Merge branch 'for-next' into for-linus

189 files changed, 7373 insertions, 5428 deletions

diff --git a/sound/aoa/codecs/onyx.c b/sound/aoa/codecs/onyx.c
index 401107b85d30..23c371ecfb6b 100644
--- a/sound/aoa/codecs/onyx.c
+++ b/sound/aoa/codecs/onyx.c
@@ -243,13 +243,7 @@ static int onyx_snd_capture_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 {
 	static const char * const texts[] = { "Line-In", "Microphone" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int onyx_snd_capture_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/aoa/codecs/tas.c b/sound/aoa/codecs/tas.c
index cf3c6303b7e3..364c7c4416e8 100644
--- a/sound/aoa/codecs/tas.c
+++ b/sound/aoa/codecs/tas.c
@@ -478,15 +478,9 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new drc_switch_control = {
 static int tas_snd_capture_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = { "Line-In", "Microphone" };
+	static const char * const texts[] = { "Line-In", "Microphone" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int tas_snd_capture_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus/core.c b/sound/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus/core.c
index a80d5ea87ccd..4e2b4fbf2496 100644
--- a/sound/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus/core.c
+++ b/sound/aoa/soundbus/i2sbus/core.c
@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ static void i2sbus_release_dev(struct device *dev)
  	if (i2sdev->out.dbdma) iounmap(i2sdev->out.dbdma);
  	if (i2sdev->in.dbdma) iounmap(i2sdev->in.dbdma);
 	for (i = aoa_resource_i2smmio; i <= aoa_resource_rxdbdma; i++)
-		if (i2sdev->allocated_resource[i])
-			release_and_free_resource(i2sdev->allocated_resource[i]);
+		release_and_free_resource(i2sdev->allocated_resource[i]);
 	free_dbdma_descriptor_ring(i2sdev, &i2sdev->out.dbdma_ring);
 	free_dbdma_descriptor_ring(i2sdev, &i2sdev->in.dbdma_ring);
 	for (i = aoa_resource_i2smmio; i <= aoa_resource_rxdbdma; i++)
@@ -323,8 +322,7 @@ static int i2sbus_add_dev(struct macio_dev *macio,
 	if (dev->out.dbdma) iounmap(dev->out.dbdma);
 	if (dev->in.dbdma) iounmap(dev->in.dbdma);
 	for (i=0;i<3;i++)
-		if (dev->allocated_resource[i])
-			release_and_free_resource(dev->allocated_resource[i]);
+		release_and_free_resource(dev->allocated_resource[i]);
 	mutex_destroy(&dev->lock);
 	kfree(dev);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/arm/pxa2xx-pcm-lib.c b/sound/arm/pxa2xx-pcm-lib.c
index a61d7a9a995e..01f8fdc42b1b 100644
--- a/sound/arm/pxa2xx-pcm-lib.c
+++ b/sound/arm/pxa2xx-pcm-lib.c
@@ -200,9 +200,7 @@ void pxa2xx_pcm_dma_irq(int dma_ch, void *dev_id)
 	} else {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "DMA error on channel %d (DCSR=%#x)\n",
 			dma_ch, dcsr);
-		snd_pcm_stream_lock(substream);
-		snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		snd_pcm_stream_unlock(substream);
+		snd_pcm_stop_xrun(substream);
 	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pxa2xx_pcm_dma_irq);
diff --git a/sound/atmel/abdac.c b/sound/atmel/abdac.c
index 31061e3521d4..023140504104 100644
--- a/sound/atmel/abdac.c
+++ b/sound/atmel/abdac.c
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ static int atmel_abdac_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE: /* fall through */
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME: /* fall through */
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-		clk_enable(dac->sample_clk);
+		clk_prepare_enable(dac->sample_clk);
 		retval = dw_dma_cyclic_start(dac->dma.chan);
 		if (retval)
 			goto out;
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ static int atmel_abdac_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
 		dw_dma_cyclic_stop(dac->dma.chan);
 		dac_writel(dac, DATA, 0);
 		dac_writel(dac, CTRL, 0);
-		clk_disable(dac->sample_clk);
+		clk_disable_unprepare(dac->sample_clk);
 		break;
 	default:
 		retval = -EINVAL;
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ static int atmel_abdac_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 		retval = PTR_ERR(sample_clk);
 		goto out_put_pclk;
 	}
-	clk_enable(pclk);
+	clk_prepare_enable(pclk);
 
 	retval = snd_card_new(&pdev->dev, SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1,
 			      SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1, THIS_MODULE,
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ out_free_card:
 	snd_card_free(card);
 out_put_sample_clk:
 	clk_put(sample_clk);
-	clk_disable(pclk);
+	clk_disable_unprepare(pclk);
 out_put_pclk:
 	clk_put(pclk);
 	return retval;
@@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ static int atmel_abdac_suspend(struct device *pdev)
 	struct atmel_abdac *dac = card->private_data;
 
 	dw_dma_cyclic_stop(dac->dma.chan);
-	clk_disable(dac->sample_clk);
-	clk_disable(dac->pclk);
+	clk_disable_unprepare(dac->sample_clk);
+	clk_disable_unprepare(dac->pclk);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -552,8 +552,8 @@ static int atmel_abdac_resume(struct device *pdev)
 	struct snd_card *card = dev_get_drvdata(pdev);
 	struct atmel_abdac *dac = card->private_data;
 
-	clk_enable(dac->pclk);
-	clk_enable(dac->sample_clk);
+	clk_prepare_enable(dac->pclk);
+	clk_prepare_enable(dac->sample_clk);
 	if (test_bit(DMA_READY, &dac->flags))
 		dw_dma_cyclic_start(dac->dma.chan);
 
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ static int atmel_abdac_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
 	struct atmel_abdac *dac = get_dac(card);
 
 	clk_put(dac->sample_clk);
-	clk_disable(dac->pclk);
+	clk_disable_unprepare(dac->pclk);
 	clk_put(dac->pclk);
 
 	dma_release_channel(dac->dma.chan);
diff --git a/sound/atmel/ac97c.c b/sound/atmel/ac97c.c
index b59427d5a697..cb44c74c9702 100644
--- a/sound/atmel/ac97c.c
+++ b/sound/atmel/ac97c.c
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ static int atmel_ac97c_pcm_new(struct atmel_ac97c *chip)
 			return err;
 	}
 	retval = snd_pcm_new(chip->card, chip->card->shortname,
-			chip->pdev->id, playback, capture, &pcm);
+			0, playback, capture, &pcm);
 	if (retval)
 		return retval;
 
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ static int atmel_ac97c_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 		dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "no peripheral clock\n");
 		return PTR_ERR(pclk);
 	}
-	clk_enable(pclk);
+	clk_prepare_enable(pclk);
 
 	retval = snd_card_new(&pdev->dev, SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1,
 			      SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1, THIS_MODULE,
@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ err_ioremap:
 err_request_irq:
 	snd_card_free(card);
 err_snd_card_new:
-	clk_disable(pclk);
+	clk_disable_unprepare(pclk);
 	clk_put(pclk);
 	return retval;
 }
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ static int atmel_ac97c_suspend(struct device *pdev)
 		if (test_bit(DMA_TX_READY, &chip->flags))
 			dw_dma_cyclic_stop(chip->dma.tx_chan);
 	}
-	clk_disable(chip->pclk);
+	clk_disable_unprepare(chip->pclk);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@ static int atmel_ac97c_resume(struct device *pdev)
 	struct snd_card *card = dev_get_drvdata(pdev);
 	struct atmel_ac97c *chip = card->private_data;
 
-	clk_enable(chip->pclk);
+	clk_prepare_enable(chip->pclk);
 	if (cpu_is_at32ap7000()) {
 		if (test_bit(DMA_RX_READY, &chip->flags))
 			dw_dma_cyclic_start(chip->dma.rx_chan);
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ static int atmel_ac97c_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
 	ac97c_writel(chip, COMR, 0);
 	ac97c_writel(chip, MR,   0);
 
-	clk_disable(chip->pclk);
+	clk_disable_unprepare(chip->pclk);
 	clk_put(chip->pclk);
 	iounmap(chip->regs);
 	free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
diff --git a/sound/core/Makefile b/sound/core/Makefile
index 394a38909f6b..4daf2f58261c 100644
--- a/sound/core/Makefile
+++ b/sound/core/Makefile
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ snd-pcm-y := pcm.o pcm_native.o pcm_lib.o pcm_timer.o pcm_misc.o \
 		pcm_memory.o memalloc.o
 snd-pcm-$(CONFIG_SND_DMA_SGBUF) += sgbuf.o
 
+# for trace-points
+CFLAGS_pcm_lib.o := -I$(src)
+
 snd-pcm-dmaengine-objs := pcm_dmaengine.o
 
 snd-rawmidi-objs  := rawmidi.o
diff --git a/sound/core/control.c b/sound/core/control.c
index b9611344ff9e..bb96a467e88d 100644
--- a/sound/core/control.c
+++ b/sound/core/control.c
@@ -141,6 +141,16 @@ static int snd_ctl_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_ctl_notify - Send notification to user-space for a control change
+ * @card: the card to send notification
+ * @mask: the event mask, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_*
+ * @id: the ctl element id to send notification
+ *
+ * This function adds an event record with the given id and mask, appends
+ * to the list and wakes up the user-space for notification.  This can be
+ * called in the atomic context.
+ */
 void snd_ctl_notify(struct snd_card *card, unsigned int mask,
 		    struct snd_ctl_elem_id *id)
 {
@@ -179,7 +189,6 @@ void snd_ctl_notify(struct snd_card *card, unsigned int mask,
 	}
 	read_unlock(&card->ctl_files_rwlock);
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_notify);
 
 /**
@@ -261,7 +270,6 @@ struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ctl_new1(const struct snd_kcontrol_new *ncontrol,
 	kctl.private_data = private_data;
 	return snd_ctl_new(&kctl, access);
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_new1);
 
 /**
@@ -280,7 +288,6 @@ void snd_ctl_free_one(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
 		kfree(kcontrol);
 	}
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_free_one);
 
 static bool snd_ctl_remove_numid_conflict(struct snd_card *card,
@@ -376,7 +383,6 @@ int snd_ctl_add(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
 	snd_ctl_free_one(kcontrol);
 	return err;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_add);
 
 /**
@@ -471,7 +477,6 @@ int snd_ctl_remove(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
 	snd_ctl_free_one(kcontrol);
 	return 0;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_remove);
 
 /**
@@ -499,7 +504,6 @@ int snd_ctl_remove_id(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_ctl_elem_id *id)
 	up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
 	return ret;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_remove_id);
 
 /**
@@ -568,7 +572,7 @@ int snd_ctl_activate_id(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_ctl_elem_id *id,
 		ret = -ENOENT;
 		goto unlock;
 	}
-	index_offset = snd_ctl_get_ioff(kctl, &kctl->id);
+	index_offset = snd_ctl_get_ioff(kctl, id);
 	vd = &kctl->vd[index_offset];
 	ret = 0;
 	if (active) {
@@ -617,7 +621,6 @@ int snd_ctl_rename_id(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_ctl_elem_id *src_id,
 	up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
 	return 0;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_rename_id);
 
 /**
@@ -645,7 +648,6 @@ struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ctl_find_numid(struct snd_card *card, unsigned int numi
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_find_numid);
 
 /**
@@ -687,7 +689,6 @@ struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ctl_find_id(struct snd_card *card,
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_find_id);
 
 static int snd_ctl_card_info(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_ctl_file * ctl,
@@ -1526,19 +1527,28 @@ static int _snd_ctl_register_ioctl(snd_kctl_ioctl_func_t fcn, struct list_head *
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_ctl_register_ioctl - register the device-specific control-ioctls
+ * @fcn: ioctl callback function
+ *
+ * called from each device manager like pcm.c, hwdep.c, etc.
+ */
 int snd_ctl_register_ioctl(snd_kctl_ioctl_func_t fcn)
 {
 	return _snd_ctl_register_ioctl(fcn, &snd_control_ioctls);
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_register_ioctl);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+/**
+ * snd_ctl_register_ioctl_compat - register the device-specific 32bit compat
+ * control-ioctls
+ * @fcn: ioctl callback function
+ */
 int snd_ctl_register_ioctl_compat(snd_kctl_ioctl_func_t fcn)
 {
 	return _snd_ctl_register_ioctl(fcn, &snd_control_compat_ioctls);
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_register_ioctl_compat);
 #endif
 
@@ -1566,19 +1576,26 @@ static int _snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl(snd_kctl_ioctl_func_t fcn,
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl - de-register the device-specific control-ioctls
+ * @fcn: ioctl callback function to unregister
+ */
 int snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl(snd_kctl_ioctl_func_t fcn)
 {
 	return _snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl(fcn, &snd_control_ioctls);
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+/**
+ * snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl - de-register the device-specific compat 32bit
+ * control-ioctls
+ * @fcn: ioctl callback function to unregister
+ */
 int snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl_compat(snd_kctl_ioctl_func_t fcn)
 {
 	return _snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl(fcn, &snd_control_compat_ioctls);
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_unregister_ioctl_compat);
 #endif
 
@@ -1702,6 +1719,16 @@ int snd_ctl_create(struct snd_card *card)
 /*
  * Frequently used control callbacks/helpers
  */
+
+/**
+ * snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info - Helper function for a standard boolean info
+ * callback with a mono channel
+ * @kcontrol: the kcontrol instance
+ * @uinfo: info to store
+ *
+ * This is a function that can be used as info callback for a standard
+ * boolean control with a single mono channel.
+ */
 int snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			      struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
@@ -1711,9 +1738,17 @@ int snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info);
 
+/**
+ * snd_ctl_boolean_stereo_info - Helper function for a standard boolean info
+ * callback with stereo two channels
+ * @kcontrol: the kcontrol instance
+ * @uinfo: info to store
+ *
+ * This is a function that can be used as info callback for a standard
+ * boolean control with stereo two channels.
+ */
 int snd_ctl_boolean_stereo_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
@@ -1723,7 +1758,6 @@ int snd_ctl_boolean_stereo_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_boolean_stereo_info);
 
 /**
@@ -1745,8 +1779,13 @@ int snd_ctl_enum_info(struct snd_ctl_elem_info *info, unsigned int channels,
 	info->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
 	info->count = channels;
 	info->value.enumerated.items = items;
+	if (!items)
+		return 0;
 	if (info->value.enumerated.item >= items)
 		info->value.enumerated.item = items - 1;
+	WARN(strlen(names[info->value.enumerated.item]) >= sizeof(info->value.enumerated.name),
+	     "ALSA: too long item name '%s'\n",
+	     names[info->value.enumerated.item]);
 	strlcpy(info->value.enumerated.name,
 		names[info->value.enumerated.item],
 		sizeof(info->value.enumerated.name));
diff --git a/sound/core/init.c b/sound/core/init.c
index 7bdfd19e24a8..074875d68c15 100644
--- a/sound/core/init.c
+++ b/sound/core/init.c
@@ -438,17 +438,6 @@ int snd_card_disconnect(struct snd_card *card)
 
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_disconnect);
 
-/**
- *  snd_card_free - frees given soundcard structure
- *  @card: soundcard structure
- *
- *  This function releases the soundcard structure and the all assigned
- *  devices automatically.  That is, you don't have to release the devices
- *  by yourself.
- *
- *  Return: Zero. Frees all associated devices and frees the control
- *  interface associated to given soundcard.
- */
 static int snd_card_do_free(struct snd_card *card)
 {
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_MIXER_OSS)
@@ -469,6 +458,15 @@ static int snd_card_do_free(struct snd_card *card)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_card_free_when_closed - Disconnect the card, free it later eventually
+ * @card: soundcard structure
+ *
+ * Unlike snd_card_free(), this function doesn't try to release the card
+ * resource immediately, but tries to disconnect at first.  When the card
+ * is still in use, the function returns before freeing the resources.
+ * The card resources will be freed when the refcount gets to zero.
+ */
 int snd_card_free_when_closed(struct snd_card *card)
 {
 	int ret = snd_card_disconnect(card);
@@ -479,6 +477,19 @@ int snd_card_free_when_closed(struct snd_card *card)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_card_free_when_closed);
 
+/**
+ * snd_card_free - frees given soundcard structure
+ * @card: soundcard structure
+ *
+ * This function releases the soundcard structure and the all assigned
+ * devices automatically.  That is, you don't have to release the devices
+ * by yourself.
+ *
+ * This function waits until the all resources are properly released.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero. Frees all associated devices and frees the control
+ * interface associated to given soundcard.
+ */
 int snd_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 {
 	struct completion released;
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm.c b/sound/core/pcm.c
index c6ff94ab1ad6..cfc56c806964 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm.c
@@ -220,6 +220,10 @@ static char *snd_pcm_format_names[] = {
 	FORMAT(DSD_U32_BE),
 };
 
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_name - Return a name string for the given PCM format
+ * @format: PCM format
+ */
 const char *snd_pcm_format_name(snd_pcm_format_t format)
 {
 	if ((__force unsigned int)format >= ARRAY_SIZE(snd_pcm_format_names))
@@ -481,6 +485,19 @@ static void snd_pcm_substream_proc_status_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
+static void snd_pcm_xrun_injection_write(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
+					 struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = entry->private_data;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+
+	snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+	runtime = substream->runtime;
+	if (runtime && runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
+		snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+	snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+}
+
 static void snd_pcm_xrun_debug_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 				    struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 {
@@ -612,6 +629,22 @@ static int snd_pcm_substream_proc_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	}
 	substream->proc_status_entry = entry;
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
+	entry = snd_info_create_card_entry(card, "xrun_injection",
+					   substream->proc_root);
+	if (entry) {
+		entry->private_data = substream;
+		entry->c.text.read = NULL;
+		entry->c.text.write = snd_pcm_xrun_injection_write;
+		entry->mode = S_IFREG | S_IWUSR;
+		if (snd_info_register(entry) < 0) {
+			snd_info_free_entry(entry);
+			entry = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	substream->proc_xrun_injection_entry = entry;
+#endif /* CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG */
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -625,6 +658,10 @@ static int snd_pcm_substream_proc_done(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	substream->proc_sw_params_entry = NULL;
 	snd_info_free_entry(substream->proc_status_entry);
 	substream->proc_status_entry = NULL;
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
+	snd_info_free_entry(substream->proc_xrun_injection_entry);
+	substream->proc_xrun_injection_entry = NULL;
+#endif
 	snd_info_free_entry(substream->proc_root);
 	substream->proc_root = NULL;
 	return 0;
@@ -709,7 +746,6 @@ int snd_pcm_new_stream(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream, int substream_count)
 	}
 	return 0;
 }				
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_new_stream);
 
 static int _snd_pcm_new(struct snd_card *card, const char *id, int device,
@@ -1157,6 +1193,15 @@ static int snd_pcm_dev_disconnect(struct snd_device *device)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_notify - Add/remove the notify list
+ * @notify: PCM notify list
+ * @nfree: 0 = register, 1 = unregister
+ *
+ * This adds the given notifier to the global list so that the callback is
+ * called for each registered PCM devices.  This exists only for PCM OSS
+ * emulation, so far.
+ */
 int snd_pcm_notify(struct snd_pcm_notify *notify, int nfree)
 {
 	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
@@ -1179,7 +1224,6 @@ int snd_pcm_notify(struct snd_pcm_notify *notify, int nfree)
 	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
 	return 0;
 }
-
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_notify);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_lib.c b/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
index dfc28542a007..ec9e7866177f 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_lib.c
@@ -32,6 +32,15 @@
 #include <sound/pcm_params.h>
 #include <sound/timer.h>
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include "pcm_trace.h"
+#else
+#define trace_hwptr(substream, pos, in_interrupt)
+#define trace_xrun(substream)
+#define trace_hw_ptr_error(substream, reason)
+#endif
+
 /*
  * fill ring buffer with silence
  * runtime->silence_start: starting pointer to silence area
@@ -146,10 +155,6 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_debug_name);
 #define XRUN_DEBUG_BASIC	(1<<0)
 #define XRUN_DEBUG_STACK	(1<<1)	/* dump also stack */
 #define XRUN_DEBUG_JIFFIESCHECK	(1<<2)	/* do jiffies check */
-#define XRUN_DEBUG_PERIODUPDATE	(1<<3)	/* full period update info */
-#define XRUN_DEBUG_HWPTRUPDATE	(1<<4)	/* full hwptr update info */
-#define XRUN_DEBUG_LOG		(1<<5)	/* show last 10 positions on err */
-#define XRUN_DEBUG_LOGONCE	(1<<6)	/* do above only once */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
 
@@ -168,6 +173,7 @@ static void xrun(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 
+	trace_xrun(substream);
 	if (runtime->tstamp_mode == SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE)
 		snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, (struct timespec *)&runtime->status->tstamp);
 	snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
@@ -180,97 +186,19 @@ static void xrun(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
-#define hw_ptr_error(substream, fmt, args...)				\
+#define hw_ptr_error(substream, in_interrupt, reason, fmt, args...)	\
 	do {								\
+		trace_hw_ptr_error(substream, reason);	\
 		if (xrun_debug(substream, XRUN_DEBUG_BASIC)) {		\
-			xrun_log_show(substream);			\
-			pr_err_ratelimited("ALSA: PCM: " fmt, ##args);	\
+			pr_err_ratelimited("ALSA: PCM: [%c] " reason ": " fmt, \
+					   (in_interrupt) ? 'Q' : 'P', ##args);	\
 			dump_stack_on_xrun(substream);			\
 		}							\
 	} while (0)
 
-#define XRUN_LOG_CNT	10
-
-struct hwptr_log_entry {
-	unsigned int in_interrupt;
-	unsigned long jiffies;
-	snd_pcm_uframes_t pos;
-	snd_pcm_uframes_t period_size;
-	snd_pcm_uframes_t buffer_size;
-	snd_pcm_uframes_t old_hw_ptr;
-	snd_pcm_uframes_t hw_ptr_base;
-};
-
-struct snd_pcm_hwptr_log {
-	unsigned int idx;
-	unsigned int hit: 1;
-	struct hwptr_log_entry entries[XRUN_LOG_CNT];
-};
-
-static void xrun_log(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-		     snd_pcm_uframes_t pos, int in_interrupt)
-{
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
-	struct snd_pcm_hwptr_log *log = runtime->hwptr_log;
-	struct hwptr_log_entry *entry;
-
-	if (log == NULL) {
-		log = kzalloc(sizeof(*log), GFP_ATOMIC);
-		if (log == NULL)
-			return;
-		runtime->hwptr_log = log;
-	} else {
-		if (xrun_debug(substream, XRUN_DEBUG_LOGONCE) && log->hit)
-			return;
-	}
-	entry = &log->entries[log->idx];
-	entry->in_interrupt = in_interrupt;
-	entry->jiffies = jiffies;
-	entry->pos = pos;
-	entry->period_size = runtime->period_size;
-	entry->buffer_size = runtime->buffer_size;
-	entry->old_hw_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
-	entry->hw_ptr_base = runtime->hw_ptr_base;
-	log->idx = (log->idx + 1) % XRUN_LOG_CNT;
-}
-
-static void xrun_log_show(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_pcm_hwptr_log *log = substream->runtime->hwptr_log;
-	struct hwptr_log_entry *entry;
-	char name[16];
-	unsigned int idx;
-	int cnt;
-
-	if (log == NULL)
-		return;
-	if (xrun_debug(substream, XRUN_DEBUG_LOGONCE) && log->hit)
-		return;
-	snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
-	for (cnt = 0, idx = log->idx; cnt < XRUN_LOG_CNT; cnt++) {
-		entry = &log->entries[idx];
-		if (entry->period_size == 0)
-			break;
-		pr_info("hwptr log: %s: %sj=%lu, pos=%ld/%ld/%ld, "
-			   "hwptr=%ld/%ld\n",
-			   name, entry->in_interrupt ? "[Q] " : "",
-			   entry->jiffies,
-			   (unsigned long)entry->pos,
-			   (unsigned long)entry->period_size,
-			   (unsigned long)entry->buffer_size,
-			   (unsigned long)entry->old_hw_ptr,
-			   (unsigned long)entry->hw_ptr_base);
-		idx++;
-		idx %= XRUN_LOG_CNT;
-	}
-	log->hit = 1;
-}
-
 #else /* ! CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG */
 
