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SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 - -The Zoran driver -================ - -unified zoran driver (zr360x7, zoran, buz, dc10(+), dc30(+), lml33) - -website: http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net/driver-zoran/ - - -Frequently Asked Questions --------------------------- - -What cards are supported ------------------------- - -Iomega Buz, Linux Media Labs LML33/LML33R10, Pinnacle/Miro -DC10/DC10+/DC30/DC30+ and related boards (available under various names). - -Iomega Buz -~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36067 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36060 MJPEG codec -* Philips saa7111 TV decoder -* Philips saa7185 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, saa7111, saa7185, zr36060, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: Composite and S-video - -Norms: PAL, SECAM (720x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (720x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 7 - -AverMedia 6 Eyes AVS6EYES -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36067 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36060 MJPEG codec -* Samsung ks0127 TV decoder -* Conexant bt866 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, ks0127, bt866, zr36060, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: - Six physical inputs. 1-6 are composite, - 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 doubles as S-video, - 1-3 triples as component. - One composite output. - -Norms: PAL, SECAM (720x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (720x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 8 - -.. note:: - - Not autodetected, card=8 is necessary. - -Linux Media Labs LML33 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36067 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36060 MJPEG codec -* Brooktree bt819 TV decoder -* Brooktree bt856 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, bt819, bt856, zr36060, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: Composite and S-video - -Norms: PAL (720x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (720x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 5 - -Linux Media Labs LML33R10 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36067 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36060 MJPEG codec -* Philips saa7114 TV decoder -* Analog Devices adv7170 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, saa7114, adv7170, zr36060, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: Composite and S-video - -Norms: PAL (720x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (720x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 6 - -Pinnacle/Miro DC10(new) -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36057 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36060 MJPEG codec -* Philips saa7110a TV decoder -* Analog Devices adv7176 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, saa7110, adv7175, zr36060, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: Composite, S-video and Internal - -Norms: PAL, SECAM (768x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (640x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 1 - -Pinnacle/Miro DC10+ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36067 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36060 MJPEG codec -* Philips saa7110a TV decoder -* Analog Devices adv7176 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, sa7110, adv7175, zr36060, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: Composite, S-video and Internal - -Norms: PAL, SECAM (768x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (640x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 2 - -Pinnacle/Miro DC10(old) -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36057 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36050 MJPEG codec -* Zoran zr36016 Video Front End or Fuji md0211 Video Front End (clone?) -* Micronas vpx3220a TV decoder -* mse3000 TV encoder or Analog Devices adv7176 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, vpx3220, mse3000/adv7175, zr36050, zr36016, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: Composite, S-video and Internal - -Norms: PAL, SECAM (768x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (640x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 0 - -Pinnacle/Miro DC30 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36057 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36050 MJPEG codec -* Zoran zr36016 Video Front End -* Micronas vpx3225d/vpx3220a/vpx3216b TV decoder -* Analog Devices adv7176 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, vpx3220/vpx3224, adv7175, zr36050, zr36016, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: Composite, S-video and Internal - -Norms: PAL, SECAM (768x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (640x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 3 - -Pinnacle/Miro DC30+ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -* Zoran zr36067 PCI controller -* Zoran zr36050 MJPEG codec -* Zoran zr36016 Video Front End -* Micronas vpx3225d/vpx3220a/vpx3216b TV decoder -* Analog Devices adv7176 TV encoder - -Drivers to use: videodev, i2c-core, i2c-algo-bit, -videocodec, vpx3220/vpx3224, adv7175, zr36050, zr36015, zr36067 - -Inputs/outputs: