkov1-5/+4
In conjunction with cleaning up CPU hotplug, we want to get rid of CPU_POST_DEAD. Kill this instance here and rediscover CMCI banks at the end of CPU_DEAD. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1400750624-19238-1-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>