 #define hw_ptr_error(substream, fmt, args...) do { } while (0)
-#define xrun_log(substream, pos, in_interrupt)	do { } while (0)
-#define xrun_log_show(substream)	do { } while (0)
 
 #endif
 
@@ -343,17 +271,15 @@ static int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr0(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		if (printk_ratelimit()) {
 			char name[16];
 			snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
-			xrun_log_show(substream);
 			pcm_err(substream->pcm,
-				"XRUN: %s, pos = %ld, buffer size = %ld, period size = %ld\n",
+				"BUG: %s, pos = %ld, buffer size = %ld, period size = %ld\n",
 				name, pos, runtime->buffer_size,
 				runtime->period_size);
 		}
 		pos = 0;
 	}
 	pos -= pos % runtime->min_align;
-	if (xrun_debug(substream, XRUN_DEBUG_LOG))
-		xrun_log(substream, pos, in_interrupt);
+	trace_hwptr(substream, pos, in_interrupt);
 	hw_base = runtime->hw_ptr_base;
 	new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
 	if (in_interrupt) {
@@ -388,22 +314,6 @@ static int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr0(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	delta = new_hw_ptr - old_hw_ptr;
 	if (delta < 0)
 		delta += runtime->boundary;
-	if (xrun_debug(substream, in_interrupt ?
-			XRUN_DEBUG_PERIODUPDATE : XRUN_DEBUG_HWPTRUPDATE)) {
-		char name[16];
-		snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
-		pcm_dbg(substream->pcm,
-			"%s_update: %s: pos=%u/%u/%u, hwptr=%ld/%ld/%ld/%ld\n",
-			   in_interrupt ? "period" : "hwptr",
-			   name,
-			   (unsigned int)pos,
-			   (unsigned int)runtime->period_size,
-			   (unsigned int)runtime->buffer_size,
-			   (unsigned long)delta,
-			   (unsigned long)old_hw_ptr,
-			   (unsigned long)new_hw_ptr,
-			   (unsigned long)runtime->hw_ptr_base);
-	}
 
 	if (runtime->no_period_wakeup) {
 		snd_pcm_sframes_t xrun_threshold;
@@ -431,13 +341,10 @@ static int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr0(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 
 	/* something must be really wrong */
 	if (delta >= runtime->buffer_size + runtime->period_size) {
-		hw_ptr_error(substream,
-			       "Unexpected hw_pointer value %s"
-			       "(stream=%i, pos=%ld, new_hw_ptr=%ld, "
-			       "old_hw_ptr=%ld)\n",
-				     in_interrupt ? "[Q] " : "[P]",
-				     substream->stream, (long)pos,
-				     (long)new_hw_ptr, (long)old_hw_ptr);
+		hw_ptr_error(substream, in_interrupt, "Unexpected hw_ptr",
+			     "(stream=%i, pos=%ld, new_hw_ptr=%ld, old_hw_ptr=%ld)\n",
+			     substream->stream, (long)pos,
+			     (long)new_hw_ptr, (long)old_hw_ptr);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -474,11 +381,8 @@ static int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr0(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			delta--;
 		}
 		/* align hw_base to buffer_size */
-		hw_ptr_error(substream,
-			     "hw_ptr skipping! %s"
-			     "(pos=%ld, delta=%ld, period=%ld, "
-			     "jdelta=%lu/%lu/%lu, hw_ptr=%ld/%ld)\n",
-			     in_interrupt ? "[Q] " : "",
+		hw_ptr_error(substream, in_interrupt, "hw_ptr skipping",
+			     "(pos=%ld, delta=%ld, period=%ld, jdelta=%lu/%lu/%lu, hw_ptr=%ld/%ld)\n",
 			     (long)pos, (long)hdelta,
 			     (long)runtime->period_size, jdelta,
 			     ((hdelta * HZ) / runtime->rate), hw_base,
@@ -490,11 +394,9 @@ static int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr0(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	}
  no_jiffies_check:
 	if (delta > runtime->period_size + runtime->period_size / 2) {
-		hw_ptr_error(substream,
-			     "Lost interrupts? %s"
-			     "(stream=%i, delta=%ld, new_hw_ptr=%ld, "
-			     "old_hw_ptr=%ld)\n",
-			     in_interrupt ? "[Q] " : "",
+		hw_ptr_error(substream, in_interrupt,
+			     "Lost interrupts?",
+			     "(stream=%i, delta=%ld, new_hw_ptr=%ld, old_hw_ptr=%ld)\n",
 			     substream->stream, (long)delta,
 			     (long)new_hw_ptr,
 			     (long)old_hw_ptr);
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_native.c b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
index 166d59cdc86b..095d9572ad2b 100644
--- a/sound/core/pcm_native.c
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_native.c
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@
 #include <sound/timer.h>
 #include <sound/minors.h>
 #include <asm/io.h>
-#if defined(CONFIG_MIPS) && defined(CONFIG_DMA_NONCOHERENT)
-#include <dma-coherence.h>
-#endif
 
 /*
  *  Compatibility
@@ -77,6 +74,14 @@ static int snd_pcm_open(struct file *file, struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream);
 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
 static DECLARE_RWSEM(snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
 
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_lock - Lock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * This locks the PCM stream's spinlock or mutex depending on the nonatomic
+ * flag of the given substream.  This also takes the global link rw lock
+ * (or rw sem), too, for avoiding the race with linked streams.
+ */
 void snd_pcm_stream_lock(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	if (substream->pcm->nonatomic) {
@@ -89,6 +94,12 @@ void snd_pcm_stream_lock(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stream_lock);
 
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_lock - Unlock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * This unlocks the PCM stream that has been locked via snd_pcm_stream_lock().
+ */
 void snd_pcm_stream_unlock(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	if (substream->pcm->nonatomic) {
@@ -101,6 +112,14 @@ void snd_pcm_stream_unlock(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stream_unlock);
 
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq - Lock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * This locks the PCM stream like snd_pcm_stream_lock() and disables the local
+ * IRQ (only when nonatomic is false).  In nonatomic case, this is identical
+ * as snd_pcm_stream_lock().
+ */
 void snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	if (!substream->pcm->nonatomic)
@@ -109,6 +128,12 @@ void snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq);
 
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq - Unlock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * This is a counter-part of snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq().
+ */
 void snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	snd_pcm_stream_unlock(substream);
@@ -127,6 +152,13 @@ unsigned long _snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave);
 
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore - Unlock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ * @flags: irq flags
+ *
+ * This is a counter-part of snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave().
+ */
 void snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 				      unsigned long flags)
 {
@@ -195,6 +227,21 @@ int snd_pcm_info_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	return err;
 }
 
+static bool hw_support_mmap(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	if (!(substream->runtime->hw.info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP))
+		return false;
+	/* check architectures that return -EINVAL from dma_mmap_coherent() */
+	/* FIXME: this should be some global flag */
+#if defined(CONFIG_C6X) || defined(CONFIG_FRV) || defined(CONFIG_MN10300) ||\
+	defined(CONFIG_PARISC) || defined(CONFIG_XTENSA)
+	if (!substream->ops->mmap &&
+	    substream->dma_buffer.dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV)
+		return false;
+#endif
+	return true;
+}
+
 #undef RULES_DEBUG
 
 #ifdef RULES_DEBUG
@@ -372,8 +419,12 @@ int snd_pcm_hw_refine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	}
 
 	hw = &substream->runtime->hw;
-	if (!params->info)
+	if (!params->info) {
 		params->info = hw->info & ~SNDRV_PCM_INFO_FIFO_IN_FRAMES;
+		if (!hw_support_mmap(substream))
+			params->info &= ~(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
+					  SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID);
+	}
 	if (!params->fifo_size) {
 		m = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
 		i = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
@@ -849,14 +900,19 @@ static int snd_pcm_action_single(struct action_ops *ops,
 	return res;
 }
 
-/* call in mutex-protected context */
-static int snd_pcm_action_mutex(struct action_ops *ops,
-				struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				int state)
+/*
+ *  Note: call with stream lock
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_action(struct action_ops *ops,
+			  struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			  int state)
 {
 	int res;
 
-	if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
+	if (!snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream))
+		return snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
+
+	if (substream->pcm->nonatomic) {
 		if (!mutex_trylock(&substream->group->mutex)) {
 			mutex_unlock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
 			mutex_lock(&substream->group->mutex);
@@ -865,24 +921,6 @@ static int snd_pcm_action_mutex(struct action_ops *ops,
 		res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 1);
 		mutex_unlock(&substream->group->mutex);
 	} else {
-		res = snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
-	}
-	return res;
-}
-
-/*
- *  Note: call with stream lock
- */
-static int snd_pcm_action(struct action_ops *ops,
-			  struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			  int state)
-{
-	int res;
-
-	if (substream->pcm->nonatomic)
-		return snd_pcm_action_mutex(ops, substream, state);
-
-	if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
 		if (!spin_trylock(&substream->group->lock)) {
 			spin_unlock(&substream->self_group.lock);
 			spin_lock(&substream->group->lock);
@@ -890,34 +928,10 @@ static int snd_pcm_action(struct action_ops *ops,
 		}
 		res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 1);
 		spin_unlock(&substream->group->lock);
-	} else {
-		res = snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
 	}
 	return res;
 }
 
-static int snd_pcm_action_lock_mutex(struct action_ops *ops,
-				     struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				     int state)
-{
-	int res;
-
-	down_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
-	if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
-		mutex_lock(&substream->group->mutex);
-		mutex_lock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
-		res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 1);
-		mutex_unlock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
-		mutex_unlock(&substream->group->mutex);
-	} else {
-		mutex_lock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
-		res = snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
-		mutex_unlock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
-	}
-	up_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
-	return res;
-}
-
 /*
  *  Note: don't use any locks before
  */
@@ -927,22 +941,9 @@ static int snd_pcm_action_lock_irq(struct action_ops *ops,
 {
 	int res;
 
-	if (substream->pcm->nonatomic)
-		return snd_pcm_action_lock_mutex(ops, substream, state);
-
-	read_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
-	if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
-		spin_lock(&substream->group->lock);
-		spin_lock(&substream->self_group.lock);
-		res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 1);
-		spin_unlock(&substream->self_group.lock);
-		spin_unlock(&substream->group->lock);
-	} else {
-		spin_lock(&substream->self_group.lock);
-		res = snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
-		spin_unlock(&substream->self_group.lock);
-	}
-	read_unlock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
+	snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+	res = snd_pcm_action(ops, substream, state);
+	snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
 	return res;
 }
 
@@ -1051,10 +1052,10 @@ static void snd_pcm_post_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	if (runtime->status->state != state) {
 		snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
+		runtime->status->state = state;
 		if (substream->timer)
 			snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MSTOP,
 					 &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
-		runtime->status->state = state;
 	}
 	wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
 	wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
@@ -1097,6 +1098,28 @@ int snd_pcm_drain_done(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 				     SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP);
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stop_xrun - stop the running streams as XRUN
+ * @substream: the PCM substream instance
+ *
+ * This stops the given running substream (and all linked substreams) as XRUN.
+ * Unlike snd_pcm_stop(), this function takes the substream lock by itself.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_stop_xrun(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(substream, flags);
+	if (snd_pcm_running(substream))
+		ret = snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+	snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(substream, flags);
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stop_xrun);
+
 /*
  * pause callbacks
  */
@@ -1203,11 +1226,11 @@ static void snd_pcm_post_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
 {
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
+	runtime->status->suspended_state = runtime->status->state;
+	runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED;
 	if (substream->timer)
 		snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MSUSPEND,
 				 &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
-	runtime->status->suspended_state = runtime->status->state;
-	runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED;
 	wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
 	wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
 }
@@ -1310,10 +1333,10 @@ static void snd_pcm_post_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
 {
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
+	runtime->status->state = runtime->status->suspended_state;
 	if (substream->timer)
 		snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MRESUME,
 				 &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
-	runtime->status->state = runtime->status->suspended_state;
 }
 
 static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_resume = {
@@ -2070,7 +2093,7 @@ int snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 		mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED;
         if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED)
 		mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED;
-	if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP) {
+	if (hw_support_mmap(substream)) {
 		if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED)
 			mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED;
 		if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED)
@@ -3249,20 +3272,6 @@ static inline struct page *
 snd_pcm_default_page_ops(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, unsigned long ofs)
 {
 	void *vaddr = substream->runtime->dma_area + ofs;
-#if defined(CONFIG_MIPS) && defined(CONFIG_DMA_NONCOHERENT)
-	if (substream->dma_buffer.dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV)
-		return virt_to_page(CAC_ADDR(vaddr));
-#endif
-#if defined(CONFIG_PPC32) && defined(CONFIG_NOT_COHERENT_CACHE)
-	if (substream->dma_buffer.dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV) {
-		dma_addr_t addr = substream->runtime->dma_addr + ofs;
-		addr -= get_dma_offset(substream->dma_buffer.dev.dev);
-		/* assume dma_handle set via pfn_to_phys() in
-		 * mm/dma-noncoherent.c
-		 */
-		return pfn_to_page(addr >> PAGE_SHIFT);
-	}
-#endif
 	return virt_to_page(vaddr);
 }
 
@@ -3307,16 +3316,18 @@ static const struct vm_operations_struct snd_pcm_vm_ops_data_fault = {
 	.fault =	snd_pcm_mmap_data_fault,
 };
 
-#ifndef ARCH_HAS_DMA_MMAP_COHERENT
-/* This should be defined / handled globally! */
-#if defined(CONFIG_ARM) || defined(CONFIG_ARM64)
-#define ARCH_HAS_DMA_MMAP_COHERENT
-#endif
-#endif
-
 /*
  * mmap the DMA buffer on RAM
  */
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap - Default PCM data mmap function
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ * @area: VMA
+ *
+ * This is the default mmap handler for PCM data.  When mmap pcm_ops is NULL,
+ * this function is invoked implicitly.
+ */
 int snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			     struct vm_area_struct *area)
 {
@@ -3329,7 +3340,7 @@ int snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 				area->vm_end - area->vm_start, area->vm_page_prot);
 	}
 #endif /* CONFIG_GENERIC_ALLOCATOR */
-#ifdef ARCH_HAS_DMA_MMAP_COHERENT
+#ifndef CONFIG_X86 /* for avoiding warnings arch/x86/mm/pat.c */
 	if (!substream->ops->page &&
 	    substream->dma_buffer.dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV)
 		return dma_mmap_coherent(substream->dma_buffer.dev.dev,
@@ -3337,11 +3348,7 @@ int snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 					 substream->runtime->dma_area,
 					 substream->runtime->dma_addr,
 					 area->vm_end - area->vm_start);
-#elif defined(CONFIG_MIPS) && defined(CONFIG_DMA_NONCOHERENT)
-	if (substream->dma_buffer.dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV &&
-	    !plat_device_is_coherent(substream->dma_buffer.dev.dev))
-		area->vm_page_prot = pgprot_noncached(area->vm_page_prot);
-#endif /* ARCH_HAS_DMA_MMAP_COHERENT */
+#endif /* CONFIG_X86 */
 	/* mmap with fault handler */
 	area->vm_ops = &snd_pcm_vm_ops_data_fault;
 	return 0;
@@ -3352,6 +3359,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap);
  * mmap the DMA buffer on I/O memory area
  */
 #if SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_IOMEM
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_lib_mmap_iomem - Default PCM data mmap function for I/O mem
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ * @area: VMA
+ *
+ * When your hardware uses the iomapped pages as the hardware buffer and
+ * wants to mmap it, pass this function as mmap pcm_ops.  Note that this
+ * is supposed to work only on limited architectures.
+ */
 int snd_pcm_lib_mmap_iomem(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			   struct vm_area_struct *area)
 {
diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_trace.h b/sound/core/pcm_trace.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b63b654da5ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_trace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM snd_pcm
+#define TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE pcm_trace
+
+#if !defined(_PCM_TRACE_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _PCM_TRACE_H
+
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+
+TRACE_EVENT(hwptr,
+	TP_PROTO(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, snd_pcm_uframes_t pos, bool irq),
+	TP_ARGS(substream, pos, irq),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field( bool, in_interrupt )
+		__field( unsigned int, card )
+		__field( unsigned int, device )
+		__field( unsigned int, number )
+		__field( unsigned int, stream )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, pos )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, period_size )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, buffer_size )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, old_hw_ptr )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, hw_ptr_base )
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->in_interrupt = (irq);
+		__entry->card = (substream)->pcm->card->number;
+		__entry->device = (substream)->pcm->device;
+		__entry->number = (substream)->number;
+		__entry->stream = (substream)->stream;
+		__entry->pos = (pos);
+		__entry->period_size = (substream)->runtime->period_size;
+		__entry->buffer_size = (substream)->runtime->buffer_size;
+		__entry->old_hw_ptr = (substream)->runtime->status->hw_ptr;
+		__entry->hw_ptr_base = (substream)->runtime->hw_ptr_base;
+	),
+	TP_printk("pcmC%dD%d%c/sub%d: %s: pos=%lu, old=%lu, base=%lu, period=%lu, buf=%lu",
+		  __entry->card, __entry->device,
+		  __entry->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 'p' : 'c',
+		  __entry->number,
+		  __entry->in_interrupt ? "IRQ" : "POS",
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->pos,
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->old_hw_ptr,
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->hw_ptr_base,
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->period_size,
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->buffer_size)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(xrun,
+	TP_PROTO(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream),
+	TP_ARGS(substream),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field( unsigned int, card )
+		__field( unsigned int, device )
+		__field( unsigned int, number )
+		__field( unsigned int, stream )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, period_size )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, buffer_size )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, old_hw_ptr )
+		__field( snd_pcm_uframes_t, hw_ptr_base )
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->card = (substream)->pcm->card->number;
+		__entry->device = (substream)->pcm->device;
+		__entry->number = (substream)->number;
+		__entry->stream = (substream)->stream;
+		__entry->period_size = (substream)->runtime->period_size;
+		__entry->buffer_size = (substream)->runtime->buffer_size;
+		__entry->old_hw_ptr = (substream)->runtime->status->hw_ptr;
+		__entry->hw_ptr_base = (substream)->runtime->hw_ptr_base;
+	),
+	TP_printk("pcmC%dD%d%c/sub%d: XRUN: old=%lu, base=%lu, period=%lu, buf=%lu",
+		  __entry->card, __entry->device,
+		  __entry->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 'p' : 'c',
+		  __entry->number,
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->old_hw_ptr,
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->hw_ptr_base,
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->period_size,
+		  (unsigned long)__entry->buffer_size)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(hw_ptr_error,
+	TP_PROTO(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, const char *why),
+	TP_ARGS(substream, why),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field( unsigned int, card )
+		__field( unsigned int, device )
+		__field( unsigned int, number )
+		__field( unsigned int, stream )
+		__field( const char *, reason )
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->card = (substream)->pcm->card->number;
+		__entry->device = (substream)->pcm->device;
+		__entry->number = (substream)->number;
+		__entry->stream = (substream)->stream;
+		__entry->reason = (why);
+	),
+	TP_printk("pcmC%dD%d%c/sub%d: ERROR: %s",
+		  __entry->card, __entry->device,
+		  __entry->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 'p' : 'c',
+		  __entry->number, __entry->reason)
+);
+
+#endif /* _PCM_TRACE_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#undef TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH
+#define TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH .
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
index b9184d20c39f..b0e32e161dd1 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_init.c
@@ -403,14 +403,11 @@ free_devinfo(void *private)
 {
 	struct seq_oss_devinfo *dp = (struct seq_oss_devinfo *)private;
 
-	if (dp->timer)
-		snd_seq_oss_timer_delete(dp->timer);
+	snd_seq_oss_timer_delete(dp->timer);
 		
-	if (dp->writeq)
-		snd_seq_oss_writeq_delete(dp->writeq);
+	snd_seq_oss_writeq_delete(dp->writeq);
 
-	if (dp->readq)
-		snd_seq_oss_readq_delete(dp->readq);
+	snd_seq_oss_readq_delete(dp->readq);
 	
 	kfree(dp);
 }
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq.c b/sound/core/seq/seq.c
index 712110561082..7e0aabb808a6 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq.c
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@ static int __init alsa_seq_init(void)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	snd_seq_autoload_lock();
 	if ((err = client_init_data()) < 0)
 		goto error;
 
@@ -110,8 +109,8 @@ static int __init alsa_seq_init(void)
 	if ((err = snd_seq_system_client_init()) < 0)
 		goto error;
 
+	snd_seq_autoload_init();
  error:
-	snd_seq_autoload_unlock();
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -131,6 +130,8 @@ static void __exit alsa_seq_exit(void)
 
 	/* release event memory */
 	snd_sequencer_memory_done();
+
+	snd_seq_autoload_exit();
 }
 
 module_init(alsa_seq_init)
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/seq_device.c b/sound/core/seq/seq_device.c
index 91a786a783e1..0631bdadd12b 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/seq_device.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/seq_device.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 #define DRIVER_LOADED		(1<<0)
 #define DRIVER_REQUESTED	(1<<1)
 #define DRIVER_LOCKED		(1<<2)
+#define DRIVER_REQUESTING	(1<<3)
 
 struct ops_list {
 	char id[ID_LEN];	/* driver id */
@@ -127,42 +128,82 @@ static void snd_seq_device_info(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
 /* avoid auto-loading during module_init() */
-static int snd_seq_in_init;
+static atomic_t snd_seq_in_init = ATOMIC_INIT(1); /* blocked as default */
 void snd_seq_autoload_lock(void)
 {
-	snd_seq_in_init++;
+	atomic_inc(&snd_seq_in_init);
 }
 
 void snd_seq_autoload_unlock(void)
 {
-	snd_seq_in_init--;
+	atomic_dec(&snd_seq_in_init);
 }
-#endif
 
-void snd_seq_device_load_drivers(void)
+static void autoload_drivers(void)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
-	struct ops_list *ops;
+	/* avoid reentrance */
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&snd_seq_in_init) == 1) {
+		struct ops_list *ops;
+
+		mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
+		list_for_each_entry(ops, &opslist, list) {
+			if ((ops->driver & DRIVER_REQUESTING) &&
+			    !(ops->driver & DRIVER_REQUESTED)) {
+				ops->used++;
+				mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
+				ops->driver |= DRIVER_REQUESTED;
+				request_module("snd-%s", ops->id);
+				mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
+				ops->used--;
+			}
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
+	}
+	atomic_dec(&snd_seq_in_init);
+}
 
-	/* Calling request_module during module_init()
-	 * may cause blocking.
-	 */
-	if (snd_seq_in_init)
-		return;
+static void call_autoload(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	autoload_drivers();
+}
 