Composite, S-video and Internal - -Norms: PAL, SECAM (768x576 @ 25 fps), NTSC (640x480 @ 29.97 fps) - -Card number: 4 - -.. note:: - - #) No module for the mse3000 is available yet - #) No module for the vpx3224 is available yet - -1.1 What the TV decoder can do an what not ------------------------------------------- - -The best know TV standards are NTSC/PAL/SECAM. but for decoding a frame that -information is not enough. There are several formats of the TV standards. -And not every TV decoder is able to handle every format. Also the every -combination is supported by the driver. There are currently 11 different -tv broadcast formats all aver the world. - -The CCIR defines parameters needed for broadcasting the signal. -The CCIR has defined different standards: A,B,D,E,F,G,D,H,I,K,K1,L,M,N,... -The CCIR says not much about the colorsystem used !!! -And talking about a colorsystem says not to much about how it is broadcast. - -The CCIR standards A,E,F are not used any more. - -When you speak about NTSC, you usually mean the standard: CCIR - M using -the NTSC colorsystem which is used in the USA, Japan, Mexico, Canada -and a few others. - -When you talk about PAL, you usually mean: CCIR - B/G using the PAL -colorsystem which is used in many Countries. - -When you talk about SECAM, you mean: CCIR - L using the SECAM Colorsystem -which is used in France, and a few others. - -There the other version of SECAM, CCIR - D/K is used in Bulgaria, China, -Slovakai, Hungary, Korea (Rep.), Poland, Rumania and a others. - -The CCIR - H uses the PAL colorsystem (sometimes SECAM) and is used in -Egypt, Libya, Sri Lanka, Syrain Arab. Rep. - -The CCIR - I uses the PAL colorsystem, and is used in Great Britain, Hong Kong, -Ireland, Nigeria, South Africa. - -The CCIR - N uses the PAL colorsystem and PAL frame size but the NTSC framerate, -and is used in Argentinia, Uruguay, an a few others - -We do not talk about how the audio is broadcast ! - -A rather good sites about the TV standards are: -http://www.sony.jp/support/ -http://info.electronicwerkstatt.de/bereiche/fernsehtechnik/frequenzen_und_normen/Fernsehnormen/ -and http://www.cabl.com/restaurant/channel.html - -Other weird things around: NTSC 4.43 is a modificated NTSC, which is mainly -used in PAL VCR's that are able to play back NTSC. PAL 60 seems to be the same -as NTSC 4.43 . The Datasheets also talk about NTSC 44, It seems as if it would -be the same as NTSC 4.43. -NTSC Combs seems to be a decoder mode where the decoder uses a comb filter -to split coma and luma instead of a Delay line. - -But I did not defiantly find out what NTSC Comb is. - -Philips saa7111 TV decoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 1997, is used in the BUZ and -- can handle: PAL B/G/H/I, PAL N, PAL M, NTSC M, NTSC N, NTSC 4.43 and SECAM - -Philips saa7110a TV decoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 1995, is used in the Pinnacle/Miro DC10(new), DC10+ and -- can handle: PAL B/G, NTSC M and SECAM - -Philips saa7114 TV decoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 2000, is used in the LML33R10 and -- can handle: PAL B/G/D/H/I/N, PAL N, PAL M, NTSC M, NTSC 4.43 and SECAM - -Brooktree bt819 TV decoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 1996, and is used in the LML33 and -- can handle: PAL B/D/G/H/I, NTSC M - -Micronas vpx3220a TV decoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 1996, is used in the DC30 and DC30+ and -- can handle: PAL B/G/H/I, PAL N, PAL M, NTSC M, NTSC 44, PAL 60, SECAM,NTSC Comb - -Samsung ks0127 TV decoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- is used in the AVS6EYES card and -- can handle: NTSC-M/N/44, PAL-M/N/B/G/H/I/D/K/L and SECAM - - -What the TV encoder can do an what not --------------------------------------- - -The TV encoder are doing the "same" as the decoder, but in the oder direction. -You feed them digital data and the generate a Composite or SVHS signal. -For information about the colorsystems and TV norm take a look in the -TV decoder section. - -Philips saa7185 TV Encoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 1996, is used in the BUZ -- can generate: PAL B/G, NTSC M - -Brooktree bt856 TV Encoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 1994, is used in the LML33 -- can generate: PAL B/D/G/H/I/N, PAL M, NTSC M, PAL-N (Argentina) - -Analog Devices adv7170 TV Encoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 2000, is used in the LML300R10 -- can generate: PAL B/D/G/H/I/N, PAL M, NTSC M, PAL 60 - -Analog Devices adv7175 TV Encoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 1996, is used in the DC10, DC10+, DC10 old, DC30, DC30+ -- can generate: PAL B/D/G/H/I/N, PAL M, NTSC M - -ITT mse3000 TV encoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- was introduced in 1991, is used in the DC10 old -- can generate: PAL , NTSC , SECAM - -Conexant bt866 TV encoder -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- is used in AVS6EYES, and -- can generate: NTSC/PAL, PALM, PALN - -The adv717x, should be able to produce PAL N. But you find nothing PAL N -specific in the registers. Seem that you have to reuse a other standard -to generate PAL N, maybe it would work if you use the PAL M settings. - -How do I get this damn thing to work ------------------------------------- - -Load zr36067.o. If it can't autodetect your card, use the card=X