-	mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-	list_for_each_entry(ops, &opslist, list) {
-		if (! (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED) &&
-		    ! (ops->driver & DRIVER_REQUESTED)) {
-			ops->used++;
-			mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
-			ops->driver |= DRIVER_REQUESTED;
-			request_module("snd-%s", ops->id);
-			mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
-			ops->used--;
-		}
+static DECLARE_WORK(autoload_work, call_autoload);
+
+static void try_autoload(struct ops_list *ops)
+{
+	if (!ops->driver) {
+		ops->driver |= DRIVER_REQUESTING;
+		schedule_work(&autoload_work);
 	}
+}
+
+static void queue_autoload_drivers(void)
+{
+	struct ops_list *ops;
+
+	mutex_lock(&ops_mutex);
+	list_for_each_entry(ops, &opslist, list)
+		try_autoload(ops);
 	mutex_unlock(&ops_mutex);
+}
+
+void snd_seq_autoload_init(void)
+{
+	atomic_dec(&snd_seq_in_init);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER_MODULE
+	/* initial autoload only when snd-seq is a module */
+	queue_autoload_drivers();
+#endif
+}
+#else
+#define try_autoload(ops) /* NOP */
+#endif
+
+void snd_seq_device_load_drivers(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
+	queue_autoload_drivers();
+	flush_work(&autoload_work);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -214,13 +255,14 @@ int snd_seq_device_new(struct snd_card *card, int device, char *id, int argsize,
 	ops->num_devices++;
 	mutex_unlock(&ops->reg_mutex);
 
-	unlock_driver(ops);
-	
 	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_SEQUENCER, dev, &dops)) < 0) {
 		snd_seq_device_free(dev);
 		return err;
 	}
 	
+	try_autoload(ops);
+	unlock_driver(ops);
+
 	if (result)
 		*result = dev;
 
@@ -318,16 +360,12 @@ int snd_seq_device_register_driver(char *id, struct snd_seq_dev_ops *entry,
 	    entry->init_device == NULL || entry->free_device == NULL)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	snd_seq_autoload_lock();
 	ops = find_driver(id, 1);
-	if (ops == NULL) {
-		snd_seq_autoload_unlock();
+	if (ops == NULL)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
 	if (ops->driver & DRIVER_LOADED) {
 		pr_warn("ALSA: seq: driver_register: driver '%s' already exists\n", id);
 		unlock_driver(ops);
-		snd_seq_autoload_unlock();
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 
@@ -344,7 +382,6 @@ int snd_seq_device_register_driver(char *id, struct snd_seq_dev_ops *entry,
 	mutex_unlock(&ops->reg_mutex);
 
 	unlock_driver(ops);
-	snd_seq_autoload_unlock();
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -554,6 +591,9 @@ static int __init alsa_seq_device_init(void)
 
 static void __exit alsa_seq_device_exit(void)
 {
+#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
+	cancel_work_sync(&autoload_work);
+#endif
 	remove_drivers();
 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 	snd_info_free_entry(info_entry);
@@ -570,6 +610,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_new);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_register_driver);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_device_unregister_driver);
 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_autoload_init);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_autoload_lock);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_seq_autoload_unlock);
 #endif
diff --git a/sound/core/sgbuf.c b/sound/core/sgbuf.c
index 0a418503ec41..84fffabdd129 100644
--- a/sound/core/sgbuf.c
+++ b/sound/core/sgbuf.c
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ int snd_free_sgbuf_pages(struct snd_dma_buffer *dmab)
 	if (! sgbuf)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (dmab->area)
-		vunmap(dmab->area);
+	vunmap(dmab->area);
 	dmab->area = NULL;
 
 	tmpb.dev.type = SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV;
diff --git a/sound/core/sound.c b/sound/core/sound.c
index 38ad1a0dd3f7..f1333060bf1c 100644
--- a/sound/core/sound.c
+++ b/sound/core/sound.c
@@ -355,8 +355,13 @@ int snd_unregister_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
 
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_unregister_device);
 
-/* get the assigned device to the given type and device number;
- * the caller needs to release it via put_device() after using it
+/**
+ * snd_get_device - get the assigned device to the given type and device number
+ * @type: the device type, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_XXX
+ * @card:the card instance
+ * @dev: the device index
+ *
+ * The caller needs to release it via put_device() after using it.
  */
 struct device *snd_get_device(int type, struct snd_card *card, int dev)
 {
diff --git a/sound/drivers/mts64.c b/sound/drivers/mts64.c
index f5fd448dbc57..0388fbbd2c06 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/mts64.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/mts64.c
@@ -604,21 +604,11 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new mts64_ctl_smpte_time_frames = {
 static int snd_mts64_ctl_smpte_fps_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
 					struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[5] = { "24",
-				  "25",
-				  "29.97",
-				  "30D",
-				  "30"    };
+	static const char * const texts[5] = {
+		"24", "25", "29.97", "30D", "30"
+	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 4)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 4;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 5, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_mts64_ctl_smpte_fps_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
diff --git a/sound/drivers/virmidi.c b/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
index b178724295f3..d28d8706443c 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/virmidi.c
@@ -99,30 +99,33 @@ static int snd_virmidi_probe(struct platform_device *devptr)
 
 	if (midi_devs[dev] > MAX_MIDI_DEVICES) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING
-			   "too much midi devices for virmidi %d: "
-			   "force to use %d\n", dev, MAX_MIDI_DEVICES);
+			   "too much midi devices for virmidi %d: force to use %d\n",
+			   dev, MAX_MIDI_DEVICES);
 		midi_devs[dev] = MAX_MIDI_DEVICES;
 	}
 	for (idx = 0; idx < midi_devs[dev]; idx++) {
 		struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
 		struct snd_virmidi_dev *rdev;
-		if ((err = snd_virmidi_new(card, idx, &rmidi)) < 0)
+
+		err = snd_virmidi_new(card, idx, &rmidi);
+		if (err < 0)
 			goto __nodev;
 		rdev = rmidi->private_data;
 		vmidi->midi[idx] = rmidi;
 		strcpy(rmidi->name, "Virtual Raw MIDI");
 		rdev->seq_mode = SNDRV_VIRMIDI_SEQ_DISPATCH;
 	}
-	
+
 	strcpy(card->driver, "VirMIDI");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "VirMIDI");
 	sprintf(card->longname, "Virtual MIDI Card %i", dev + 1);
 
-	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) == 0) {
+	err = snd_card_register(card);
+	if (!err) {
 		platform_set_drvdata(devptr, card);
 		return 0;
 	}
-      __nodev:
+__nodev:
 	snd_card_free(card);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -157,13 +160,15 @@ static int __init alsa_card_virmidi_init(void)
 {
 	int i, cards, err;
 
-	if ((err = platform_driver_register(&snd_virmidi_driver)) < 0)
+	err = platform_driver_register(&snd_virmidi_driver);
+	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
 	cards = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < SNDRV_CARDS; i++) {
 		struct platform_device *device;
-		if (! enable[i])
+
+		if (!enable[i])
 			continue;
 		device = platform_device_register_simple(SND_VIRMIDI_DRIVER,
 							 i, NULL, 0);
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c
index e8cc16993903..fc05a37fd017 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c
@@ -416,6 +416,7 @@ int vx_send_rih(struct vx_core *chip, int cmd)
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_boot_xilinx - boot up the xilinx interface
+ * @chip: VX core instance
  * @boot: the boot record to load
  */
 int snd_vx_load_boot_image(struct vx_core *chip, const struct firmware *boot)
@@ -538,6 +539,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_threaded_irq_handler);
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_irq_handler - interrupt handler
+ * @irq: irq number
+ * @dev: VX core instance
  */
 irqreturn_t snd_vx_irq_handler(int irq, void *dev)
 {
@@ -649,6 +652,8 @@ static void vx_proc_init(struct vx_core *chip)
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_dsp_boot - load the DSP boot
+ * @chip: VX core instance
+ * @boot: firmware data
  */
 int snd_vx_dsp_boot(struct vx_core *chip, const struct firmware *boot)
 {
@@ -669,6 +674,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_dsp_boot);
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_dsp_load - load the DSP image
+ * @chip: VX core instance
+ * @dsp: firmware data
  */
 int snd_vx_dsp_load(struct vx_core *chip, const struct firmware *dsp)
 {
@@ -768,7 +775,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_resume);
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_create - constructor for struct vx_core
+ * @card: card instance
  * @hw: hardware specific record
+ * @ops: VX ops pointer
+ * @extra_size: extra byte size to allocate appending to chip
  *
  * this function allocates the instance and prepare for the hardware
  * initialization.
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c
index 3b6823fc0606..be9477e30739 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c
@@ -471,30 +471,18 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new vx_control_output_level = {
  */
 static int vx_audio_src_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts_mic[3] = {
+	static const char * const texts_mic[3] = {
 		"Digital", "Line", "Mic"
 	};
-	static char *texts_vx2[2] = {
+	static const char * const texts_vx2[2] = {
 		"Digital", "Analog"
 	};
 	struct vx_core *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	if (chip->type >= VX_TYPE_VXPOCKET) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		       texts_mic[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	} else {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		       texts_vx2[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	}
-	return 0;
+	if (chip->type >= VX_TYPE_VXPOCKET)
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts_mic);
+	else
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts_vx2);
 }
 
 static int vx_audio_src_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -539,18 +527,11 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new vx_control_audio_src = {
  */
 static int vx_clock_mode_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = {
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
 		"Auto", "Internal", "External"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int vx_clock_mode_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/firewire/Kconfig b/sound/firewire/Kconfig
index 46dff64908c8..2a5b9a6cb6f8 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/Kconfig
+++ b/sound/firewire/Kconfig
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ config SND_FIREWIRE_LIB
 	select SND_RAWMIDI
 
 config SND_DICE
-	tristate "DICE-based DACs (EXPERIMENTAL)"
+	tristate "DICE-based DACs support"
 	select SND_HWDEP
 	select SND_FIREWIRE_LIB
 	help
 	  Say Y here to include support for many DACs based on the DICE
-	  chip family (DICE-II/Jr/Mini) from TC Applied Technologies.
+	  chip family (DICE-II/Jr/Mini) which TC Applied Technologies produces.
 
 	  At the moment, this driver supports playback only.  If you
 	  want to use devices that support capturing, use FFADO instead.
@@ -26,15 +26,17 @@ config SND_DICE
 	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
 	  will be called snd-dice.
 
-config SND_FIREWIRE_SPEAKERS
-	tristate "FireWire speakers"
+config SND_OXFW
+	tristate "Oxford Semiconductor FW970/971 chipset support"
 	select SND_FIREWIRE_LIB
 	help
-	  Say Y here to include support for the Griffin FireWave Surround
-	  and the LaCie FireWire Speakers.
+	  Say Y here to include support for FireWire devices based on
+	  Oxford Semiconductor FW970/971 chipset.
+	   * Griffin Firewave
+	   * LaCie Firewire Speakers
 
 	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
-	  will be called snd-firewire-speakers.
+	  will be called snd-oxfw.
 
 config SND_ISIGHT
 	tristate "Apple iSight microphone"
diff --git a/sound/firewire/Makefile b/sound/firewire/Makefile
index fad8d49306ab..8b37f084b2ab 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/Makefile
+++ b/sound/firewire/Makefile
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 snd-firewire-lib-objs := lib.o iso-resources.o packets-buffer.o \
 			 fcp.o cmp.o amdtp.o
-snd-dice-objs := dice.o
-snd-firewire-speakers-objs := speakers.o
+snd-oxfw-objs := oxfw.o
 snd-isight-objs := isight.o
 snd-scs1x-objs := scs1x.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_SND_FIREWIRE_LIB) += snd-firewire-lib.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND_DICE) += snd-dice.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_SND_FIREWIRE_SPEAKERS) += snd-firewire-speakers.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_DICE) += dice/
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_OXFW) += oxfw/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SND_ISIGHT) += snd-isight.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SND_SCS1X) += snd-scs1x.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SND_FIREWORKS) += fireworks/
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp.c b/sound/firewire/amdtp.c
index 95fc2eaf11dc..3badc70124ab 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/amdtp.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp.c
@@ -1006,11 +1006,7 @@ void amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(struct amdtp_stream *s)
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
 
 	pcm = ACCESS_ONCE(s->pcm);
-	if (pcm) {
-		snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(pcm);
-		if (snd_pcm_running(pcm))
-			snd_pcm_stop(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(pcm);
-	}
+	if (pcm)
+		snd_pcm_stop_xrun(pcm);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_stream_pcm_abort);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp.h b/sound/firewire/amdtp.h
index 4823c08196ac..e6e8926275b0 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/amdtp.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  *	corresponds to the end of event in the packet. Out of IEC 61883.
  * @CIP_WRONG_DBS: Only for in-stream. The value of dbs is wrong in in-packets.
  *	The value of data_block_quadlets is used instead of reported value.
- * @SKIP_DBC_ZERO_CHECK: Only for in-stream.  Packets with zero in dbc is
+ * @CIP_SKIP_DBC_ZERO_CHECK: Only for in-stream.  Packets with zero in dbc is
  *	skipped for detecting discontinuity.
  * @CIP_SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK: Only for in-stream. The value of dbc in first
  *	packet is not continuous from an initial value.
@@ -43,7 +43,27 @@ enum cip_flags {
 };
 
 /**
- * enum cip_sfc - a stream's sample rate
+ * enum cip_sfc - supported Sampling Frequency Codes (SFCs)
+ * @CIP_SFC_32000:   32,000 data blocks
+ * @CIP_SFC_44100:   44,100 data blocks
+ * @CIP_SFC_48000:   48,000 data blocks
+ * @CIP_SFC_88200:   88,200 data blocks
+ * @CIP_SFC_96000:   96,000 data blocks
+ * @CIP_SFC_176400: 176,400 data blocks
+ * @CIP_SFC_192000: 192,000 data blocks
+ * @CIP_SFC_COUNT: the number of supported SFCs
+ *
+ * These values are used to show nominal Sampling Frequency Code in
+ * Format Dependent Field (FDF) of AMDTP packet header. In IEC 61883-6:2002,
+ * this code means the number of events per second. Actually the code
+ * represents the number of data blocks transferred per second in an AMDTP
+ * stream.
+ *
+ * In IEC 61883-6:2005, some extensions were added to support more types of
+ * data such as 'One Bit LInear Audio', therefore the meaning of SFC became
+ * different depending on the types.
+ *
+ * Currently our implementation is compatible with IEC 61883-6:2002.
  */
 enum cip_sfc {
 	CIP_SFC_32000  = 0,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
index e13eef99c27a..dfbcd233178c 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ extern const unsigned int snd_bebob_rate_table[SND_BEBOB_STRM_FMT_ENTRIES];
 #define SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL	"Internal"
 struct snd_bebob_clock_spec {
 	unsigned int num;
-	char *const *labels;
+	const char *const *labels;
 	int (*get)(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int *id);
 };
 struct snd_bebob_rate_spec {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ struct snd_bebob_rate_spec {
 };
 struct snd_bebob_meter_spec {
 	unsigned int num;
-	char *const *labels;
+	const char *const *labels;
 	int (*get)(struct snd_bebob *bebob, u32 *target, unsigned int size);
 };
 struct snd_bebob_spec {
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_focusrite.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_focusrite.c
index 3b052ed0fbf5..fc67c1b7cb5b 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_focusrite.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_focusrite.c
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ saffire_write_quad(struct snd_bebob *bebob, u64 offset, u32 value)
 				  &data, sizeof(__be32), 0);
 }
 
-static char *const saffirepro_10_clk_src_labels[] = {
+static const char *const saffirepro_10_clk_src_labels[] = {
 	SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL, "S/PDIF", "Word Clock"
 };
-static char *const saffirepro_26_clk_src_labels[] = {
+static const char *const saffirepro_26_clk_src_labels[] = {
 	SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL, "S/PDIF", "ADAT1", "ADAT2", "Word Clock"
 };
 /* Value maps between registers and labels for SaffirePro 10/26. */
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ end:
 }
 
 struct snd_bebob_spec saffire_le_spec;
-static char *const saffire_both_clk_src_labels[] = {
+static const char *const saffire_both_clk_src_labels[] = {
 	SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL, "S/PDIF"
 };
 static int
@@ -210,12 +210,12 @@ saffire_both_clk_src_get(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int *id)
 
 	return err;
 };
-static char *const saffire_le_meter_labels[] = {
+static const char *const saffire_le_meter_labels[] = {
 	ANA_IN, ANA_IN, DIG_IN,
 	ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT,
 	STM_IN, STM_IN
 };
-static char *const saffire_meter_labels[] = {
+static const char *const saffire_meter_labels[] = {
 	ANA_IN, ANA_IN,
 	STM_IN, STM_IN, STM_IN, STM_IN, STM_IN,
 };
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_maudio.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_maudio.c
index 70faa3a32526..a422aaa3bb0c 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_maudio.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_maudio.c
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ end:
 }
 
 /* Clock source control for special firmware */
-static char *const special_clk_labels[] = {
+static const char *const special_clk_labels[] = {
 	SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL " with Digital Mute", "Digital",
 	"Word Clock", SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL};
 static int special_clk_get(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int *id)
@@ -352,17 +352,8 @@ static int special_clk_get(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int *id)
 static int special_clk_ctl_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
 				struct snd_ctl_elem_info *einf)
 {
-	einf->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	einf->count = 1;
-	einf->value.enumerated.items = ARRAY_SIZE(special_clk_labels);
-
-	if (einf->value.enumerated.item >= einf->value.enumerated.items)
-		einf->value.enumerated.item = einf->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-
-	strcpy(einf->value.enumerated.name,
-	       special_clk_labels[einf->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(einf, 1, ARRAY_SIZE(special_clk_labels),
+				 special_clk_labels);
 }
 static int special_clk_ctl_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
 			       struct snd_ctl_elem_value *uval)
@@ -438,23 +429,15 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new special_sync_ctl = {
 };
 
 /* Digital input interface control for special firmware */
-static char *const special_dig_in_iface_labels[] = {
+static const char *const special_dig_in_iface_labels[] = {
 	"S/PDIF Optical", "S/PDIF Coaxial", "ADAT Optical"
 };
 static int special_dig_in_iface_ctl_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
 					 struct snd_ctl_elem_info *einf)
 {
-	einf->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	einf->count = 1;
-	einf->value.enumerated.items = ARRAY_SIZE(special_dig_in_iface_labels);
-
-	if (einf->value.enumerated.item >= einf->value.enumerated.items)
-		einf->value.enumerated.item = einf->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-
-	strcpy(einf->value.enumerated.name,
-	       special_dig_in_iface_labels[einf->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(einf, 1,
+				 ARRAY_SIZE(special_dig_in_iface_labels),
+				 special_dig_in_iface_labels);
 }
 static int special_dig_in_iface_ctl_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
 					struct snd_ctl_elem_value *uval)
@@ -539,23 +522,15 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new special_dig_in_iface_ctl = {
 };
 
 /* Digital output interface control for special firmware */
-static char *const special_dig_out_iface_labels[] = {
+static const char *const special_dig_out_iface_labels[] = {
 	"S/PDIF Optical and Coaxial", "ADAT Optical"
 };
 static int special_dig_out_iface_ctl_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
 					  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *einf)
 {
-	einf->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	einf->count = 1;
-	einf->value.enumerated.items = ARRAY_SIZE(special_dig_out_iface_labels);
-
-	if (einf->value.enumerated.item >= einf->value.enumerated.items)
-		einf->value.enumerated.item = einf->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-
-	strcpy(einf->value.enumerated.name,
-	       special_dig_out_iface_labels[einf->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(einf, 1,
+				 ARRAY_SIZE(special_dig_out_iface_labels),
+				 special_dig_out_iface_labels);
 }
 static int special_dig_out_iface_ctl_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
 					 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *uval)
@@ -631,7 +606,7 @@ end:
 }
 
 /* Hardware metering for special firmware */
-static char *const special_meter_labels[] = {
+static const char *const special_meter_labels[] = {
 	ANA_IN, ANA_IN, ANA_IN, ANA_IN,
 	SPDIF_IN,
 	ADAT_IN, ADAT_IN, ADAT_IN, ADAT_IN,
@@ -671,30 +646,30 @@ end:
 }
 
 /* last 4 bytes are omitted because it's clock info. */
-static char *const fw410_meter_labels[] = {
+static const char *const fw410_meter_labels[] = {
 	ANA_IN, DIG_IN,
 	ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT, DIG_OUT,
 	HP_OUT
 };
-static char *const audiophile_meter_labels[] = {
+static const char *const audiophile_meter_labels[] = {
 	ANA_IN, DIG_IN,
 	ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT, DIG_OUT,
 	HP_OUT, AUX_OUT,
 };
-static char *const solo_meter_labels[] = {
+static const char *const solo_meter_labels[] = {
 	ANA_IN, DIG_IN,
 	STRM_IN, STRM_IN,
 	ANA_OUT, DIG_OUT
 };
 
 /* no clock info */
-static char *const ozonic_meter_labels[] = {
+static const char *const ozonic_meter_labels[] = {
 	ANA_IN, ANA_IN,
 	STRM_IN, STRM_IN,
 	ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT
 };
 /* TODO: need testers. these positions are based on authour's assumption */
-static char *const nrv10_meter_labels[] = {
+static const char *const nrv10_meter_labels[] = {
 	ANA_IN, ANA_IN, ANA_IN, ANA_IN,
 	DIG_IN,
 	ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT, ANA_OUT,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_terratec.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_terratec.c
index 9940611f2e1b..ad635004d699 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_terratec.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_terratec.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "./bebob.h"
 
-static char *const phase88_rack_clk_src_labels[] = {
+static const char *const phase88_rack_clk_src_labels[] = {
 	SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL, "Digital In", "Word Clock"
 };
 static int
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ end:
 	return err;
 }
 
-static char *const phase24_series_clk_src_labels[] = {
+static const char *const phase24_series_clk_src_labels[] = {
 	SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL, "Digital In"
 };
 static int
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_yamaha.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_yamaha.c
index 9b7e798180ff..ef1fe3823a9c 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_yamaha.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_yamaha.c
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
  * reccomend users to close ffado-mixer at 192.0kHz if mixer is needless.
  */
 
-static char *const clk_src_labels[] = {SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL, "SPDIF"};
+static const char *const clk_src_labels[] = {SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_INTERNAL, "SPDIF"};
 static int
 clk_src_get(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int *id)
 {
diff --git a/sound/firewire/cmp.c b/sound/firewire/cmp.c
index ba8df5a1be39..ae3bc1940efa 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/cmp.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/cmp.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ static int pcr_modify(struct cmp_connection *c,
  * cmp_connection_init - initializes a connection manager
  * @c: the connection manager to initialize
  * @unit: a unit of the target device
+ * @direction: input or output
  * @pcr_index: the index of the iPCR/oPCR on the target device
  */
 int cmp_connection_init(struct cmp_connection *c,
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(cmp_connection_init);
 /**
  * cmp_connection_check_used - check connection is already esablished or not
  * @c: the connection manager to be checked
+ * @used: the pointer to store the result of checking the connection
  */
 int cmp_connection_check_used(struct cmp_connection *c, bool *used)
 {
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice.c b/sound/firewire/dice.c
deleted file mode 100644
index e3a04d69c853..000000000000
--- a/sound/firewire/dice.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1511 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * TC Applied Technologies Digital Interface Communications Engine driver
- *
- * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
- * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
- */
-
-#include <linux/compat.h>
-#include <linux/completion.h>
-#include <linux/delay.h>
-#include <linux/device.h>
-#include <linux/firewire.h>
-#include <linux/firewire-constants.h>
-#include <linux/jiffies.h>
-#include <linux/module.h>
-#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
-#include <linux/mutex.h>
-#include <linux/slab.h>
-#include <linux/spinlock.h>
-#include <linux/wait.h>
-#include <sound/control.h>
-#include <sound/core.h>
-#include <sound/firewire.h>
-#include <sound/hwdep.h>
-#include <sound/info.h>
-#include <sound/initval.h>
-#include <sound/pcm.h>
-#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
-#include "amdtp.h"
-#include "iso-resources.h"
-#include "lib.h"
-#include "dice-interface.h"
-
-
-struct dice {
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct fw_unit *unit;
-	spinlock_t lock;
-	struct mutex mutex;
-	unsigned int global_offset;
-	unsigned int rx_offset;
-	unsigned int clock_caps;
-	unsigned int rx_channels[3];
-	unsigned int rx_midi_ports[3];
-	struct fw_address_handler notification_handler;
-	int owner_generation;
-	int dev_lock_count; /* > 0 driver, < 0 userspace */
-	bool dev_lock_changed;
-	bool global_enabled;
-	struct completion clock_accepted;
-	wait_queue_head_t hwdep_wait;
-	u32 notification_bits;
-	struct fw_iso_resources resources;
-	struct amdtp_stream stream;
-};
-
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DICE driver");
-MODULE_AUTHOR("Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>");
-MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
-
-static const unsigned int dice_rates[] = {
-	/* mode 0 */
-	[0] =  32000,
-	[1] =  44100,
-	[2] =  48000,
-	/* mode 1 */
-	[3] =  88200,
-	[4] =  96000,
-	/* mode 2 */
-	[5] = 176400,
-	[6] = 192000,
-};
-
-static unsigned int rate_to_index(unsigned int rate)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(dice_rates); ++i)
-		if (dice_rates[i] == rate)
-			return i;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static unsigned int rate_index_to_mode(unsigned int rate_index)
-{
-	return ((int)rate_index - 1) / 2;
-}
-
-static void dice_lock_changed(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	dice->dev_lock_changed = true;
-	wake_up(&dice->hwdep_wait);
-}
-
-static int dice_try_lock(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	if (dice->dev_lock_count < 0) {
-		err = -EBUSY;
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	if (dice->dev_lock_count++ == 0)
-		dice_lock_changed(dice);
-	err = 0;
-
-out:
-	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static void dice_unlock(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	if (WARN_ON(dice->dev_lock_count <= 0))
-		goto out;
-
-	if (--dice->dev_lock_count == 0)
-		dice_lock_changed(dice);
-
-out:
-	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
-}
-
-static inline u64 global_address(struct dice *dice, unsigned int offset)
-{
-	return DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE + dice->global_offset + offset;
-}
-
-// TODO: rx index
-static inline u64 rx_address(struct dice *dice, unsigned int offset)
-{
-	return DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE + dice->rx_offset + offset;
-}
-
-static int dice_owner_set(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	struct fw_device *device = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
-	__be64 *buffer;
-	int err, errors = 0;
-
-	buffer = kmalloc(2 * 8, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!buffer)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		buffer[0] = cpu_to_be64(OWNER_NO_OWNER);
-		buffer[1] = cpu_to_be64(
-			((u64)device->card->node_id << OWNER_NODE_SHIFT) |
-			dice->notification_handler.offset);
-
-		dice->owner_generation = device->generation;
-		smp_rmb(); /* node_id vs. generation */
-		err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit,
-					 TCODE_LOCK_COMPARE_SWAP,
-					 global_address(dice, GLOBAL_OWNER),
-					 buffer, 2 * 8,
-					 FW_FIXED_GENERATION |
-							dice->owner_generation);
-
-		if (err == 0) {
-			if (buffer[0] != cpu_to_be64(OWNER_NO_OWNER)) {
-				dev_err(&dice->unit->device,
-					"device is already in use\n");
-				err = -EBUSY;
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		if (err != -EAGAIN || ++errors >= 3)
-			break;
-
-		msleep(20);
-	}
-
-	kfree(buffer);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int dice_owner_update(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	struct fw_device *device = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
-	__be64 *buffer;
-	int err;
-
-	if (dice->owner_generation == -1)
-		return 0;
-
-	buffer = kmalloc(2 * 8, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!buffer)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	buffer[0] = cpu_to_be64(OWNER_NO_OWNER);
-	buffer[1] = cpu_to_be64(
-		((u64)device->card->node_id << OWNER_NODE_SHIFT) |
-		dice->notification_handler.offset);
-
-	dice->owner_generation = device->generation;
-	smp_rmb(); /* node_id vs. generation */
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_LOCK_COMPARE_SWAP,
-				 global_address(dice, GLOBAL_OWNER),
-				 buffer, 2 * 8,
-				 FW_FIXED_GENERATION | dice->owner_generation);
-
-	if (err == 0) {
-		if (buffer[0] != cpu_to_be64(OWNER_NO_OWNER)) {
-			dev_err(&dice->unit->device,
-				"device is already in use\n");
-			err = -EBUSY;
-		}
-	} else if (err == -EAGAIN) {
-		err = 0; /* try again later */
-	}
-
-	kfree(buffer);
-
-	if (err < 0)
-		dice->owner_generation = -1;
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static void dice_owner_clear(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	struct fw_device *device = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
-	__be64 *buffer;
-
-	buffer = kmalloc(2 * 8, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!buffer)
-		return;
-
-	buffer[0] = cpu_to_be64(
-		((u64)device->card->node_id << OWNER_NODE_SHIFT) |
-		dice->notification_handler.offset);
-	buffer[1] = cpu_to_be64(OWNER_NO_OWNER);
-	snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_LOCK_COMPARE_SWAP,
-			   global_address(dice, GLOBAL_OWNER),
-			   buffer, 2 * 8, FW_QUIET |
-			   FW_FIXED_GENERATION | dice->owner_generation);
-
-	kfree(buffer);
-
-	dice->owner_generation = -1;
-}
-
-static int dice_enable_set(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	__be32 value;
-	int err;
-
-	value = cpu_to_be32(1);
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 global_address(dice, GLOBAL_ENABLE),
-				 &value, 4,
-				 FW_FIXED_GENERATION | dice->owner_generation);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	dice->global_enabled = true;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void dice_enable_clear(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	__be32 value;
-
-	if (!dice->global_enabled)
-		return;
-
-	value = 0;
-	snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-			   global_address(dice, GLOBAL_ENABLE),
-			   &value, 4, FW_QUIET |
-			   FW_FIXED_GENERATION | dice->owner_generation);
-
-	dice->global_enabled = false;
-}
-
-static void dice_notification(struct fw_card *card, struct fw_request *request,
-			      int tcode, int destination, int source,
-			      int generation, unsigned long long offset,
-			      void *data, size_t length, void *callback_data)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = callback_data;
-	u32 bits;
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (tcode != TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST) {
-		fw_send_response(card, request, RCODE_TYPE_ERROR);
-		return;
-	}
-	if ((offset & 3) != 0) {
-		fw_send_response(card, request, RCODE_ADDRESS_ERROR);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	bits = be32_to_cpup(data);
-
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&dice->lock, flags);
-	dice->notification_bits |= bits;
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dice->lock, flags);
-
-	fw_send_response(card, request, RCODE_COMPLETE);
-
-	if (bits & NOTIFY_CLOCK_ACCEPTED)
-		complete(&dice->clock_accepted);
-	wake_up(&dice->hwdep_wait);
-}
-
-static int dice_rate_constraint(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-				struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = rule->private;
-	const struct snd_interval *channels =
-		hw_param_interval_c(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
-	struct snd_interval *rate =
-		hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
-	struct snd_interval allowed_rates = {
-		.min = UINT_MAX, .max = 0, .integer = 1
-	};
-	unsigned int i, mode;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(dice_rates); ++i) {
-		mode = rate_index_to_mode(i);
-		if ((dice->clock_caps & (1 << i)) &&
-		    snd_interval_test(channels, dice->rx_channels[mode])) {
-			allowed_rates.min = min(allowed_rates.min,
-						dice_rates[i]);
-			allowed_rates.max = max(allowed_rates.max,
-						dice_rates[i]);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return snd_interval_refine(rate, &allowed_rates);
-}
-
-static int dice_channels_constraint(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-				    struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = rule->private;
-	const struct snd_interval *rate =
-		hw_param_interval_c(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
-	struct snd_interval *channels =
-		hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
-	struct snd_interval allowed_channels = {
-		.min = UINT_MAX, .max = 0, .integer = 1
-	};
-	unsigned int i, mode;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(dice_rates); ++i)
-		if ((dice->clock_caps & (1 << i)) &&
-		    snd_interval_test(rate, dice_rates[i])) {
-			mode = rate_index_to_mode(i);
-			allowed_channels.min = min(allowed_channels.min,
-						   dice->rx_channels[mode]);
-			allowed_channels.max = max(allowed_channels.max,
-						   dice->rx_channels[mode]);
-		}
-
-	return snd_interval_refine(channels, &allowed_channels);
-}
-
-static int dice_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	static const struct snd_pcm_hardware hardware = {
-		.info = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
-			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
-			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH |
-			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
-			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER,
-		.formats = AMDTP_OUT_PCM_FORMAT_BITS,
-		.channels_min = UINT_MAX,
-		.channels_max = 0,
-		.buffer_bytes_max = 16 * 1024 * 1024,
-		.period_bytes_min = 1,
-		.period_bytes_max = UINT_MAX,
-		.periods_min = 1,
-		.periods_max = UINT_MAX,
-	};
-	struct dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
-	unsigned int i;
-	int err;
-
-	err = dice_try_lock(dice);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	runtime->hw = hardware;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(dice_rates); ++i)
-		if (dice->clock_caps & (1 << i))
-			runtime->hw.rates |=
-				snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(dice_rates[i]);
-	snd_pcm_limit_hw_rates(runtime);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
-		if (dice->rx_channels[i]) {
-			runtime->hw.channels_min = min(runtime->hw.channels_min,
-						       dice->rx_channels[i]);
-			runtime->hw.channels_max = max(runtime->hw.channels_max,
-						       dice->rx_channels[i]);
-		}
-
-	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
-				  dice_rate_constraint, dice,
-				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, -1);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_lock;
-	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
-				  dice_channels_constraint, dice,
-				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_lock;
-
-	err = amdtp_stream_add_pcm_hw_constraints(&dice->stream, runtime);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_lock;
-
-	return 0;
-
-err_lock:
-	dice_unlock(dice);
-error:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int dice_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-
-	dice_unlock(dice);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_stream_start_packets(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	if (amdtp_stream_running(&dice->stream))
-		return 0;
-
-	err = amdtp_stream_start(&dice->stream, dice->resources.channel,
-				 fw_parent_device(dice->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	err = dice_enable_set(dice);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&dice->stream);
-		return err;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_stream_start(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	__be32 channel;
-	int err;
-
-	if (!dice->resources.allocated) {
-		err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&dice->resources,
-				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&dice->stream),
-				fw_parent_device(dice->unit)->max_speed);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto error;
-
-		channel = cpu_to_be32(dice->resources.channel);
-		err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit,
-					 TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-					 rx_address(dice, RX_ISOCHRONOUS),
-					 &channel, 4, 0);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto err_resources;
-	}
-
-	err = dice_stream_start_packets(dice);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_rx_channel;
-
-	return 0;
-
-err_rx_channel:
-	channel = cpu_to_be32((u32)-1);
-	snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-			   rx_address(dice, RX_ISOCHRONOUS), &channel, 4, 0);
-err_resources:
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&dice->resources);
-error:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static void dice_stream_stop_packets(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	if (amdtp_stream_running(&dice->stream)) {
-		dice_enable_clear(dice);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&dice->stream);
-	}
-}
-
-static void dice_stream_stop(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	__be32 channel;
-
-	dice_stream_stop_packets(dice);
-
-	if (!dice->resources.allocated)
-		return;
-
-	channel = cpu_to_be32((u32)-1);
-	snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-			   rx_address(dice, RX_ISOCHRONOUS), &channel, 4, 0);
-
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&dice->resources);
-}
-
-static int dice_change_rate(struct dice *dice, unsigned int clock_rate)
-{
-	__be32 value;
-	int err;
-
-	reinit_completion(&dice->clock_accepted);
-
-	value = cpu_to_be32(clock_rate | CLOCK_SOURCE_ARX1);
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 global_address(dice, GLOBAL_CLOCK_SELECT),
-				 &value, 4, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (!wait_for_completion_timeout(&dice->clock_accepted,
-					 msecs_to_jiffies(100)))
-		dev_warn(&dice->unit->device, "clock change timed out\n");
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			  struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-	unsigned int rate_index, mode, rate, channels, i;
-	int err;
-
-	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-	dice_stream_stop(dice);
-	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	rate = params_rate(hw_params);
-	rate_index = rate_to_index(rate);
-	err = dice_change_rate(dice, rate_index << CLOCK_RATE_SHIFT);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	/*
-	 * At 176.4/192.0 kHz, Dice has a quirk to transfer two PCM frames in
-	 * one data block of AMDTP packet. Thus sampling transfer frequency is
-	 * a half of PCM sampling frequency, i.e. PCM frames at 192.0 kHz are
-	 * transferred on AMDTP packets at 96 kHz. Two successive samples of a
-	 * channel are stored consecutively in the packet. This quirk is called
-	 * as 'Dual Wire'.
-	 * For this quirk, blocking mode is required and PCM buffer size should
-	 * be aligned to SYT_INTERVAL.
-	 */
-	channels = params_channels(hw_params);
-	if (rate_index > 4) {
-		if (channels > AMDTP_MAX_CHANNELS_FOR_PCM / 2) {
-			err = -ENOSYS;
-			return err;
-		}
-
-		rate /= 2;
-		channels *= 2;
-		dice->stream.double_pcm_frames = true;
-	} else {
-		dice->stream.double_pcm_frames = false;
-	}
-
-	mode = rate_index_to_mode(rate_index);
-	amdtp_stream_set_parameters(&dice->stream, rate, channels,
-				    dice->rx_midi_ports[mode]);
-	if (rate_index > 4) {
-		channels /= 2;
-
-		for (i = 0; i < channels; i++) {
-			dice->stream.pcm_positions[i] = i * 2;
-			dice->stream.pcm_positions[i + channels] = i * 2 + 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	amdtp_stream_set_pcm_format(&dice->stream,
-				    params_format(hw_params));
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-	dice_stream_stop(dice);
-	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-
-static int dice_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&dice->stream))
-		dice_stream_stop_packets(dice);
-
-	err = dice_stream_start(dice);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
-		return err;
-	}
-
-	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&dice->stream);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
-
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-		pcm = substream;
-		break;
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		pcm = NULL;
-		break;
-	default:
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_trigger(&dice->stream, pcm);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static snd_pcm_uframes_t dice_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-
-	return amdtp_stream_pcm_pointer(&dice->stream);
-}
-
-static int dice_create_pcm(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	static struct snd_pcm_ops ops = {
-		.open      = dice_open,
-		.close     = dice_close,
-		.ioctl     = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params = dice_hw_params,
-		.hw_free   = dice_hw_free,
-		.prepare   = dice_prepare,
-		.trigger   = dice_trigger,
-		.pointer   = dice_pointer,
-		.page      = snd_pcm_lib_get_vmalloc_page,
-		.mmap      = snd_pcm_lib_mmap_vmalloc,
-	};
-	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_new(dice->card, "DICE", 0, 1, 0, &pcm);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	pcm->private_data = dice;
-	strcpy(pcm->name, dice->card->shortname);
-	pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream->ops = &ops;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static long dice_hwdep_read(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, char __user *buf,
-			    long count, loff_t *offset)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = hwdep->private_data;
-	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
-	union snd_firewire_event event;
-
-	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	while (!dice->dev_lock_changed && dice->notification_bits == 0) {
-		prepare_to_wait(&dice->hwdep_wait, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
-		spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
-		schedule();
-		finish_wait(&dice->hwdep_wait, &wait);
-		if (signal_pending(current))
-			return -ERESTARTSYS;
-		spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
-	}
-
-	memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
-	if (dice->dev_lock_changed) {
-		event.lock_status.type = SNDRV_FIREWIRE_EVENT_LOCK_STATUS;
-		event.lock_status.status = dice->dev_lock_count > 0;
-		dice->dev_lock_changed = false;
-
-		count = min(count, (long)sizeof(event.lock_status));
-	} else {
-		event.dice_notification.type = SNDRV_FIREWIRE_EVENT_DICE_NOTIFICATION;
-		event.dice_notification.notification = dice->notification_bits;
-		dice->notification_bits = 0;
-
-		count = min(count, (long)sizeof(event.dice_notification));
-	}
-
-	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	if (copy_to_user(buf, &event, count))
-		return -EFAULT;
-
-	return count;
-}
-
-static unsigned int dice_hwdep_poll(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, struct file *file,
-				    poll_table *wait)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = hwdep->private_data;
-	unsigned int events;
-
-	poll_wait(file, &dice->hwdep_wait, wait);
-
-	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
-	if (dice->dev_lock_changed || dice->notification_bits != 0)
-		events = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
-	else
-		events = 0;
-	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	return events;
-}
-
-static int dice_hwdep_get_info(struct dice *dice, void __user *arg)
-{
-	struct fw_device *dev = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
-	struct snd_firewire_get_info info;
-
-	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
-	info.type = SNDRV_FIREWIRE_TYPE_DICE;
-	info.card = dev->card->index;
-	*(__be32 *)&info.guid[0] = cpu_to_be32(dev->config_rom[3]);
-	*(__be32 *)&info.guid[4] = cpu_to_be32(dev->config_rom[4]);
-	strlcpy(info.device_name, dev_name(&dev->device),
-		sizeof(info.device_name));
-
-	if (copy_to_user(arg, &info, sizeof(info)))
-		return -EFAULT;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_hwdep_lock(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	if (dice->dev_lock_count == 0) {
-		dice->dev_lock_count = -1;
-		err = 0;
-	} else {
-		err = -EBUSY;
-	}
-
-	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int dice_hwdep_unlock(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	if (dice->dev_lock_count == -1) {
-		dice->dev_lock_count = 0;
-		err = 0;
-	} else {
-		err = -EBADFD;
-	}
-
-	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int dice_hwdep_release(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, struct file *file)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = hwdep->private_data;
-
-	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
-	if (dice->dev_lock_count == -1)
-		dice->dev_lock_count = 0;
-	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_hwdep_ioctl(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, struct file *file,
-			    unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = hwdep->private_data;
-
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case SNDRV_FIREWIRE_IOCTL_GET_INFO:
-		return dice_hwdep_get_info(dice, (void __user *)arg);
-	case SNDRV_FIREWIRE_IOCTL_LOCK:
-		return dice_hwdep_lock(dice);
-	case SNDRV_FIREWIRE_IOCTL_UNLOCK:
-		return dice_hwdep_unlock(dice);
-	default:
-		return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
-	}
-}
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
-static int dice_hwdep_compat_ioctl(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, struct file *file,
-				   unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
-{
-	return dice_hwdep_ioctl(hwdep, file, cmd,
-				(unsigned long)compat_ptr(arg));
-}
-#else
-#define dice_hwdep_compat_ioctl NULL
-#endif
-
-static int dice_create_hwdep(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	static const struct snd_hwdep_ops ops = {
-		.read         = dice_hwdep_read,
-		.release      = dice_hwdep_release,
-		.poll         = dice_hwdep_poll,
-		.ioctl        = dice_hwdep_ioctl,
-		.ioctl_compat = dice_hwdep_compat_ioctl,
-	};
-	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_hwdep_new(dice->card, "DICE", 0, &hwdep);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	strcpy(hwdep->name, "DICE");
-	hwdep->iface = SNDRV_HWDEP_IFACE_FW_DICE;
-	hwdep->ops = ops;
-	hwdep->private_data = dice;
-	hwdep->exclusive = true;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_proc_read_mem(struct dice *dice, void *buffer,
-			      unsigned int offset_q, unsigned int quadlets)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
-				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE + 4 * offset_q,
-				 buffer, 4 * quadlets, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < quadlets; ++i)
-		be32_to_cpus(&((u32 *)buffer)[i]);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static const char *str_from_array(const char *const strs[], unsigned int count,
-				  unsigned int i)
-{