insmod -option with X being the card number as given in the previous section. -To have more than one card, use card=X1[,X2[,X3,[X4[..]]]] - -To automate this, add the following to your /etc/modprobe.d/zoran.conf: - -options zr36067 card=X1[,X2[,X3[,X4[..]]]] -alias char-major-81-0 zr36067 - -One thing to keep in mind is that this doesn't load zr36067.o itself yet. It -just automates loading. If you start using xawtv, the device won't load on -some systems, since you're trying to load modules as a user, which is not -allowed ("permission denied"). A quick workaround is to add 'Load "v4l"' to -XF86Config-4 when you use X by default, or to run 'v4l-conf -c <device>' in -one of your startup scripts (normally rc.local) if you don't use X. Both -make sure that the modules are loaded on startup, under the root account. - -What mainboard should I use (or why doesn't my card work) ---------------------------------------------------------- - - -<insert lousy disclaimer here>. In short: good=SiS/Intel, bad=VIA. - -Experience tells us that people with a Buz, on average, have more problems -than users with a DC10+/LML33. Also, it tells us that people owning a VIA- -based mainboard (ktXXX, MVP3) have more problems than users with a mainboard -based on a different chipset. Here's some notes from Andrew Stevens: - -Here's my experience of using LML33 and Buz on various motherboards: - -- VIA MVP3 - - Forget it. Pointless. Doesn't work. -- Intel 430FX (Pentium 200) - - LML33 perfect, Buz tolerable (3 or 4 frames dropped per movie) -- Intel 440BX (early stepping) - - LML33 tolerable. Buz starting to get annoying (6-10 frames/hour) -- Intel 440BX (late stepping) - - Buz tolerable, LML3 almost perfect (occasional single frame drops) -- SiS735 - - LML33 perfect, Buz tolerable. -- VIA KT133(*) - - LML33 starting to get annoying, Buz poor enough that I have up. - -- Both 440BX boards were dual CPU versions. - -Bernhard Praschinger later added: - -- AMD 751 - - Buz perfect-tolerable -- AMD 760 - - Buz perfect-tolerable - -In general, people on the user mailinglist won't give you much of a chance -if you have a VIA-based motherboard. They may be cheap, but sometimes, you'd -rather want to spend some more money on better boards. In general, VIA -mainboard's IDE/PCI performance will also suck badly compared to others. -You'll noticed the DC10+/DC30+ aren't mentioned anywhere in the overview. -Basically, you can assume that if the Buz works, the LML33 will work too. If -the LML33 works, the DC10+/DC30+ will work too. They're most tolerant to -different mainboard chipsets from all of the supported cards. - -If you experience timeouts during capture, buy a better mainboard or lower -the quality/buffersize during capture (see 'Concerning buffer sizes, quality, -output size etc.'). If it hangs, there's little we can do as of now. Check -your IRQs and make sure the card has its own interrupts. - -Programming interface ---------------------- - -This driver conforms to video4linux2. Support for V4L1 and for the custom -zoran ioctls has been removed in kernel 2.6.38. - -For programming example, please, look at lavrec.c and lavplay.c code in -the MJPEG-tools (http://mjpeg.sf.net/). - -Additional notes for software developers: - - The driver returns maxwidth and maxheight parameters according to - the current TV standard (norm). Therefore, the software which - communicates with the driver and "asks" for these parameters should - first set the correct norm. Well, it seems logically correct: TV - standard is "more constant" for current country than geometry - settings of a variety of TV capture cards which may work in ITU or - square pixel format. - -Applications ------------- - -Applications known to work with this driver: - -TV viewing: - -* xawtv -* kwintv -* probably any TV application that supports video4linux or video4linux2. - -MJPEG capture/playback: - -* mjpegtools/lavtools (or Linux Video Studio) -* gstreamer -* mplayer - -General raw capture: - -* xawtv -* gstreamer -* probably any application that supports video4linux or video4linux2 - -Video editing: - -* Cinelerra -* MainActor -* mjpegtools (or Linux Video Studio) - - -Concerning buffer sizes, quality, output size etc. --------------------------------------------------- - - -The zr36060 can do 1:2 JPEG compression. This is really the theoretical -maximum that the chipset can reach. The driver can, however, limit compression -to a maximum (size) of 1:4. The reason for this is that some cards (e.g. Buz) -can't handle 1:2 compression without stopping capture after only a few minutes. -With 1:4, it'll mostly work. If you have a Buz, use 'low_bitrate=1' to go into -1:4 max. compression mode. - -100% JPEG quality is thus 1:2 compression in practice. So for a full PAL frame -(size 720x576). The JPEG fields are stored in YUY2 format, so the size of the -fields are 720x288x16/2 bits/field (2 fields/frame) = 207360 bytes/field x 2 = -414720 bytes/frame (add some more bytes for headers and DHT (huffman)/DQT -(quantization) tables, and you'll get to something like 512kB per frame for -1:2 compression. For 1:4 compression, you'd have frames of half this size. - -Some additional explanation by Martin Samuelsson, which also explains the -importance of buffer sizes: --- -> Hmm, I do not think it is really that way. With the current (downloaded -> at 18:00 Monday) driver I get that output sizes for 10 sec: -> -q 50 -b 128 : 24.283.332 Bytes -> -q 50 -b 256 : 48.442.368 -> -q 25 -b 128 : 24.655.992 -> -q 25 -b 256 : 25.859.820 - -I woke up, and can't go to sleep again. I'll kill some time explaining why -this doesn't look strange to me. - -Let's do some math using a width of 704 pixels. I'm not sure whether the Buz -actually use that number or not, but that's not too important right now. - -704x288 pixels, one field, is 202752 pixels. Divided by 64 pixels per block; -3168 blocks per field. Each pixel consist of two bytes; 128 bytes per block; -1024 bits per block. 