-	if (i < count)
-		return strs[i];
-	else
-		return "(unknown)";
-}
-
-static void dice_proc_fixup_string(char *s, unsigned int size)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < size; i += 4)
-		cpu_to_le32s((u32 *)(s + i));
-
-	for (i = 0; i < size - 2; ++i) {
-		if (s[i] == '\0')
-			return;
-		if (s[i] == '\\' && s[i + 1] == '\\') {
-			s[i + 2] = '\0';
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-	s[size - 1] = '\0';
-}
-
-static void dice_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
-			   struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
-{
-	static const char *const section_names[5] = {
-		"global", "tx", "rx", "ext_sync", "unused2"
-	};
-	static const char *const clock_sources[] = {
-		"aes1", "aes2", "aes3", "aes4", "aes", "adat", "tdif",
-		"wc", "arx1", "arx2", "arx3", "arx4", "internal"
-	};
-	static const char *const rates[] = {
-		"32000", "44100", "48000", "88200", "96000", "176400", "192000",
-		"any low", "any mid", "any high", "none"
-	};
-	struct dice *dice = entry->private_data;
-	u32 sections[ARRAY_SIZE(section_names) * 2];
-	struct {
-		u32 number;
-		u32 size;
-	} tx_rx_header;
-	union {
-		struct {
-			u32 owner_hi, owner_lo;
-			u32 notification;
-			char nick_name[NICK_NAME_SIZE];
-			u32 clock_select;
-			u32 enable;
-			u32 status;
-			u32 extended_status;
-			u32 sample_rate;
-			u32 version;
-			u32 clock_caps;
-			char clock_source_names[CLOCK_SOURCE_NAMES_SIZE];
-		} global;
-		struct {
-			u32 iso;
-			u32 number_audio;
-			u32 number_midi;
-			u32 speed;
-			char names[TX_NAMES_SIZE];
-			u32 ac3_caps;
-			u32 ac3_enable;
-		} tx;
-		struct {
-			u32 iso;
-			u32 seq_start;
-			u32 number_audio;
-			u32 number_midi;
-			char names[RX_NAMES_SIZE];
-			u32 ac3_caps;
-			u32 ac3_enable;
-		} rx;
-		struct {
-			u32 clock_source;
-			u32 locked;
-			u32 rate;
-			u32 adat_user_data;
-		} ext_sync;
-	} buf;
-	unsigned int quadlets, stream, i;
-
-	if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, sections, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(sections)) < 0)
-		return;
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "sections:\n");
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(section_names); ++i)
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  %s: offset %u, size %u\n",
-			    section_names[i],
-			    sections[i * 2], sections[i * 2 + 1]);
-
-	quadlets = min_t(u32, sections[1], sizeof(buf.global) / 4);
-	if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &buf.global, sections[0], quadlets) < 0)
-		return;
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "global:\n");
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  owner: %04x:%04x%08x\n",
-		    buf.global.owner_hi >> 16,
-		    buf.global.owner_hi & 0xffff, buf.global.owner_lo);
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  notification: %08x\n", buf.global.notification);
-	dice_proc_fixup_string(buf.global.nick_name, NICK_NAME_SIZE);
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  nick name: %s\n", buf.global.nick_name);
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  clock select: %s %s\n",
-		    str_from_array(clock_sources, ARRAY_SIZE(clock_sources),
-				   buf.global.clock_select & CLOCK_SOURCE_MASK),
-		    str_from_array(rates, ARRAY_SIZE(rates),
-				   (buf.global.clock_select & CLOCK_RATE_MASK)
-				   >> CLOCK_RATE_SHIFT));
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  enable: %u\n", buf.global.enable);
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  status: %slocked %s\n",
-		    buf.global.status & STATUS_SOURCE_LOCKED ? "" : "un",
-		    str_from_array(rates, ARRAY_SIZE(rates),
-				   (buf.global.status &
-				    STATUS_NOMINAL_RATE_MASK)
-				   >> CLOCK_RATE_SHIFT));
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ext status: %08x\n", buf.global.extended_status);
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  sample rate: %u\n", buf.global.sample_rate);
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  version: %u.%u.%u.%u\n",
-		    (buf.global.version >> 24) & 0xff,
-		    (buf.global.version >> 16) & 0xff,
-		    (buf.global.version >>  8) & 0xff,
-		    (buf.global.version >>  0) & 0xff);
-	if (quadlets >= 90) {
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  clock caps:");
-		for (i = 0; i <= 6; ++i)
-			if (buf.global.clock_caps & (1 << i))
-				snd_iprintf(buffer, " %s", rates[i]);
-		for (i = 0; i <= 12; ++i)
-			if (buf.global.clock_caps & (1 << (16 + i)))
-				snd_iprintf(buffer, " %s", clock_sources[i]);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "\n");
-		dice_proc_fixup_string(buf.global.clock_source_names,
-				       CLOCK_SOURCE_NAMES_SIZE);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  clock source names: %s\n",
-			    buf.global.clock_source_names);
-	}
-
-	if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &tx_rx_header, sections[2], 2) < 0)
-		return;
-	quadlets = min_t(u32, tx_rx_header.size, sizeof(buf.tx) / 4);
-	for (stream = 0; stream < tx_rx_header.number; ++stream) {
-		if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &buf.tx, sections[2] + 2 +
-				       stream * tx_rx_header.size,
-				       quadlets) < 0)
-			break;
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "tx %u:\n", stream);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  iso channel: %d\n", (int)buf.tx.iso);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  audio channels: %u\n",
-			    buf.tx.number_audio);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  midi ports: %u\n", buf.tx.number_midi);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  speed: S%u\n", 100u << buf.tx.speed);
-		if (quadlets >= 68) {
-			dice_proc_fixup_string(buf.tx.names, TX_NAMES_SIZE);
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  names: %s\n", buf.tx.names);
-		}
-		if (quadlets >= 70) {
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ac3 caps: %08x\n",
-				    buf.tx.ac3_caps);
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ac3 enable: %08x\n",
-				    buf.tx.ac3_enable);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &tx_rx_header, sections[4], 2) < 0)
-		return;
-	quadlets = min_t(u32, tx_rx_header.size, sizeof(buf.rx) / 4);
-	for (stream = 0; stream < tx_rx_header.number; ++stream) {
-		if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &buf.rx, sections[4] + 2 +
-				       stream * tx_rx_header.size,
-				       quadlets) < 0)
-			break;
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "rx %u:\n", stream);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  iso channel: %d\n", (int)buf.rx.iso);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  sequence start: %u\n", buf.rx.seq_start);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  audio channels: %u\n",
-			    buf.rx.number_audio);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  midi ports: %u\n", buf.rx.number_midi);
-		if (quadlets >= 68) {
-			dice_proc_fixup_string(buf.rx.names, RX_NAMES_SIZE);
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  names: %s\n", buf.rx.names);
-		}
-		if (quadlets >= 70) {
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ac3 caps: %08x\n",
-				    buf.rx.ac3_caps);
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ac3 enable: %08x\n",
-				    buf.rx.ac3_enable);
-		}
-	}
-
-	quadlets = min_t(u32, sections[7], sizeof(buf.ext_sync) / 4);
-	if (quadlets >= 4) {
-		if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &buf.ext_sync,
-				       sections[6], 4) < 0)
-			return;
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "ext status:\n");
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  clock source: %s\n",
-			    str_from_array(clock_sources,
-					   ARRAY_SIZE(clock_sources),
-					   buf.ext_sync.clock_source));
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  locked: %u\n", buf.ext_sync.locked);
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  rate: %s\n",
-			    str_from_array(rates, ARRAY_SIZE(rates),
-					   buf.ext_sync.rate));
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  adat user data: ");
-		if (buf.ext_sync.adat_user_data & ADAT_USER_DATA_NO_DATA)
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "-\n");
-		else
-			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%x\n",
-				    buf.ext_sync.adat_user_data);
-	}
-}
-
-static void dice_create_proc(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
-
-	if (!snd_card_proc_new(dice->card, "dice", &entry))
-		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, dice, dice_proc_read);
-}
-
-static void dice_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = card->private_data;
-
-	amdtp_stream_destroy(&dice->stream);
-	fw_core_remove_address_handler(&dice->notification_handler);
-	mutex_destroy(&dice->mutex);
-}
-
-#define OUI_WEISS		0x001c6a
-
-#define DICE_CATEGORY_ID	0x04
-#define WEISS_CATEGORY_ID	0x00
-
-static int dice_interface_check(struct fw_unit *unit)
-{
-	static const int min_values[10] = {
-		10, 0x64 / 4,
-		10, 0x18 / 4,
-		10, 0x18 / 4,
-		0, 0,
-		0, 0,
-	};
-	struct fw_device *device = fw_parent_device(unit);
-	struct fw_csr_iterator it;
-	int key, value, vendor = -1, model = -1, err;
-	unsigned int category, i;
-	__be32 pointers[ARRAY_SIZE(min_values)];
-	__be32 tx_data[4];
-	__be32 version;
-
-	/*
-	 * Check that GUID and unit directory are constructed according to DICE
-	 * rules, i.e., that the specifier ID is the GUID's OUI, and that the
-	 * GUID chip ID consists of the 8-bit category ID, the 10-bit product
-	 * ID, and a 22-bit serial number.
-	 */
-	fw_csr_iterator_init(&it, unit->directory);
-	while (fw_csr_iterator_next(&it, &key, &value)) {
-		switch (key) {
-		case CSR_SPECIFIER_ID:
-			vendor = value;
-			break;
-		case CSR_MODEL:
-			model = value;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	if (vendor == OUI_WEISS)
-		category = WEISS_CATEGORY_ID;
-	else
-		category = DICE_CATEGORY_ID;
-	if (device->config_rom[3] != ((vendor << 8) | category) ||
-	    device->config_rom[4] >> 22 != model)
-		return -ENODEV;
-
-	/*
-	 * Check that the sub address spaces exist and are located inside the
-	 * private address space.  The minimum values are chosen so that all
-	 * minimally required registers are included.
-	 */
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
-				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE,
-				 pointers, sizeof(pointers), 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return -ENODEV;
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pointers); ++i) {
-		value = be32_to_cpu(pointers[i]);
-		if (value < min_values[i] || value >= 0x40000)
-			return -ENODEV;
-	}
-
-	/* We support playback only. Let capture devices be handled by FFADO. */
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
-				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE +
-				 be32_to_cpu(pointers[2]) * 4,
-				 tx_data, sizeof(tx_data), 0);
-	if (err < 0 || (tx_data[0] && tx_data[3]))
-		return -ENODEV;
-
-	/*
-	 * Check that the implemented DICE driver specification major version
-	 * number matches.
-	 */
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE +
-				 be32_to_cpu(pointers[0]) * 4 + GLOBAL_VERSION,
-				 &version, 4, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return -ENODEV;
-	if ((version & cpu_to_be32(0xff000000)) != cpu_to_be32(0x01000000)) {
-		dev_err(&unit->device,
-			"unknown DICE version: 0x%08x\n", be32_to_cpu(version));
-		return -ENODEV;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int highest_supported_mode_rate(struct dice *dice, unsigned int mode)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(dice_rates) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
-		if ((dice->clock_caps & (1 << i)) &&
-		    rate_index_to_mode(i) == mode)
-			return i;
-
-	return -1;
-}
-
-static int dice_read_mode_params(struct dice *dice, unsigned int mode)
-{
-	__be32 values[2];
-	int rate_index, err;
-
-	rate_index = highest_supported_mode_rate(dice, mode);
-	if (rate_index < 0) {
-		dice->rx_channels[mode] = 0;
-		dice->rx_midi_ports[mode] = 0;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	err = dice_change_rate(dice, rate_index << CLOCK_RATE_SHIFT);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
-				 rx_address(dice, RX_NUMBER_AUDIO),
-				 values, 2 * 4, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	dice->rx_channels[mode]   = be32_to_cpu(values[0]);
-	dice->rx_midi_ports[mode] = be32_to_cpu(values[1]);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int dice_read_params(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	__be32 pointers[6];
-	__be32 value;
-	int mode, err;
-
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
-				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE,
-				 pointers, sizeof(pointers), 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	dice->global_offset = be32_to_cpu(pointers[0]) * 4;
-	dice->rx_offset = be32_to_cpu(pointers[4]) * 4;
-
-	/* some very old firmwares don't tell about their clock support */
-	if (be32_to_cpu(pointers[1]) * 4 >= GLOBAL_CLOCK_CAPABILITIES + 4) {
-		err = snd_fw_transaction(
-				dice->unit, TCODE_READ_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				global_address(dice, GLOBAL_CLOCK_CAPABILITIES),
-				&value, 4, 0);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-		dice->clock_caps = be32_to_cpu(value);
-	} else {
-		/* this should be supported by any device */
-		dice->clock_caps = CLOCK_CAP_RATE_44100 |
-				   CLOCK_CAP_RATE_48000 |
-				   CLOCK_CAP_SOURCE_ARX1 |
-				   CLOCK_CAP_SOURCE_INTERNAL;
-	}
-
-	for (mode = 2; mode >= 0; --mode) {
-		err = dice_read_mode_params(dice, mode);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void dice_card_strings(struct dice *dice)
-{
-	struct snd_card *card = dice->card;
-	struct fw_device *dev = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
-	char vendor[32], model[32];
-	unsigned int i;
-	int err;
-
-	strcpy(card->driver, "DICE");
-
-	strcpy(card->shortname, "DICE");
-	BUILD_BUG_ON(NICK_NAME_SIZE < sizeof(card->shortname));
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
-				 global_address(dice, GLOBAL_NICK_NAME),
-				 card->shortname, sizeof(card->shortname), 0);
-	if (err >= 0) {
-		/* DICE strings are returned in "always-wrong" endianness */
-		BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(card->shortname) % 4 != 0);
-		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(card->shortname); i += 4)
-			swab32s((u32 *)&card->shortname[i]);
-		card->shortname[sizeof(card->shortname) - 1] = '\0';
-	}
-
-	strcpy(vendor, "?");
-	fw_csr_string(dev->config_rom + 5, CSR_VENDOR, vendor, sizeof(vendor));
-	strcpy(model, "?");
-	fw_csr_string(dice->unit->directory, CSR_MODEL, model, sizeof(model));
-	snprintf(card->longname, sizeof(card->longname),
-		 "%s %s (serial %u) at %s, S%d",
-		 vendor, model, dev->config_rom[4] & 0x3fffff,
-		 dev_name(&dice->unit->device), 100 << dev->max_speed);
-
-	strcpy(card->mixername, "DICE");
-}
-
-static int dice_probe(struct fw_unit *unit, const struct ieee1394_device_id *id)
-{
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct dice *dice;
-	__be32 clock_sel;
-	int err;
-
-	err = dice_interface_check(unit);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,
-			   sizeof(*dice), &card);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	dice = card->private_data;
-	dice->card = card;
-	spin_lock_init(&dice->lock);
-	mutex_init(&dice->mutex);
-	dice->unit = unit;
-	init_completion(&dice->clock_accepted);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&dice->hwdep_wait);
-
-	dice->notification_handler.length = 4;
-	dice->notification_handler.address_callback = dice_notification;
-	dice->notification_handler.callback_data = dice;
-	err = fw_core_add_address_handler(&dice->notification_handler,
-					  &fw_high_memory_region);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_mutex;
-
-	err = dice_owner_set(dice);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_notification_handler;
-
-	err = dice_read_params(dice);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_owner;
-
-	err = fw_iso_resources_init(&dice->resources, unit);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_owner;
-	dice->resources.channels_mask = 0x00000000ffffffffuLL;
-
-	err = amdtp_stream_init(&dice->stream, unit, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM,
-				CIP_BLOCKING);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_resources;
-
-	card->private_free = dice_card_free;
-
-	dice_card_strings(dice);
-
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 global_address(dice, GLOBAL_CLOCK_SELECT),
-				 &clock_sel, 4, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-	clock_sel &= cpu_to_be32(~CLOCK_SOURCE_MASK);
-	clock_sel |= cpu_to_be32(CLOCK_SOURCE_ARX1);
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 global_address(dice, GLOBAL_CLOCK_SELECT),
-				 &clock_sel, 4, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	err = dice_create_pcm(dice);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	err = dice_create_hwdep(dice);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	dice_create_proc(dice);
-
-	err = snd_card_register(card);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, dice);
-
-	return 0;
-
-err_resources:
-	fw_iso_resources_destroy(&dice->resources);
-err_owner:
-	dice_owner_clear(dice);
-err_notification_handler:
-	fw_core_remove_address_handler(&dice->notification_handler);
-err_mutex:
-	mutex_destroy(&dice->mutex);
-error:
-	snd_card_free(card);
-	return err;
-}
-
-static void dice_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
-
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&dice->stream);
-
-	snd_card_disconnect(dice->card);
-
-	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	dice_stream_stop(dice);
-	dice_owner_clear(dice);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	snd_card_free_when_closed(dice->card);
-}
-
-static void dice_bus_reset(struct fw_unit *unit)
-{
-	struct dice *dice = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
-
-	/*
-	 * On a bus reset, the DICE firmware disables streaming and then goes
-	 * off contemplating its own navel for hundreds of milliseconds before
-	 * it can react to any of our attempts to reenable streaming.  This
-	 * means that we lose synchronization anyway, so we force our streams
-	 * to stop so that the application can restart them in an orderly
-	 * manner.
-	 */
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&dice->stream);
-
-	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	dice->global_enabled = false;
-	dice_stream_stop_packets(dice);
-
-	dice_owner_update(dice);
-
-	fw_iso_resources_update(&dice->resources);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
-}
-
-#define DICE_INTERFACE	0x000001
-
-static const struct ieee1394_device_id dice_id_table[] = {
-	{
-		.match_flags = IEEE1394_MATCH_VERSION,
-		.version     = DICE_INTERFACE,
-	},
-	{ }
-};
-MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(ieee1394, dice_id_table);
-
-static struct fw_driver dice_driver = {
-	.driver   = {
-		.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
-		.name	= KBUILD_MODNAME,
-		.bus	= &fw_bus_type,
-	},
-	.probe    = dice_probe,
-	.update   = dice_bus_reset,
-	.remove   = dice_remove,
-	.id_table = dice_id_table,
-};
-
-static int __init alsa_dice_init(void)
-{
-	return driver_register(&dice_driver.driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_dice_exit(void)
-{
-	driver_unregister(&dice_driver.driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_dice_init);
-module_exit(alsa_dice_exit);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/Makefile b/sound/firewire/dice/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9a48289eb9cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+snd-dice-objs := dice-transaction.o dice-stream.o dice-proc.o dice-pcm.o \
+		 dice-hwdep.o dice.o
+obj-m += snd-dice.o
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-hwdep.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-hwdep.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a4dc02a86f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-hwdep.c
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * dice_hwdep.c - a part of driver for DICE based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "dice.h"
+
+static long hwdep_read(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, char __user *buf,
+			    long count, loff_t *offset)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = hwdep->private_data;
+	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+	union snd_firewire_event event;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	while (!dice->dev_lock_changed && dice->notification_bits == 0) {
+		prepare_to_wait(&dice->hwdep_wait, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+		spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
+		schedule();
+		finish_wait(&dice->hwdep_wait, &wait);
+		if (signal_pending(current))
+			return -ERESTARTSYS;
+		spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
+	}
+
+	memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
+	if (dice->dev_lock_changed) {
+		event.lock_status.type = SNDRV_FIREWIRE_EVENT_LOCK_STATUS;
+		event.lock_status.status = dice->dev_lock_count > 0;
+		dice->dev_lock_changed = false;
+
+		count = min_t(long, count, sizeof(event.lock_status));
+	} else {
+		event.dice_notification.type =
+					SNDRV_FIREWIRE_EVENT_DICE_NOTIFICATION;
+		event.dice_notification.notification = dice->notification_bits;
+		dice->notification_bits = 0;
+
+		count = min_t(long, count, sizeof(event.dice_notification));
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	if (copy_to_user(buf, &event, count))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+static unsigned int hwdep_poll(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, struct file *file,
+			       poll_table *wait)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = hwdep->private_data;
+	unsigned int events;
+
+	poll_wait(file, &dice->hwdep_wait, wait);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
+	if (dice->dev_lock_changed || dice->notification_bits != 0)
+		events = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
+	else
+		events = 0;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	return events;
+}
+
+static int hwdep_get_info(struct snd_dice *dice, void __user *arg)
+{
+	struct fw_device *dev = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
+	struct snd_firewire_get_info info;
+
+	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+	info.type = SNDRV_FIREWIRE_TYPE_DICE;
+	info.card = dev->card->index;
+	*(__be32 *)&info.guid[0] = cpu_to_be32(dev->config_rom[3]);
+	*(__be32 *)&info.guid[4] = cpu_to_be32(dev->config_rom[4]);
+	strlcpy(info.device_name, dev_name(&dev->device),
+		sizeof(info.device_name));
+
+	if (copy_to_user(arg, &info, sizeof(info)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int hwdep_lock(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	if (dice->dev_lock_count == 0) {
+		dice->dev_lock_count = -1;
+		err = 0;
+	} else {
+		err = -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int hwdep_unlock(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	if (dice->dev_lock_count == -1) {
+		dice->dev_lock_count = 0;
+		err = 0;
+	} else {
+		err = -EBADFD;
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int hwdep_release(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = hwdep->private_data;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
+	if (dice->dev_lock_count == -1)
+		dice->dev_lock_count = 0;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int hwdep_ioctl(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, struct file *file,
+		       unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = hwdep->private_data;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_FIREWIRE_IOCTL_GET_INFO:
+		return hwdep_get_info(dice, (void __user *)arg);
+	case SNDRV_FIREWIRE_IOCTL_LOCK:
+		return hwdep_lock(dice);
+	case SNDRV_FIREWIRE_IOCTL_UNLOCK:
+		return hwdep_unlock(dice);
+	default:
+		return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+static int hwdep_compat_ioctl(struct snd_hwdep *hwdep, struct file *file,
+			      unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	return hwdep_ioctl(hwdep, file, cmd,
+			   (unsigned long)compat_ptr(arg));
+}
+#else
+#define hwdep_compat_ioctl NULL
+#endif
+
+int snd_dice_create_hwdep(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	static const struct snd_hwdep_ops ops = {
+		.read         = hwdep_read,
+		.release      = hwdep_release,
+		.poll         = hwdep_poll,
+		.ioctl        = hwdep_ioctl,
+		.ioctl_compat = hwdep_compat_ioctl,
+	};
+	struct snd_hwdep *hwdep;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_hwdep_new(dice->card, "DICE", 0, &hwdep);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	strcpy(hwdep->name, "DICE");
+	hwdep->iface = SNDRV_HWDEP_IFACE_FW_DICE;
+	hwdep->ops = ops;
+	hwdep->private_data = dice;
+	hwdep->exclusive = true;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice-interface.h b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-interface.h
index 27b044f84c81..27b044f84c81 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/dice-interface.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-interface.h
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-pcm.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-pcm.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2e531bd30e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-pcm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+/*
+ * dice_pcm.c - a part of driver for DICE based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "dice.h"
+
+static int dice_rate_constraint(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+				struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = rule->private;
+
+	const struct snd_interval *c =
+		hw_param_interval_c(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+	struct snd_interval *r =
+		hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+	struct snd_interval rates = {
+		.min = UINT_MAX, .max = 0, .integer = 1
+	};
+	unsigned int i, rate, mode, *pcm_channels = dice->rx_channels;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dice_rates); ++i) {
+		rate = snd_dice_rates[i];
+		if (snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(dice, rate, &mode) < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!snd_interval_test(c, pcm_channels[mode]))
+			continue;
+
+		rates.min = min(rates.min, rate);
+		rates.max = max(rates.max, rate);
+	}
+
+	return snd_interval_refine(r, &rates);
+}
+
+static int dice_channels_constraint(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+				    struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = rule->private;
+
+	const struct snd_interval *r =
+		hw_param_interval_c(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+	struct snd_interval *c =
+		hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+	struct snd_interval channels = {
+		.min = UINT_MAX, .max = 0, .integer = 1
+	};
+	unsigned int i, rate, mode, *pcm_channels = dice->rx_channels;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dice_rates); ++i) {
+		rate = snd_dice_rates[i];
+		if (snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(dice, rate, &mode) < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!snd_interval_test(r, rate))
+			continue;
+
+		channels.min = min(channels.min, pcm_channels[mode]);
+		channels.max = max(channels.max, pcm_channels[mode]);
+	}
+
+	return snd_interval_refine(c, &channels);
+}
+
+static void limit_channels_and_rates(struct snd_dice *dice,
+				     struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime,
+				     unsigned int *pcm_channels)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw = &runtime->hw;
+	unsigned int i, rate, mode;
+
+	hw->channels_min = UINT_MAX;
+	hw->channels_max = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dice_rates); ++i) {
+		rate = snd_dice_rates[i];
+		if (snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(dice, rate, &mode) < 0)
+			continue;
+		hw->rates |= snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(rate);
+
+		if (pcm_channels[mode] == 0)
+			continue;
+		hw->channels_min = min(hw->channels_min, pcm_channels[mode]);
+		hw->channels_max = max(hw->channels_max, pcm_channels[mode]);
+	}
+
+	snd_pcm_limit_hw_rates(runtime);
+}
+
+static void limit_period_and_buffer(struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw)
+{
+	hw->periods_min = 2;			/* SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH */
+	hw->periods_max = UINT_MAX;
+
+	hw->period_bytes_min = 4 * hw->channels_max;    /* byte for a frame */
+
+	/* Just to prevent from allocating much pages. */
+	hw->period_bytes_max = hw->period_bytes_min * 2048;
+	hw->buffer_bytes_max = hw->period_bytes_max * hw->periods_min;
+}
+
+static int init_hw_info(struct snd_dice *dice,
+			struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw = &runtime->hw;
+	int err;
+
+	hw->info = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
+		   SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
+		   SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH |
+		   SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+		   SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER;
+	hw->formats = AMDTP_OUT_PCM_FORMAT_BITS;
+
+	limit_channels_and_rates(dice, runtime, dice->rx_channels);
+	limit_period_and_buffer(hw);
+
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				  dice_rate_constraint, dice,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				  dice_channels_constraint, dice,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	err = amdtp_stream_add_pcm_hw_constraints(&dice->rx_stream, runtime);
+end:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_dice_stream_lock_try(dice);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	err = init_hw_info(dice, substream);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto err_locked;
+end:
+	return err;
+err_locked:
+	snd_dice_stream_lock_release(dice);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
+
+	snd_dice_stream_lock_release(dice);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
+	unsigned int mode, rate, channels, i;
+	int err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
+	snd_dice_stream_stop(dice);
+	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
+
+	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
+					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_set_rate(dice, rate);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(dice, rate, &mode) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/*
+	 * At 176.4/192.0 kHz, Dice has a quirk to transfer two PCM frames in
+	 * one data block of AMDTP packet. Thus sampling transfer frequency is
+	 * a half of PCM sampling frequency, i.e. PCM frames at 192.0 kHz are
+	 * transferred on AMDTP packets at 96 kHz. Two successive samples of a
+	 * channel are stored consecutively in the packet. This quirk is called
+	 * as 'Dual Wire'.
+	 * For this quirk, blocking mode is required and PCM buffer size should
+	 * be aligned to SYT_INTERVAL.
+	 */
+	channels = params_channels(hw_params);
+	if (mode > 1) {
+		if (channels > AMDTP_MAX_CHANNELS_FOR_PCM / 2) {
+			err = -ENOSYS;
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		rate /= 2;
+		channels *= 2;
+		dice->rx_stream.double_pcm_frames = true;
+	} else {
+		dice->rx_stream.double_pcm_frames = false;
+	}
+
+	amdtp_stream_set_parameters(&dice->rx_stream, rate, channels,
+				    dice->rx_midi_ports[mode]);
+	if (mode > 1) {
+		channels /= 2;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < channels; i++) {
+			dice->rx_stream.pcm_positions[i] = i * 2;
+			dice->rx_stream.pcm_positions[i + channels] = i * 2 + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	amdtp_stream_set_pcm_format(&dice->rx_stream,
+				    params_format(hw_params));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
+	snd_dice_stream_stop(dice);
+	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
+
+	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
+}
+
+static int playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
+	int err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
+
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&dice->rx_stream))
+		snd_dice_stream_stop_packets(dice);
+
+	err = snd_dice_stream_start(dice);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
+
+	amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&dice->rx_stream);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		amdtp_stream_pcm_trigger(&dice->rx_stream, substream);
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		amdtp_stream_pcm_trigger(&dice->rx_stream, NULL);
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t playback_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
+
+	return amdtp_stream_pcm_pointer(&dice->rx_stream);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_create_pcm(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	static struct snd_pcm_ops playback_ops = {
+		.open      = pcm_open,
+		.close     = pcm_close,
+		.ioctl     = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+		.hw_params = playback_hw_params,
+		.hw_free   = playback_hw_free,
+		.prepare   = playback_prepare,
+		.trigger   = playback_trigger,
+		.pointer   = playback_pointer,
+		.page      = snd_pcm_lib_get_vmalloc_page,
+		.mmap      = snd_pcm_lib_mmap_vmalloc,
+	};
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_new(dice->card, "DICE", 0, 1, 0, &pcm);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	pcm->private_data = dice;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, dice->card->shortname);
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &playback_ops);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-proc.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-proc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f5c1d1bced59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-proc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+/*
+ * dice_proc.c - a part of driver for Dice based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Takashi Sakamoto
+ *
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "dice.h"
+
+static int dice_proc_read_mem(struct snd_dice *dice, void *buffer,
+			      unsigned int offset_q, unsigned int quadlets)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
+				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE + 4 * offset_q,
+				 buffer, 4 * quadlets, 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < quadlets; ++i)
+		be32_to_cpus(&((u32 *)buffer)[i]);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *str_from_array(const char *const strs[], unsigned int count,
+				  unsigned int i)
+{
+	if (i < count)
+		return strs[i];
+
+	return "(unknown)";
+}
+
+static void dice_proc_fixup_string(char *s, unsigned int size)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i += 4)
+		cpu_to_le32s((u32 *)(s + i));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size - 2; ++i) {
+		if (s[i] == '\0')
+			return;
+		if (s[i] == '\\' && s[i + 1] == '\\') {
+			s[i + 2] = '\0';
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	s[size - 1] = '\0';
+}
+
+static void dice_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
+			   struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
+{
+	static const char *const section_names[5] = {
+		"global", "tx", "rx", "ext_sync", "unused2"
+	};
+	static const char *const clock_sources[] = {
+		"aes1", "aes2", "aes3", "aes4", "aes", "adat", "tdif",
+		"wc", "arx1", "arx2", "arx3", "arx4", "internal"
+	};
+	static const char *const rates[] = {
+		"32000", "44100", "48000", "88200", "96000", "176400", "192000",
+		"any low", "any mid", "any high", "none"
+	};
+	struct snd_dice *dice = entry->private_data;
+	u32 sections[ARRAY_SIZE(section_names) * 2];
+	struct {
+		u32 number;
+		u32 size;
+	} tx_rx_header;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			u32 owner_hi, owner_lo;
+			u32 notification;
+			char nick_name[NICK_NAME_SIZE];
+			u32 clock_select;
+			u32 enable;
+			u32 status;
+			u32 extended_status;
+			u32 sample_rate;
+			u32 version;
+			u32 clock_caps;
+			char clock_source_names[CLOCK_SOURCE_NAMES_SIZE];
+		} global;
+		struct {
+			u32 iso;
+			u32 number_audio;
+			u32 number_midi;
+			u32 speed;
+			char names[TX_NAMES_SIZE];
+			u32 ac3_caps;
+			u32 ac3_enable;
+		} tx;
+		struct {
+			u32 iso;
+			u32 seq_start;
+			u32 number_audio;
+			u32 number_midi;
+			char names[RX_NAMES_SIZE];
+			u32 ac3_caps;
+			u32 ac3_enable;
+		} rx;
+		struct {
+			u32 clock_source;
+			u32 locked;
+			u32 rate;
+			u32 adat_user_data;
+		} ext_sync;
+	} buf;
+	unsigned int quadlets, stream, i;
+
+	if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, sections, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(sections)) < 0)
+		return;
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "sections:\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(section_names); ++i)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  %s: offset %u, size %u\n",
+			    section_names[i],
+			    sections[i * 2], sections[i * 2 + 1]);
+
+	quadlets = min_t(u32, sections[1], sizeof(buf.global) / 4);
+	if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &buf.global, sections[0], quadlets) < 0)
+		return;
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "global:\n");
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  owner: %04x:%04x%08x\n",
+		    buf.global.owner_hi >> 16,
+		    buf.global.owner_hi & 0xffff, buf.global.owner_lo);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  notification: %08x\n", buf.global.notification);
+	dice_proc_fixup_string(buf.global.nick_name, NICK_NAME_SIZE);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  nick name: %s\n", buf.global.nick_name);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  clock select: %s %s\n",
+		    str_from_array(clock_sources, ARRAY_SIZE(clock_sources),
+				   buf.global.clock_select & CLOCK_SOURCE_MASK),
+		    str_from_array(rates, ARRAY_SIZE(rates),
+				   (buf.global.clock_select & CLOCK_RATE_MASK)
+				   >> CLOCK_RATE_SHIFT));
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  enable: %u\n", buf.global.enable);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  status: %slocked %s\n",
+		    buf.global.status & STATUS_SOURCE_LOCKED ? "" : "un",
+		    str_from_array(rates, ARRAY_SIZE(rates),
+				   (buf.global.status &
+				    STATUS_NOMINAL_RATE_MASK)
+				   >> CLOCK_RATE_SHIFT));
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ext status: %08x\n", buf.global.extended_status);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  sample rate: %u\n", buf.global.sample_rate);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  version: %u.%u.%u.%u\n",
+		    (buf.global.version >> 24) & 0xff,
+		    (buf.global.version >> 16) & 0xff,
+		    (buf.global.version >>  8) & 0xff,
+		    (buf.global.version >>  0) & 0xff);
+	if (quadlets >= 90) {
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  clock caps:");
+		for (i = 0; i <= 6; ++i)
+			if (buf.global.clock_caps & (1 << i))
+				snd_iprintf(buffer, " %s", rates[i]);
+		for (i = 0; i <= 12; ++i)
+			if (buf.global.clock_caps & (1 << (16 + i)))
+				snd_iprintf(buffer, " %s", clock_sources[i]);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "\n");
+		dice_proc_fixup_string(buf.global.clock_source_names,
+				       CLOCK_SOURCE_NAMES_SIZE);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  clock source names: %s\n",
+			    buf.global.clock_source_names);
+	}
+
+	if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &tx_rx_header, sections[2], 2) < 0)
+		return;
+	quadlets = min_t(u32, tx_rx_header.size, sizeof(buf.tx) / 4);
+	for (stream = 0; stream < tx_rx_header.number; ++stream) {
+		if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &buf.tx, sections[2] + 2 +
+				       stream * tx_rx_header.size,
+				       quadlets) < 0)
+			break;
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "tx %u:\n", stream);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  iso channel: %d\n", (int)buf.tx.iso);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  audio channels: %u\n",
+			    buf.tx.number_audio);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  midi ports: %u\n", buf.tx.number_midi);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  speed: S%u\n", 100u << buf.tx.speed);
+		if (quadlets >= 68) {
+			dice_proc_fixup_string(buf.tx.names, TX_NAMES_SIZE);
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  names: %s\n", buf.tx.names);
+		}
+		if (quadlets >= 70) {
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ac3 caps: %08x\n",
+				    buf.tx.ac3_caps);
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ac3 enable: %08x\n",
+				    buf.tx.ac3_enable);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &tx_rx_header, sections[4], 2) < 0)
+		return;
+	quadlets = min_t(u32, tx_rx_header.size, sizeof(buf.rx) / 4);
+	for (stream = 0; stream < tx_rx_header.number; ++stream) {
+		if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &buf.rx, sections[4] + 2 +
+				       stream * tx_rx_header.size,
+				       quadlets) < 0)
+			break;
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "rx %u:\n", stream);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  iso channel: %d\n", (int)buf.rx.iso);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  sequence start: %u\n", buf.rx.seq_start);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  audio channels: %u\n",
+			    buf.rx.number_audio);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  midi ports: %u\n", buf.rx.number_midi);
+		if (quadlets >= 68) {
+			dice_proc_fixup_string(buf.rx.names, RX_NAMES_SIZE);
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  names: %s\n", buf.rx.names);
+		}
+		if (quadlets >= 70) {
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ac3 caps: %08x\n",
+				    buf.rx.ac3_caps);
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "  ac3 enable: %08x\n",
+				    buf.rx.ac3_enable);
+		}
+	}
+
+	quadlets = min_t(u32, sections[7], sizeof(buf.ext_sync) / 4);
+	if (quadlets >= 4) {
+		if (dice_proc_read_mem(dice, &buf.ext_sync,
+				       sections[6], 4) < 0)
+			return;
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "ext status:\n");
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  clock source: %s\n",
+			    str_from_array(clock_sources,
+					   ARRAY_SIZE(clock_sources),
+					   buf.ext_sync.clock_source));
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  locked: %u\n", buf.ext_sync.locked);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  rate: %s\n",
+			    str_from_array(rates, ARRAY_SIZE(rates),
+					   buf.ext_sync.rate));
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "  adat user data: ");
+		if (buf.ext_sync.adat_user_data & ADAT_USER_DATA_NO_DATA)
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "-\n");
+		else
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%x\n",
+				    buf.ext_sync.adat_user_data);
+	}
+}
+
+void snd_dice_create_proc(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	struct snd_info_entry *entry;
+
+	if (!snd_card_proc_new(dice->card, "dice", &entry))
+		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, dice, dice_proc_read);
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-stream.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-stream.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c4c4fff6272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-stream.c
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+ * dice_stream.c - a part of driver for DICE based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "dice.h"
+
+const unsigned int snd_dice_rates[SND_DICE_RATES_COUNT] = {
+	/* mode 0 */
+	[0] =  32000,
+	[1] =  44100,
+	[2] =  48000,
+	/* mode 1 */
+	[3] =  88200,
+	[4] =  96000,
+	/* mode 2 */
+	[5] = 176400,
+	[6] = 192000,
+};
+
+int snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate,
+				  unsigned int *mode)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dice_rates); i++) {
+		if (!(dice->clock_caps & BIT(i)))
+			continue;
+		if (snd_dice_rates[i] != rate)
+			continue;
+
+		*mode = (i - 1) / 2;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int snd_dice_stream_start_packets(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (amdtp_stream_running(&dice->rx_stream))
+		return 0;
+
+	err = amdtp_stream_start(&dice->rx_stream, dice->rx_resources.channel,
+				 fw_parent_device(dice->unit)->max_speed);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_set_enable(dice);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&dice->rx_stream);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_dice_stream_start(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	__be32 channel;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!dice->rx_resources.allocated) {
+		err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&dice->rx_resources,
+				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&dice->rx_stream),
+				fw_parent_device(dice->unit)->max_speed);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
+
+		channel = cpu_to_be32(dice->rx_resources.channel);
+		err = snd_dice_transaction_write_tx(dice, RX_ISOCHRONOUS,
+						    &channel, 4);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto err_resources;
+	}
+
+	err = snd_dice_stream_start_packets(dice);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto err_rx_channel;
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_rx_channel:
+	channel = cpu_to_be32((u32)-1);
+	snd_dice_transaction_write_rx(dice, RX_ISOCHRONOUS, &channel, 4);
+err_resources:
+	fw_iso_resources_free(&dice->rx_resources);
+error:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void snd_dice_stream_stop_packets(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&dice->rx_stream))
+		return;
+
+	snd_dice_transaction_clear_enable(dice);
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&dice->rx_stream);
+}
+
+void snd_dice_stream_stop(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	__be32 channel;
+
+	snd_dice_stream_stop_packets(dice);
+
+	if (!dice->rx_resources.allocated)
+		return;
+
+	channel = cpu_to_be32((u32)-1);
+	snd_dice_transaction_write_rx(dice, RX_ISOCHRONOUS, &channel, 4);
+
+	fw_iso_resources_free(&dice->rx_resources);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_stream_init(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = fw_iso_resources_init(&dice->rx_resources, dice->unit);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+	dice->rx_resources.channels_mask = 0x00000000ffffffffuLL;
+
+	err = amdtp_stream_init(&dice->rx_stream, dice->unit, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM,
+				CIP_BLOCKING);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_set_clock_source(dice, CLOCK_SOURCE_ARX1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+end:
+	return err;
+error:
+	amdtp_stream_destroy(&dice->rx_stream);
+	fw_iso_resources_destroy(&dice->rx_resources);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void snd_dice_stream_destroy(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&dice->rx_stream);
+	snd_dice_stream_stop(dice);
+	amdtp_stream_destroy(&dice->rx_stream);
+	fw_iso_resources_destroy(&dice->rx_resources);
+}
+
+void snd_dice_stream_update(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	/*
+	 * On a bus reset, the DICE firmware disables streaming and then goes
+	 * off contemplating its own navel for hundreds of milliseconds before
+	 * it can react to any of our attempts to reenable streaming.  This
+	 * means that we lose synchronization anyway, so we force our streams
+	 * to stop so that the application can restart them in an orderly
+	 * manner.
+	 */
+	dice->global_enabled = false;
+
+	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&dice->rx_stream);
+	snd_dice_stream_stop_packets(dice);
+	fw_iso_resources_update(&dice->rx_resources);
+}
+
+static void dice_lock_changed(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	dice->dev_lock_changed = true;
+	wake_up(&dice->hwdep_wait);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_stream_lock_try(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	if (dice->dev_lock_count < 0) {
+		err = -EBUSY;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (dice->dev_lock_count++ == 0)
+		dice_lock_changed(dice);
+	err = 0;
+out:
+	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void snd_dice_stream_lock_release(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	spin_lock_irq(&dice->lock);
+
+	if (WARN_ON(dice->dev_lock_count <= 0))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (--dice->dev_lock_count == 0)
+		dice_lock_changed(dice);
+out:
+	spin_unlock_irq(&dice->lock);
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-transaction.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-transaction.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1fe304c0a044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-transaction.c
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+/*
+ * dice_transaction.c - a part of driver for Dice based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Takashi Sakamoto
+ *
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "dice.h"
+
+#define NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_MS	100
+
+static u64 get_subaddr(struct snd_dice *dice, enum snd_dice_addr_type type,
+		       u64 offset)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_TX:
+		offset += dice->tx_offset;
+		break;
+	case SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_RX:
+		offset += dice->rx_offset;
+		break;
+	case SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_SYNC:
+		offset += dice->sync_offset;
+		break;
+	case SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_RSRV:
+		offset += dice->rsrv_offset;
+		break;
+	case SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_GLOBAL:
+	default:
+		offset += dice->global_offset;
+		break;
+	}
+	offset += DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE;
+	return offset;
+}
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_write(struct snd_dice *dice,
+			       enum snd_dice_addr_type type,
+			       unsigned int offset, void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit,
+				  (len == 4) ? TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST :
+					       TCODE_WRITE_BLOCK_REQUEST,
+				  get_subaddr(dice, type, offset), buf, len, 0);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_read(struct snd_dice *dice,
+			      enum snd_dice_addr_type type, unsigned int offset,
+			      void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit,
+				  (len == 4) ? TCODE_READ_QUADLET_REQUEST :
+					       TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
+				  get_subaddr(dice, type, offset), buf, len, 0);
+}
+
+static unsigned int get_clock_info(struct snd_dice *dice, __be32 *info)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_read_global(dice, GLOBAL_CLOCK_SELECT,
+						info, 4);
+}