100% in the new driver mean 1:2 compression; the maximum -output becomes 512 bits per block. Actually 510, but 512 is simpler to use -for calculations. - -Let's say that we specify d1q50. We thus want 256 bits per block; times 3168 -becomes 811008 bits; 101376 bytes per field. We're talking raw bits and bytes -here, so we don't need to do any fancy corrections for bits-per-pixel or such -things. 101376 bytes per field. - -d1 video contains two fields per frame. Those sum up to 202752 bytes per -frame, and one of those frames goes into each buffer. - -But wait a second! -b128 gives 128kB buffers! It's not possible to cram -202752 bytes of JPEG data into 128kB! - -This is what the driver notice and automatically compensate for in your -examples. Let's do some math using this information: - -128kB is 131072 bytes. In this buffer, we want to store two fields, which -leaves 65536 bytes for each field. Using 3168 blocks per field, we get -20.68686868... available bytes per block; 165 bits. We can't allow the -request for 256 bits per block when there's only 165 bits available! The -q50 -option is silently overridden, and the -b128 option takes precedence, leaving -us with the equivalence of -q32. - -This gives us a data rate of 165 bits per block, which, times 3168, sums up -to 65340 bytes per field, out of the allowed 65536. The current driver has -another level of rate limiting; it won't accept -q values that fill more than -6/8 of the specified buffers. (I'm not sure why. "Playing it safe" seem to be -a safe bet. Personally, I think I would have lowered requested-bits-per-block -by one, or something like that.) We can't use 165 bits per block, but have to -lower it again, to 6/8 of the available buffer space: We end up with 124 bits -per block, the equivalence of -q24. With 128kB buffers, you can't use greater -than -q24 at -d1. (And PAL, and 704 pixels width...) - -The third example is limited to -q24 through the same process. The second -example, using very similar calculations, is limited to -q48. The only -example that actually grab at the specified -q value is the last one, which -is clearly visible, looking at the file size. --- - -Conclusion: the quality of the resulting movie depends on buffer size, quality, -whether or not you use 'low_bitrate=1' as insmod option for the zr36060.c -module to do 1:4 instead of 1:2 compression, etc. - -If you experience timeouts, lowering the quality/buffersize or using -'low_bitrate=1 as insmod option for zr36060.o might actually help, as is -proven by the Buz. - -It hangs/crashes/fails/whatevers! Help! ---------------------------------------- - -Make sure that the card has its own interrupts (see /proc/interrupts), check -the output of dmesg at high verbosity (load zr36067.o with debug=2, -load all other modules with debug=1). Check that your mainboard is favorable -(see question 2) and if not, test the card in another computer. Also see the -notes given in question 3 and try lowering quality/buffersize/capturesize -if recording fails after a period of time. - -If all this doesn't help, give a clear description of the problem including -detailed hardware information (memory+brand, mainboard+chipset+brand, which -MJPEG card, processor, other PCI cards that might be of interest), give the -system PnP information (/proc/interrupts, /proc/dma, /proc/devices), and give -the kernel version, driver version, glibc version, gcc version and any other -information that might possibly be of interest. Also provide the dmesg output -at high verbosity. See 'Contacting' on how to contact the developers. - -Maintainers/Contacting ----------------------- - -The driver is currently maintained by Laurent Pinchart and Ronald Bultje -(<laurent.pinchart@skynet.be> and <rbultje@ronald.bitfreak.net>). For bug -reports or questions, please contact the mailinglist instead of the developers -individually. For user questions (i.e. bug reports or how-to questions), send -an email to <mjpeg-users@lists.sf.net>, for developers (i.e. if you want to -help programming), send an email to <mjpeg-developer@lists.sf.net>. See -http://www.sf.net/projects/mjpeg/ for subscription information. - -For bug reports, be sure to include all the information as described in -the section 'It hangs/crashes/fails/whatevers! Help!'. Please make sure -you're using the latest version (http://mjpeg.sf.net/driver-zoran/). - -Previous maintainers/developers of this driver include Serguei Miridonov -<mirsev@cicese.mx>, Wolfgang Scherr <scherr@net4you.net>, Dave Perks -<dperks@ibm.net> and Rainer Johanni <Rainer@Johanni.de>. - -Driver's License ----------------- - - This driver is distributed under the terms of the General Public License. - - This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - -See http://www.gnu.org/ for more information. |