+
+static int set_clock_info(struct snd_dice *dice,
+			  unsigned int rate, unsigned int source)
+{
+	unsigned int retries = 3;
+	unsigned int i;
+	__be32 info;
+	u32 mask;
+	u32 clock;
+	int err;
+retry:
+	err = get_clock_info(dice, &info);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	clock = be32_to_cpu(info);
+	if (source != UINT_MAX) {
+		mask = CLOCK_SOURCE_MASK;
+		clock &= ~mask;
+		clock |= source;
+	}
+	if (rate != UINT_MAX) {
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dice_rates); i++) {
+			if (snd_dice_rates[i] == rate)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dice_rates)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto end;
+		}
+
+		mask = CLOCK_RATE_MASK;
+		clock &= ~mask;
+		clock |= i << CLOCK_RATE_SHIFT;
+	}
+	info = cpu_to_be32(clock);
+
+	if (completion_done(&dice->clock_accepted))
+		reinit_completion(&dice->clock_accepted);
+
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_write_global(dice, GLOBAL_CLOCK_SELECT,
+						&info, 4);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	/* Timeout means it's invalid request, probably bus reset occurred. */
+	if (wait_for_completion_timeout(&dice->clock_accepted,
+			msecs_to_jiffies(NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_MS)) == 0) {
+		if (retries-- == 0) {
+			err = -ETIMEDOUT;
+			goto end;
+		}
+
+		err = snd_dice_transaction_reinit(dice);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto end;
+
+		msleep(500);	/* arbitrary */
+		goto retry;
+	}
+end:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_get_clock_source(struct snd_dice *dice,
+					  unsigned int *source)
+{
+	__be32 info;
+	int err;
+
+	err = get_clock_info(dice, &info);
+	if (err >= 0)
+		*source = be32_to_cpu(info) & CLOCK_SOURCE_MASK;
+
+	return err;
+}
+int snd_dice_transaction_set_clock_source(struct snd_dice *dice,
+					  unsigned int source)
+{
+	return set_clock_info(dice, UINT_MAX, source);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_get_rate(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int *rate)
+{
+	__be32 info;
+	unsigned int index;
+	int err;
+
+	err = get_clock_info(dice, &info);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	index = (be32_to_cpu(info) & CLOCK_RATE_MASK) >> CLOCK_RATE_SHIFT;
+	if (index >= SND_DICE_RATES_COUNT) {
+		err = -ENOSYS;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	*rate = snd_dice_rates[index];
+end:
+	return err;
+}
+int snd_dice_transaction_set_rate(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate)
+{
+	return set_clock_info(dice, rate, UINT_MAX);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_set_enable(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	__be32 value;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (dice->global_enabled)
+		goto end;
+
+	value = cpu_to_be32(1);
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 get_subaddr(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_GLOBAL,
+					     GLOBAL_ENABLE),
+				 &value, 4,
+				 FW_FIXED_GENERATION | dice->owner_generation);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	dice->global_enabled = true;
+end:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void snd_dice_transaction_clear_enable(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	__be32 value;
+
+	value = 0;
+	snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+			   get_subaddr(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_GLOBAL,
+				       GLOBAL_ENABLE),
+			   &value, 4, FW_QUIET |
+			   FW_FIXED_GENERATION | dice->owner_generation);
+
+	dice->global_enabled = false;
+}
+
+static void dice_notification(struct fw_card *card, struct fw_request *request,
+			      int tcode, int destination, int source,
+			      int generation, unsigned long long offset,
+			      void *data, size_t length, void *callback_data)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = callback_data;
+	u32 bits;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (tcode != TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST) {
+		fw_send_response(card, request, RCODE_TYPE_ERROR);
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((offset & 3) != 0) {
+		fw_send_response(card, request, RCODE_ADDRESS_ERROR);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	bits = be32_to_cpup(data);
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&dice->lock, flags);
+	dice->notification_bits |= bits;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dice->lock, flags);
+
+	fw_send_response(card, request, RCODE_COMPLETE);
+
+	if (bits & NOTIFY_CLOCK_ACCEPTED)
+		complete(&dice->clock_accepted);
+	wake_up(&dice->hwdep_wait);
+}
+
+static int register_notification_address(struct snd_dice *dice, bool retry)
+{
+	struct fw_device *device = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
+	__be64 *buffer;
+	unsigned int retries;
+	int err;
+
+	retries = (retry) ? 3 : 0;
+
+	buffer = kmalloc(2 * 8, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buffer)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		buffer[0] = cpu_to_be64(OWNER_NO_OWNER);
+		buffer[1] = cpu_to_be64(
+			((u64)device->card->node_id << OWNER_NODE_SHIFT) |
+			dice->notification_handler.offset);
+
+		dice->owner_generation = device->generation;
+		smp_rmb(); /* node_id vs. generation */
+		err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_LOCK_COMPARE_SWAP,
+					 get_subaddr(dice,
+						     SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_GLOBAL,
+						     GLOBAL_OWNER),
+					 buffer, 2 * 8,
+					 FW_FIXED_GENERATION |
+							dice->owner_generation);
+		if (err == 0) {
+			/* success */
+			if (buffer[0] == cpu_to_be64(OWNER_NO_OWNER))
+				break;
+			/* The address seems to be already registered. */
+			if (buffer[0] == buffer[1])
+				break;
+
+			dev_err(&dice->unit->device,
+				"device is already in use\n");
+			err = -EBUSY;
+		}
+		if (err != -EAGAIN || retries-- > 0)
+			break;
+
+		msleep(20);
+	}
+
+	kfree(buffer);
+
+	if (err < 0)
+		dice->owner_generation = -1;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void unregister_notification_address(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	struct fw_device *device = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
+	__be64 *buffer;
+
+	buffer = kmalloc(2 * 8, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (buffer == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	buffer[0] = cpu_to_be64(
+		((u64)device->card->node_id << OWNER_NODE_SHIFT) |
+		dice->notification_handler.offset);
+	buffer[1] = cpu_to_be64(OWNER_NO_OWNER);
+	snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_LOCK_COMPARE_SWAP,
+			   get_subaddr(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_GLOBAL,
+				       GLOBAL_OWNER),
+			   buffer, 2 * 8, FW_QUIET |
+			   FW_FIXED_GENERATION | dice->owner_generation);
+
+	kfree(buffer);
+
+	dice->owner_generation = -1;
+}
+
+void snd_dice_transaction_destroy(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	struct fw_address_handler *handler = &dice->notification_handler;
+
+	if (handler->callback_data == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	unregister_notification_address(dice);
+
+	fw_core_remove_address_handler(handler);
+	handler->callback_data = NULL;
+}
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_reinit(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	struct fw_address_handler *handler = &dice->notification_handler;
+
+	if (handler->callback_data == NULL)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return register_notification_address(dice, false);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_init(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	struct fw_address_handler *handler = &dice->notification_handler;
+	__be32 *pointers;
+	int err;
+
+	/* Use the same way which dice_interface_check() does. */
+	pointers = kmalloc(sizeof(__be32) * 10, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (pointers == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Get offsets for sub-addresses */
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(dice->unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
+				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE,
+				 pointers, sizeof(__be32) * 10, 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	/* Allocation callback in address space over host controller */
+	handler->length = 4;
+	handler->address_callback = dice_notification;
+	handler->callback_data = dice;
+	err = fw_core_add_address_handler(handler, &fw_high_memory_region);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		handler->callback_data = NULL;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	/* Register the address space */
+	err = register_notification_address(dice, true);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		fw_core_remove_address_handler(handler);
+		handler->callback_data = NULL;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	dice->global_offset = be32_to_cpu(pointers[0]) * 4;
+	dice->tx_offset = be32_to_cpu(pointers[2]) * 4;
+	dice->rx_offset = be32_to_cpu(pointers[4]) * 4;
+	dice->sync_offset = be32_to_cpu(pointers[6]) * 4;
+	dice->rsrv_offset = be32_to_cpu(pointers[8]) * 4;
+
+	/* Set up later. */
+	if (be32_to_cpu(pointers[1]) * 4 >= GLOBAL_CLOCK_CAPABILITIES + 4)
+		dice->clock_caps = 1;
+end:
+	kfree(pointers);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8e2c172de8a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/*
+ * TC Applied Technologies Digital Interface Communications Engine driver
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "dice.h"
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DICE driver");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
+
+#define OUI_WEISS		0x001c6a
+
+#define DICE_CATEGORY_ID	0x04
+#define WEISS_CATEGORY_ID	0x00
+
+static int dice_interface_check(struct fw_unit *unit)
+{
+	static const int min_values[10] = {
+		10, 0x64 / 4,
+		10, 0x18 / 4,
+		10, 0x18 / 4,
+		0, 0,
+		0, 0,
+	};
+	struct fw_device *device = fw_parent_device(unit);
+	struct fw_csr_iterator it;
+	int key, val, vendor = -1, model = -1, err;
+	unsigned int category, i;
+	__be32 *pointers, value;
+	__be32 tx_data[4];
+	__be32 version;
+
+	pointers = kmalloc_array(ARRAY_SIZE(min_values), sizeof(__be32),
+				 GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (pointers == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that GUID and unit directory are constructed according to DICE
+	 * rules, i.e., that the specifier ID is the GUID's OUI, and that the
+	 * GUID chip ID consists of the 8-bit category ID, the 10-bit product
+	 * ID, and a 22-bit serial number.
+	 */
+	fw_csr_iterator_init(&it, unit->directory);
+	while (fw_csr_iterator_next(&it, &key, &val)) {
+		switch (key) {
+		case CSR_SPECIFIER_ID:
+			vendor = val;
+			break;
+		case CSR_MODEL:
+			model = val;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (vendor == OUI_WEISS)
+		category = WEISS_CATEGORY_ID;
+	else
+		category = DICE_CATEGORY_ID;
+	if (device->config_rom[3] != ((vendor << 8) | category) ||
+	    device->config_rom[4] >> 22 != model) {
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the sub address spaces exist and are located inside the
+	 * private address space.  The minimum values are chosen so that all
+	 * minimally required registers are included.
+	 */
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
+				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE, pointers,
+				 sizeof(__be32) * ARRAY_SIZE(min_values), 0);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto end;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(min_values); ++i) {
+		value = be32_to_cpu(pointers[i]);
+		if (value < min_values[i] || value >= 0x40000) {
+			err = -ENODEV;
+			goto end;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* We support playback only. Let capture devices be handled by FFADO. */
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_BLOCK_REQUEST,
+				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE +
+				 be32_to_cpu(pointers[2]) * 4,
+				 tx_data, sizeof(tx_data), 0);
+	if (err < 0 || (tx_data[0] && tx_data[3])) {
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the implemented DICE driver specification major version
+	 * number matches.
+	 */
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 DICE_PRIVATE_SPACE +
+				 be32_to_cpu(pointers[0]) * 4 + GLOBAL_VERSION,
+				 &version, 4, 0);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto end;
+	}
+	if ((version & cpu_to_be32(0xff000000)) != cpu_to_be32(0x01000000)) {
+		dev_err(&unit->device,
+			"unknown DICE version: 0x%08x\n", be32_to_cpu(version));
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto end;
+	}
+end:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int highest_supported_mode_rate(struct snd_dice *dice,
+				       unsigned int mode, unsigned int *rate)
+{
+	unsigned int i, m;
+
+	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(snd_dice_rates); i > 0; i--) {
+		*rate = snd_dice_rates[i - 1];
+		if (snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(dice, *rate, &m) < 0)
+			continue;
+		if (mode == m)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dice_read_mode_params(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int mode)
+{
+	__be32 values[2];
+	unsigned int rate;
+	int err;
+
+	if (highest_supported_mode_rate(dice, mode, &rate) < 0) {
+		dice->rx_channels[mode] = 0;
+		dice->rx_midi_ports[mode] = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_set_rate(dice, rate);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_read_rx(dice, RX_NUMBER_AUDIO,
+					   values, sizeof(values));
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	dice->rx_channels[mode]   = be32_to_cpu(values[0]);
+	dice->rx_midi_ports[mode] = be32_to_cpu(values[1]);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int dice_read_params(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	__be32 value;
+	int mode, err;
+
+	/* some very old firmwares don't tell about their clock support */
+	if (dice->clock_caps > 0) {
+		err = snd_dice_transaction_read_global(dice,
+						GLOBAL_CLOCK_CAPABILITIES,
+						&value, 4);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		dice->clock_caps = be32_to_cpu(value);
+	} else {
+		/* this should be supported by any device */
+		dice->clock_caps = CLOCK_CAP_RATE_44100 |
+				   CLOCK_CAP_RATE_48000 |
+				   CLOCK_CAP_SOURCE_ARX1 |
+				   CLOCK_CAP_SOURCE_INTERNAL;
+	}
+
+	for (mode = 2; mode >= 0; --mode) {
+		err = dice_read_mode_params(dice, mode);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void dice_card_strings(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	struct snd_card *card = dice->card;
+	struct fw_device *dev = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
+	char vendor[32], model[32];
+	unsigned int i;
+	int err;
+
+	strcpy(card->driver, "DICE");
+
+	strcpy(card->shortname, "DICE");
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(NICK_NAME_SIZE < sizeof(card->shortname));
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_read_global(dice, GLOBAL_NICK_NAME,
+					       card->shortname,
+					       sizeof(card->shortname));
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		/* DICE strings are returned in "always-wrong" endianness */
+		BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(card->shortname) % 4 != 0);
+		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(card->shortname); i += 4)
+			swab32s((u32 *)&card->shortname[i]);
+		card->shortname[sizeof(card->shortname) - 1] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	strcpy(vendor, "?");
+	fw_csr_string(dev->config_rom + 5, CSR_VENDOR, vendor, sizeof(vendor));
+	strcpy(model, "?");
+	fw_csr_string(dice->unit->directory, CSR_MODEL, model, sizeof(model));
+	snprintf(card->longname, sizeof(card->longname),
+		 "%s %s (serial %u) at %s, S%d",
+		 vendor, model, dev->config_rom[4] & 0x3fffff,
+		 dev_name(&dice->unit->device), 100 << dev->max_speed);
+
+	strcpy(card->mixername, "DICE");
+}
+
+static void dice_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = card->private_data;
+
+	snd_dice_transaction_destroy(dice);
+	mutex_destroy(&dice->mutex);
+}
+
+static int dice_probe(struct fw_unit *unit, const struct ieee1394_device_id *id)
+{
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	struct snd_dice *dice;
+	int err;
+
+	err = dice_interface_check(unit);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,
+			   sizeof(*dice), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	dice = card->private_data;
+	dice->card = card;
+	dice->unit = unit;
+	card->private_free = dice_card_free;
+
+	spin_lock_init(&dice->lock);
+	mutex_init(&dice->mutex);
+	init_completion(&dice->clock_accepted);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&dice->hwdep_wait);
+
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_init(dice);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	err = dice_read_params(dice);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	dice_card_strings(dice);
+
+	err = snd_dice_create_pcm(dice);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	err = snd_dice_create_hwdep(dice);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	snd_dice_create_proc(dice);
+
+	err = snd_dice_stream_init(dice);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	err = snd_card_register(card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_dice_stream_destroy(dice);
+		goto error;
+	}
+
+	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, dice);
+end:
+	return err;
+error:
+	snd_card_free(card);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void dice_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
+
+	snd_card_disconnect(dice->card);
+
+	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
+
+	snd_dice_stream_destroy(dice);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
+
+	snd_card_free_when_closed(dice->card);
+}
+
+static void dice_bus_reset(struct fw_unit *unit)
+{
+	struct snd_dice *dice = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
+
+	/* The handler address register becomes initialized. */
+	snd_dice_transaction_reinit(dice);
+
+	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
+	snd_dice_stream_update(dice);
+	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
+}
+
+#define DICE_INTERFACE	0x000001
+
+static const struct ieee1394_device_id dice_id_table[] = {
+	{
+		.match_flags = IEEE1394_MATCH_VERSION,
+		.version     = DICE_INTERFACE,
+	},
+	{ }
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(ieee1394, dice_id_table);
+
+static struct fw_driver dice_driver = {
+	.driver   = {
+		.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
+		.name	= KBUILD_MODNAME,
+		.bus	= &fw_bus_type,
+	},
+	.probe    = dice_probe,
+	.update   = dice_bus_reset,
+	.remove   = dice_remove,
+	.id_table = dice_id_table,
+};
+
+static int __init alsa_dice_init(void)
+{
+	return driver_register(&dice_driver.driver);
+}
+
+static void __exit alsa_dice_exit(void)
+{
+	driver_unregister(&dice_driver.driver);
+}
+
+module_init(alsa_dice_init);
+module_exit(alsa_dice_exit);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice.h b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..969189a6604f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/*
+ * dice.h - a part of driver for Dice based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Takashi Sakamoto
+ *
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SOUND_DICE_H_INCLUDED
+#define SOUND_DICE_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <linux/compat.h>
+#include <linux/completion.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/firewire.h>
+#include <linux/firewire-constants.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/wait.h>
+
+#include <sound/control.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/firewire.h>
+#include <sound/hwdep.h>
+#include <sound/info.h>
+#include <sound/initval.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
+
+#include "../amdtp.h"
+#include "../iso-resources.h"
+#include "../lib.h"
+#include "dice-interface.h"
+
+struct snd_dice {
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	struct fw_unit *unit;
+	spinlock_t lock;
+	struct mutex mutex;
+
+	/* Offsets for sub-addresses */
+	unsigned int global_offset;
+	unsigned int rx_offset;
+	unsigned int tx_offset;
+	unsigned int sync_offset;
+	unsigned int rsrv_offset;
+
+	unsigned int clock_caps;
+	unsigned int rx_channels[3];
+	unsigned int rx_midi_ports[3];
+	struct fw_address_handler notification_handler;
+	int owner_generation;
+	int dev_lock_count; /* > 0 driver, < 0 userspace */
+	bool dev_lock_changed;
+	bool global_enabled;
+	struct completion clock_accepted;
+	wait_queue_head_t hwdep_wait;
+	u32 notification_bits;
+	struct fw_iso_resources rx_resources;
+	struct amdtp_stream rx_stream;
+};
+
+enum snd_dice_addr_type {
+	SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_PRIVATE,
+	SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_GLOBAL,
+	SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_TX,
+	SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_RX,
+	SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_SYNC,
+	SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_RSRV,
+};
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_write(struct snd_dice *dice,
+			       enum snd_dice_addr_type type,
+			       unsigned int offset,
+			       void *buf, unsigned int len);
+int snd_dice_transaction_read(struct snd_dice *dice,
+			      enum snd_dice_addr_type type, unsigned int offset,
+			      void *buf, unsigned int len);
+
+static inline int snd_dice_transaction_write_global(struct snd_dice *dice,
+						    unsigned int offset,
+						    void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_write(dice,
+					  SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_GLOBAL, offset,
+					  buf, len);
+}
+static inline int snd_dice_transaction_read_global(struct snd_dice *dice,
+						   unsigned int offset,
+						   void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_read(dice,
+					 SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_GLOBAL, offset,
+					 buf, len);
+}
+static inline int snd_dice_transaction_write_tx(struct snd_dice *dice,
+						unsigned int offset,
+						void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_write(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_TX, offset,
+					  buf, len);
+}
+static inline int snd_dice_transaction_read_tx(struct snd_dice *dice,
+					       unsigned int offset,
+					       void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_read(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_TX, offset,
+					 buf, len);
+}
+static inline int snd_dice_transaction_write_rx(struct snd_dice *dice,
+						unsigned int offset,
+						void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_write(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_RX, offset,
+					  buf, len);
+}
+static inline int snd_dice_transaction_read_rx(struct snd_dice *dice,
+					       unsigned int offset,
+					       void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_read(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_RX, offset,
+					 buf, len);
+}
+static inline int snd_dice_transaction_write_sync(struct snd_dice *dice,
+						  unsigned int offset,
+						  void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_write(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_SYNC, offset,
+					  buf, len);
+}
+static inline int snd_dice_transaction_read_sync(struct snd_dice *dice,
+						 unsigned int offset,
+						 void *buf, unsigned int len)
+{
+	return snd_dice_transaction_read(dice, SND_DICE_ADDR_TYPE_SYNC, offset,
+					 buf, len);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_transaction_set_clock_source(struct snd_dice *dice,
+					  unsigned int source);
+int snd_dice_transaction_get_clock_source(struct snd_dice *dice,
+					  unsigned int *source);
+int snd_dice_transaction_set_rate(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_dice_transaction_get_rate(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int *rate);
+int snd_dice_transaction_set_enable(struct snd_dice *dice);
+void snd_dice_transaction_clear_enable(struct snd_dice *dice);
+int snd_dice_transaction_init(struct snd_dice *dice);
+int snd_dice_transaction_reinit(struct snd_dice *dice);
+void snd_dice_transaction_destroy(struct snd_dice *dice);
+
+#define SND_DICE_RATES_COUNT	7
+extern const unsigned int snd_dice_rates[SND_DICE_RATES_COUNT];
+
+int snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(struct snd_dice *dice,
+				  unsigned int rate, unsigned int *mode);
+
+int snd_dice_stream_start_packets(struct snd_dice *dice);
+int snd_dice_stream_start(struct snd_dice *dice);
+void snd_dice_stream_stop_packets(struct snd_dice *dice);
+void snd_dice_stream_stop(struct snd_dice *dice);
+int snd_dice_stream_init(struct snd_dice *dice);
+void snd_dice_stream_destroy(struct snd_dice *dice);
+void snd_dice_stream_update(struct snd_dice *dice);
+
+int snd_dice_stream_lock_try(struct snd_dice *dice);
+void snd_dice_stream_lock_release(struct snd_dice *dice);
+
+int snd_dice_create_pcm(struct snd_dice *dice);
+
+int snd_dice_create_hwdep(struct snd_dice *dice);
+
+void snd_dice_create_proc(struct snd_dice *dice);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/sound/firewire/isight.c b/sound/firewire/isight.c
index 7ac94439e758..48d6dca471c6 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/isight.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/isight.c
@@ -131,14 +131,8 @@ static void isight_samples(struct isight *isight,
 
 static void isight_pcm_abort(struct isight *isight)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (ACCESS_ONCE(isight->pcm_active)) {
-		snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(isight->pcm, flags);
-		if (snd_pcm_running(isight->pcm))
-			snd_pcm_stop(isight->pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(isight->pcm, flags);
-	}
+	if (ACCESS_ONCE(isight->pcm_active))
+		snd_pcm_stop_xrun(isight->pcm);
 }
 
 static void isight_dropped_samples(struct isight *isight, unsigned int total)
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/Makefile b/sound/firewire/oxfw/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0cf48fd87688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+snd-oxfw-objs := oxfw-stream.o oxfw-control.o oxfw-pcm.o oxfw.o
+obj-m += snd-oxfw.o
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-control.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-control.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..02a1cb90f20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-control.c
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+/*
+ * oxfw_stream.c - a part of driver for OXFW970/971 based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "oxfw.h"
+
+enum control_action { CTL_READ, CTL_WRITE };
+enum control_attribute {
+	CTL_MIN		= 0x02,
+	CTL_MAX		= 0x03,
+	CTL_CURRENT	= 0x10,
+};
+
+static int oxfw_mute_command(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, bool *value,
+			     enum control_action action)
+{
+	u8 *buf;
+	u8 response_ok;
+	int err;
+
+	buf = kmalloc(11, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (action == CTL_READ) {
+		buf[0] = 0x01;		/* AV/C, STATUS */
+		response_ok = 0x0c;	/*       STABLE */
+	} else {
+		buf[0] = 0x00;		/* AV/C, CONTROL */
+		response_ok = 0x09;	/*       ACCEPTED */
+	}
+	buf[1] = 0x08;			/* audio unit 0 */
+	buf[2] = 0xb8;			/* FUNCTION BLOCK */
+	buf[3] = 0x81;			/* function block type: feature */
+	buf[4] = oxfw->device_info->mute_fb_id; /* function block ID */
+	buf[5] = 0x10;			/* control attribute: current */
+	buf[6] = 0x02;			/* selector length */
+	buf[7] = 0x00;			/* audio channel number */
+	buf[8] = 0x01;			/* control selector: mute */
+	buf[9] = 0x01;			/* control data length */
+	if (action == CTL_READ)
+		buf[10] = 0xff;
+	else
+		buf[10] = *value ? 0x70 : 0x60;
+
+	err = fcp_avc_transaction(oxfw->unit, buf, 11, buf, 11, 0x3fe);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+	if (err < 11) {
+		dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device, "short FCP response\n");
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	if (buf[0] != response_ok) {
+		dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device, "mute command failed\n");
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	if (action == CTL_READ)
+		*value = buf[10] == 0x70;
+
+	err = 0;
+
+error:
+	kfree(buf);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int oxfw_volume_command(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, s16 *value,
+			       unsigned int channel,
+			       enum control_attribute attribute,
+			       enum control_action action)
+{
+	u8 *buf;
+	u8 response_ok;
+	int err;
+
+	buf = kmalloc(12, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (action == CTL_READ) {
+		buf[0] = 0x01;		/* AV/C, STATUS */
+		response_ok = 0x0c;	/*       STABLE */
+	} else {
+		buf[0] = 0x00;		/* AV/C, CONTROL */
+		response_ok = 0x09;	/*       ACCEPTED */
+	}
+	buf[1] = 0x08;			/* audio unit 0 */
+	buf[2] = 0xb8;			/* FUNCTION BLOCK */
+	buf[3] = 0x81;			/* function block type: feature */
+	buf[4] = oxfw->device_info->volume_fb_id; /* function block ID */
+	buf[5] = attribute;		/* control attribute */
+	buf[6] = 0x02;			/* selector length */
+	buf[7] = channel;		/* audio channel number */
+	buf[8] = 0x02;			/* control selector: volume */
+	buf[9] = 0x02;			/* control data length */
+	if (action == CTL_READ) {
+		buf[10] = 0xff;
+		buf[11] = 0xff;
+	} else {
+		buf[10] = *value >> 8;
+		buf[11] = *value;
+	}
+
+	err = fcp_avc_transaction(oxfw->unit, buf, 12, buf, 12, 0x3fe);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+	if (err < 12) {
+		dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device, "short FCP response\n");
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	if (buf[0] != response_ok) {
+		dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device, "volume command failed\n");
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto error;
+	}
+	if (action == CTL_READ)
+		*value = (buf[10] << 8) | buf[11];
+
+	err = 0;
+
+error:
+	kfree(buf);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int oxfw_mute_get(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
+			 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *value)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = control->private_data;
+
+	value->value.integer.value[0] = !oxfw->mute;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int oxfw_mute_put(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
+			 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *value)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = control->private_data;
+	bool mute;
+	int err;
+
+	mute = !value->value.integer.value[0];
+
+	if (mute == oxfw->mute)
+		return 0;
+
+	err = oxfw_mute_command(oxfw, &mute, CTL_WRITE);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	oxfw->mute = mute;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int oxfw_volume_info(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
+			    struct snd_ctl_elem_info *info)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = control->private_data;
+
+	info->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+	info->count = oxfw->device_info->mixer_channels;
+	info->value.integer.min = oxfw->volume_min;
+	info->value.integer.max = oxfw->volume_max;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const u8 channel_map[6] = { 0, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3 };
+
+static int oxfw_volume_get(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
+			   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *value)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = control->private_data;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < oxfw->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i)
+		value->value.integer.value[channel_map[i]] = oxfw->volume[i];
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int oxfw_volume_put(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
+			   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *value)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = control->private_data;
+	unsigned int i, changed_channels;
+	bool equal_values = true;
+	s16 volume;
+	int err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < oxfw->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i) {
+		if (value->value.integer.value[i] < oxfw->volume_min ||
+		    value->value.integer.value[i] > oxfw->volume_max)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (value->value.integer.value[i] !=
+		    value->value.integer.value[0])
+			equal_values = false;
+	}
+
+	changed_channels = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < oxfw->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i)
+		if (value->value.integer.value[channel_map[i]] !=
+							oxfw->volume[i])
+			changed_channels |= 1 << (i + 1);
+
+	if (equal_values && changed_channels != 0)
+		changed_channels = 1 << 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i <= oxfw->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i) {
+		volume = value->value.integer.value[channel_map[i ? i - 1 : 0]];
+		if (changed_channels & (1 << i)) {
+			err = oxfw_volume_command(oxfw, &volume, i,
+						   CTL_CURRENT, CTL_WRITE);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+		if (i > 0)
+			oxfw->volume[i - 1] = volume;
+	}
+
+	return changed_channels != 0;
+}
+
+int snd_oxfw_create_mixer(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	static const struct snd_kcontrol_new controls[] = {
+		{
+			.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+			.name = "PCM Playback Switch",
+			.info = snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info,
+			.get = oxfw_mute_get,
+			.put = oxfw_mute_put,
+		},
+		{
+			.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+			.name = "PCM Playback Volume",
+			.info = oxfw_volume_info,
+			.get = oxfw_volume_get,
+			.put = oxfw_volume_put,
+		},
+	};
+	unsigned int i, first_ch;
+	int err;
+
+	err = oxfw_volume_command(oxfw, &oxfw->volume_min,
+				   0, CTL_MIN, CTL_READ);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = oxfw_volume_command(oxfw, &oxfw->volume_max,
+				   0, CTL_MAX, CTL_READ);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = oxfw_mute_command(oxfw, &oxfw->mute, CTL_READ);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	first_ch = oxfw->device_info->mixer_channels == 1 ? 0 : 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < oxfw->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i) {
+		err = oxfw_volume_command(oxfw, &oxfw->volume[i],
+					   first_ch + i, CTL_CURRENT, CTL_READ);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(controls); ++i) {
+		err = snd_ctl_add(oxfw->card,
+				  snd_ctl_new1(&controls[i], oxfw));
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-pcm.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-pcm.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d39f17a8f8c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-pcm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*
+ * oxfw_pcm.c - a part of driver for OXFW970/971 based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "oxfw.h"
+
+static int firewave_rate_constraint(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+				    struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	static unsigned int stereo_rates[] = { 48000, 96000 };
+	struct snd_interval *channels =
+			hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+	struct snd_interval *rate =
+			hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+
+	/* two channels work only at 48/96 kHz */
+	if (snd_interval_max(channels) < 6)
+		return snd_interval_list(rate, 2, stereo_rates, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int firewave_channels_constraint(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+					struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+	static const struct snd_interval all_channels = { .min = 6, .max = 6 };
+	struct snd_interval *rate =
+			hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+	struct snd_interval *channels =
+			hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+
+	/* 32/44.1 kHz work only with all six channels */
+	if (snd_interval_max(rate) < 48000)
+		return snd_interval_refine(channels, &all_channels);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int firewave_constraints(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+	static unsigned int channels_list[] = { 2, 6 };
+	static struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list channels_list_constraint = {
+		.count = 2,
+		.list = channels_list,
+	};
+	int err;
+
+	runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 |
+			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 |
+			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 |
+			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000;
+	runtime->hw.channels_max = 6;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0,
+					 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+					 &channels_list_constraint);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+				  firewave_rate_constraint, NULL,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+				  firewave_channels_constraint, NULL,
+				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int lacie_speakers_constraints(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+	runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 |
+			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 |
+			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 |
+			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_88200 |
+			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	static const struct snd_pcm_hardware hardware = {
+		.info = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
+			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
+			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH |
+			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER,
+		.formats = AMDTP_OUT_PCM_FORMAT_BITS,
+		.channels_min = 2,
+		.channels_max = 2,
+		.buffer_bytes_max = 4 * 1024 * 1024,
+		.period_bytes_min = 1,
+		.period_bytes_max = UINT_MAX,
+		.periods_min = 1,
+		.periods_max = UINT_MAX,
+	};
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = substream->private_data;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	bool used;
+	int err;
+
+	err = cmp_connection_check_used(&oxfw->in_conn, &used);
+	if ((err < 0) || used)
+		goto end;
+
+	runtime->hw = hardware;
+
+	err = oxfw->device_info->pcm_constraints(runtime);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+	err = snd_pcm_limit_hw_rates(runtime);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	err = amdtp_stream_add_pcm_hw_constraints(&oxfw->rx_stream, runtime);
+end:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = substream->private_data;
+	int err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
+
+	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(oxfw);
+
+	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
+					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	amdtp_stream_set_parameters(&oxfw->rx_stream,
+				    params_rate(hw_params),
+				    params_channels(hw_params),
+				    0);
+
+	amdtp_stream_set_pcm_format(&oxfw->rx_stream,
+				    params_format(hw_params));
+
+	err = avc_general_set_sig_fmt(oxfw->unit, params_rate(hw_params),
+				      AVC_GENERAL_PLUG_DIR_IN, 0);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device, "failed to set sample rate\n");
+		goto err_buffer;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_buffer:
+	snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
+error:
+	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = substream->private_data;
+
+	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
+	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(oxfw);
+	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
+
+	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
+}
+
+static int pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = substream->private_data;
+	int err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
+
+	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(oxfw);
+
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(oxfw);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+end:
+	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = substream->private_data;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		pcm = substream;
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		pcm = NULL;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	amdtp_stream_pcm_trigger(&oxfw->rx_stream, pcm);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t pcm_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = substream->private_data;
+
+	return amdtp_stream_pcm_pointer(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+}
+
+int snd_oxfw_create_pcm(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	static struct snd_pcm_ops ops = {
+		.open      = pcm_open,
+		.close     = pcm_close,
+		.ioctl     = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+		.hw_params = pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free   = pcm_hw_free,
+		.prepare   = pcm_prepare,
+		.trigger   = pcm_trigger,
+		.pointer   = pcm_pointer,
+		.page      = snd_pcm_lib_get_vmalloc_page,
+		.mmap      = snd_pcm_lib_mmap_vmalloc,
+	};
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_new(oxfw->card, oxfw->card->driver, 0, 1, 0, &pcm);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	pcm->private_data = oxfw;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, oxfw->card->shortname);
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &ops);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ebd156f3e29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * oxfw_stream.c - a part of driver for OXFW970/971 based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Takashi Sakamoto
+ *
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "oxfw.h"
+
+int snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = cmp_connection_init(&oxfw->in_conn, oxfw->unit,
+				  CMP_INPUT, 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	err = amdtp_stream_init(&oxfw->rx_stream, oxfw->unit,
+				AMDTP_OUT_STREAM, CIP_NONBLOCKING);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		amdtp_stream_destroy(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+		cmp_connection_destroy(&oxfw->in_conn);
+	}
+end:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void stop_stream(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+	cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->in_conn);
+}
+
+int snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&oxfw->rx_stream))
+		stop_stream(oxfw);
+
+	if (amdtp_stream_running(&oxfw->rx_stream))
+		goto end;
+
+	err = cmp_connection_establish(&oxfw->in_conn,
+			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&oxfw->rx_stream));
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto end;
+
+	err = amdtp_stream_start(&oxfw->rx_stream,
+				 oxfw->in_conn.resources.channel,
+				 oxfw->in_conn.speed);
+	if (err < 0)
+		stop_stream(oxfw);
+end:
+	return err;
+}
+
+void snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	stop_stream(oxfw);
+}
+
+void snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	stop_stream(oxfw);
+
+	amdtp_stream_destroy(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+	cmp_connection_destroy(&oxfw->in_conn);
+}
+
+void snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	if (cmp_connection_update(&oxfw->in_conn) < 0)
+		stop_stream(oxfw);
+	else
+		amdtp_stream_update(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..951d9a4e2102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * oxfw.c - a part of driver for OXFW970/971 based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include "oxfw.h"
+
+#define OXFORD_FIRMWARE_ID_ADDRESS	(CSR_REGISTER_BASE + 0x50000)
+/* 0x970?vvvv or 0x971?vvvv, where vvvv = firmware version */
+
+#define OXFORD_HARDWARE_ID_ADDRESS	(CSR_REGISTER_BASE + 0x90020)
+#define OXFORD_HARDWARE_ID_OXFW970	0x39443841
+#define OXFORD_HARDWARE_ID_OXFW971	0x39373100
+
+#define VENDOR_GRIFFIN		0x001292
+#define VENDOR_LACIE		0x00d04b
+
+#define SPECIFIER_1394TA	0x00a02d
+#define VERSION_AVC		0x010001
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Oxford Semiconductor FW970/971 driver");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
+MODULE_ALIAS("snd-firewire-speakers");
+
+static u32 oxfw_read_firmware_version(struct fw_unit *unit)
+{
+	__be32 data;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 OXFORD_FIRMWARE_ID_ADDRESS, &data, 4, 0);
+	return err >= 0 ? be32_to_cpu(data) : 0;
+}
+
+static void oxfw_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = card->private_data;
+
+	mutex_destroy(&oxfw->mutex);
+}
+
+static int oxfw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
+		       const struct ieee1394_device_id *id)
+{
+	struct fw_device *fw_dev = fw_parent_device(unit);
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw;
+	u32 firmware;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,
+			   sizeof(*oxfw), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	card->private_free = oxfw_card_free;
+	oxfw = card->private_data;
+	oxfw->card = card;
+	mutex_init(&oxfw->mutex);
+	oxfw->unit = unit;
+	oxfw->device_info = (const struct device_info *)id->driver_data;
+
+	strcpy(card->driver, oxfw->device_info->driver_name);
+	strcpy(card->shortname, oxfw->device_info->short_name);
+	firmware = oxfw_read_firmware_version(unit);
+	snprintf(card->longname, sizeof(card->longname),
+		 "%s (OXFW%x %04x), GUID %08x%08x at %s, S%d",
+		 oxfw->device_info->long_name,
+		 firmware >> 20, firmware & 0xffff,
+		 fw_dev->config_rom[3], fw_dev->config_rom[4],
+		 dev_name(&unit->device), 100 << fw_dev->max_speed);
+	strcpy(card->mixername, "OXFW");
+
+	err = snd_oxfw_create_pcm(oxfw);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	err = snd_oxfw_create_mixer(oxfw);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(oxfw);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	err = snd_card_register(card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw);
+		goto error;
+	}
+	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, oxfw);
+
+	return 0;
+error:
+	snd_card_free(card);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void oxfw_bus_reset(struct fw_unit *unit)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
+
+	fcp_bus_reset(oxfw->unit);
+
+	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
+	snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(oxfw);
+	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
+}
+
+static void oxfw_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
+
+	snd_card_disconnect(oxfw->card);
+
+	snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw);
+
+	snd_card_free_when_closed(oxfw->card);
+}
+
+static const struct device_info griffin_firewave = {
+	.driver_name = "FireWave",
+	.short_name  = "FireWave",
+	.long_name   = "Griffin FireWave Surround",
+	.pcm_constraints = firewave_constraints,
+	.mixer_channels = 6,
+	.mute_fb_id   = 0x01,
+	.volume_fb_id = 0x02,
+};
+
+static const struct device_info lacie_speakers = {
+	.driver_name = "FWSpeakers",
+	.short_name  = "FireWire Speakers",
+	.long_name   = "LaCie FireWire Speakers",
+	.pcm_constraints = lacie_speakers_constraints,
+	.mixer_channels = 1,
+	.mute_fb_id   = 0x01,
+	.volume_fb_id = 0x01,
+};
+
+static const struct ieee1394_device_id oxfw_id_table[] = {
+	{
+		.match_flags  = IEEE1394_MATCH_VENDOR_ID |
+				IEEE1394_MATCH_MODEL_ID |
+				IEEE1394_MATCH_SPECIFIER_ID |
+				IEEE1394_MATCH_VERSION,
+		.vendor_id    = VENDOR_GRIFFIN,
+		.model_id     = 0x00f970,
+		.specifier_id = SPECIFIER_1394TA,
+		.version      = VERSION_AVC,
+		.driver_data  = (kernel_ulong_t)&griffin_firewave,
+	},
+	{
+		.match_flags  = IEEE1394_MATCH_VENDOR_ID |
+				IEEE1394_MATCH_MODEL_ID |
+				IEEE1394_MATCH_SPECIFIER_ID |
+				IEEE1394_MATCH_VERSION,
+		.vendor_id    = VENDOR_LACIE,
+		.model_id     = 0x00f970,
+		.specifier_id = SPECIFIER_1394TA,
+		.version      = VERSION_AVC,
+		.driver_data  = (kernel_ulong_t)&lacie_speakers,
+	},
+	{ }
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(ieee1394, oxfw_id_table);
+
+static struct fw_driver oxfw_driver = {
+	.driver   = {
+		.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
+		.name	= KBUILD_MODNAME,
+		.bus	= &fw_bus_type,
+	},
+	.probe    = oxfw_probe,
+	.update   = oxfw_bus_reset,
+	.remove   = oxfw_remove,
+	.id_table = oxfw_id_table,
+};
+
+static int __init snd_oxfw_init(void)
+{
+	return driver_register(&oxfw_driver.driver);
+}
+
+static void __exit snd_oxfw_exit(void)
+{
+	driver_unregister(&oxfw_driver.driver);
+}
+
+module_init(snd_oxfw_init);
+module_exit(snd_oxfw_exit);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6164bf3e1f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * oxfw.h - a part of driver for OXFW970/971 based devices
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/firewire.h>
+#include <linux/firewire-constants.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+#include <sound/control.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/initval.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
+
+#include "../lib.h"
+#include "../fcp.h"
+#include "../packets-buffer.h"
+#include "../iso-resources.h"
+#include "../amdtp.h"
+#include "../cmp.h"
+
+struct device_info {
+	const char *driver_name;
+	const char *short_name;
+	const char *long_name;
+	int (*pcm_constraints)(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime);
+	unsigned int mixer_channels;
+	u8 mute_fb_id;
+	u8 volume_fb_id;
+};
+
+struct snd_oxfw {
+	struct snd_card *card;
+	struct fw_unit *unit;
+	const struct device_info *device_info;
+	struct mutex mutex;
+	struct cmp_connection in_conn;
+	struct amdtp_stream rx_stream;
+	bool mute;
+	s16 volume[6];
+	s16 volume_min;
+	s16 volume_max;
+};
+
+int snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+int snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+void snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+void snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+void snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+
+int firewave_constraints(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime);
+int lacie_speakers_constraints(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime);
+int snd_oxfw_create_pcm(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+
+int snd_oxfw_create_mixer(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/speakers.c b/sound/firewire/speakers.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 768d40ddfebb..000000000000
--- a/sound/firewire/speakers.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,792 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * OXFW970-based speakers driver
- *
- * Copyright (c) Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
- * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
- */
-
-#include <linux/device.h>
-#include <linux/firewire.h>
-#include <linux/firewire-constants.h>
-#include <linux/module.h>
-#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
-#include <linux/mutex.h>
-#include <linux/slab.h>
-#include <sound/control.h>
-#include <sound/core.h>
-#include <sound/initval.h>
-#include <sound/pcm.h>
-#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
-#include "cmp.h"
-#include "fcp.h"
-#include "amdtp.h"
-#include "lib.h"
-
-#define OXFORD_FIRMWARE_ID_ADDRESS	(CSR_REGISTER_BASE + 0x50000)
-/* 0x970?vvvv or 0x971?vvvv, where vvvv = firmware version */
-
-#define OXFORD_HARDWARE_ID_ADDRESS	(CSR_REGISTER_BASE + 0x90020)
-#define OXFORD_HARDWARE_ID_OXFW970	0x39443841
-#define OXFORD_HARDWARE_ID_OXFW971	0x39373100
-
-#define VENDOR_GRIFFIN		0x001292
-#define VENDOR_LACIE		0x00d04b
-
-#define SPECIFIER_1394TA	0x00a02d
-#define VERSION_AVC		0x010001
-
-struct device_info {
-	const char *driver_name;
-	const char *short_name;
-	const char *long_name;
-	int (*pcm_constraints)(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime);
-	unsigned int mixer_channels;
-	u8 mute_fb_id;
-	u8 volume_fb_id;
-};
-
-struct fwspk {
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct fw_unit *unit;
-	const struct device_info *device_info;
-	struct mutex mutex;
-	struct cmp_connection connection;
-	struct amdtp_stream stream;
-	bool mute;
-	s16 volume[6];
-	s16 volume_min;
-	s16 volume_max;
-};
-
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("FireWire speakers driver");
-MODULE_AUTHOR("Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>");
-MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
-
-static int firewave_rate_constraint(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-				    struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
-{
-	static unsigned int stereo_rates[] = { 48000, 96000 };
-	struct snd_interval *channels =
-			hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
-	struct snd_interval *rate =
-			hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
-
-	/* two channels work only at 48/96 kHz */
-	if (snd_interval_max(channels) < 6)
-		return snd_interval_list(rate, 2, stereo_rates, 0);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int firewave_channels_constraint(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
-					struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
-{
-	static const struct snd_interval all_channels = { .min = 6, .max = 6 };
-	struct snd_interval *rate =
-			hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
-	struct snd_interval *channels =
-			hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
-
-	/* 32/44.1 kHz work only with all six channels */
-	if (snd_interval_max(rate) < 48000)
-		return snd_interval_refine(channels, &all_channels);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int firewave_constraints(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
-{
-	static unsigned int channels_list[] = { 2, 6 };
-	static struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list channels_list_constraint = {
-		.count = 2,
-		.list = channels_list,
-	};
-	int err;
-
-	runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 |
-			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 |
-			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 |
-			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000;
-	runtime->hw.channels_max = 6;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0,
-					 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
-					 &channels_list_constraint);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
-				  firewave_rate_constraint, NULL,
-				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, -1);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
-				  firewave_channels_constraint, NULL,
-				  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int lacie_speakers_constraints(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
-{
-	runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_32000 |
-			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 |
-			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 |
-			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_88200 |
-			    SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	static const struct snd_pcm_hardware hardware = {
-		.info = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
-			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
-			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH |
-			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
-			SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER,
-		.formats = AMDTP_OUT_PCM_FORMAT_BITS,
-		.channels_min = 2,
-		.channels_max = 2,
-		.buffer_bytes_max = 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-		.period_bytes_min = 1,
-		.period_bytes_max = UINT_MAX,
-		.periods_min = 1,
-		.periods_max = UINT_MAX,
-	};
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
-	int err;
-
-	runtime->hw = hardware;
-
-	err = fwspk->device_info->pcm_constraints(runtime);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	err = snd_pcm_limit_hw_rates(runtime);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	err = amdtp_stream_add_pcm_hw_constraints(&fwspk->stream, runtime);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void fwspk_stop_stream(struct fwspk *fwspk)
-{
-	if (amdtp_stream_running(&fwspk->stream)) {
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&fwspk->stream);
-		cmp_connection_break(&fwspk->connection);
-	}
-}
-
-static int fwspk_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			   struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	mutex_lock(&fwspk->mutex);
-	fwspk_stop_stream(fwspk);
-	mutex_unlock(&fwspk->mutex);
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	amdtp_stream_set_parameters(&fwspk->stream,
-				    params_rate(hw_params),
-				    params_channels(hw_params),
-				    0);
-
-	amdtp_stream_set_pcm_format(&fwspk->stream,
-				    params_format(hw_params));
-
-	err = avc_general_set_sig_fmt(fwspk->unit, params_rate(hw_params),
-				      AVC_GENERAL_PLUG_DIR_IN, 0);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		dev_err(&fwspk->unit->device, "failed to set sample rate\n");
-		goto err_buffer;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-
-err_buffer:
-	snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-error:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = substream->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&fwspk->mutex);
-	fwspk_stop_stream(fwspk);
-	mutex_unlock(&fwspk->mutex);
-
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-
-static int fwspk_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	mutex_lock(&fwspk->mutex);
-
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&fwspk->stream))
-		fwspk_stop_stream(fwspk);
-
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&fwspk->stream)) {
-		err = cmp_connection_establish(&fwspk->connection,
-			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&fwspk->stream));
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto err_mutex;
-
-		err = amdtp_stream_start(&fwspk->stream,
-					 fwspk->connection.resources.channel,
-					 fwspk->connection.speed);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto err_connection;
-	}
-
-	mutex_unlock(&fwspk->mutex);
-
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&fwspk->stream);
-
-	return 0;
-
-err_connection:
-	cmp_connection_break(&fwspk->connection);
-err_mutex:
-	mutex_unlock(&fwspk->mutex);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
-
-	switch (cmd) {
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-		pcm = substream;
-		break;
-	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		pcm = NULL;
-		break;
-	default:
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_trigger(&fwspk->stream, pcm);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static snd_pcm_uframes_t fwspk_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = substream->private_data;
-
-	return amdtp_stream_pcm_pointer(&fwspk->stream);
-}
-
-static int fwspk_create_pcm(struct fwspk *fwspk)
-{
-	static struct snd_pcm_ops ops = {
-		.open      = fwspk_open,
-		.close     = fwspk_close,
-		.ioctl     = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params = fwspk_hw_params,
-		.hw_free   = fwspk_hw_free,
-		.prepare   = fwspk_prepare,
-		.trigger   = fwspk_trigger,
-		.pointer   = fwspk_pointer,
-		.page      = snd_pcm_lib_get_vmalloc_page,
-		.mmap      = snd_pcm_lib_mmap_vmalloc,
-	};
-	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_new(fwspk->card, "OXFW970", 0, 1, 0, &pcm);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	pcm->private_data = fwspk;
-	strcpy(pcm->name, fwspk->device_info->short_name);
-	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &ops);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-enum control_action { CTL_READ, CTL_WRITE };
-enum control_attribute {
-	CTL_MIN		= 0x02,
-	CTL_MAX		= 0x03,
-	CTL_CURRENT	= 0x10,
-};
-
-static int fwspk_mute_command(struct fwspk *fwspk, bool *value,
-			      enum control_action action)
-{
-	u8 *buf;
-	u8 response_ok;
-	int err;
-
-	buf = kmalloc(11, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!buf)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	if (action == CTL_READ) {
-		buf[0] = 0x01;		/* AV/C, STATUS */
-		response_ok = 0x0c;	/*       STABLE */
-	} else {
-		buf[0] = 0x00;		/* AV/C, CONTROL */
-		response_ok = 0x09;	/*       ACCEPTED */
-	}
-	buf[1] = 0x08;			/* audio unit 0 */
-	buf[2] = 0xb8;			/* FUNCTION BLOCK */
-	buf[3] = 0x81;			/* function block type: feature */
-	buf[4] = fwspk->device_info->mute_fb_id; /* function block ID */
-	buf[5] = 0x10;			/* control attribute: current */
-	buf[6] = 0x02;			/* selector length */
-	buf[7] = 0x00;			/* audio channel number */
-	buf[8] = 0x01;			/* control selector: mute */
-	buf[9] = 0x01;			/* control data length */
-	if (action == CTL_READ)
-		buf[10] = 0xff;
-	else
-		buf[10] = *value ? 0x70 : 0x60;
-
-	err = fcp_avc_transaction(fwspk->unit, buf, 11, buf, 11, 0x3fe);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-	if (err < 11) {
-		dev_err(&fwspk->unit->device, "short FCP response\n");
-		err = -EIO;
-		goto error;
-	}
-	if (buf[0] != response_ok) {
-		dev_err(&fwspk->unit->device, "mute command failed\n");
-		err = -EIO;
-		goto error;
-	}
-	if (action == CTL_READ)
-		*value = buf[10] == 0x70;
-
-	err = 0;
-
-error:
-	kfree(buf);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_volume_command(struct fwspk *fwspk, s16 *value,
-				unsigned int channel,
-				enum control_attribute attribute,
-				enum control_action action)
-{
-	u8 *buf;
-	u8 response_ok;
-	int err;
-
-	buf = kmalloc(12, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!buf)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	if (action == CTL_READ) {
-		buf[0] = 0x01;		/* AV/C, STATUS */
-		response_ok = 0x0c;	/*       STABLE */
-	} else {
-		buf[0] = 0x00;		/* AV/C, CONTROL */
-		response_ok = 0x09;	/*       ACCEPTED */
-	}
-	buf[1] = 0x08;			/* audio unit 0 */
-	buf[2] = 0xb8;			/* FUNCTION BLOCK */
-	buf[3] = 0x81;			/* function block type: feature */
-	buf[4] = fwspk->device_info->volume_fb_id; /* function block ID */
-	buf[5] = attribute;		/* control attribute */
-	buf[6] = 0x02;			/* selector length */
-	buf[7] = channel;		/* audio channel number */
-	buf[8] = 0x02;			/* control selector: volume */
-	buf[9] = 0x02;			/* control data length */
-	if (action == CTL_READ) {
-		buf[10] = 0xff;
-		buf[11] = 0xff;
-	} else {
-		buf[10] = *value >> 8;
-		buf[11] = *value;
-	}
-
-	err = fcp_avc_transaction(fwspk->unit, buf, 12, buf, 12, 0x3fe);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-	if (err < 12) {
-		dev_err(&fwspk->unit->device, "short FCP response\n");
-		err = -EIO;
-		goto error;
-	}
-	if (buf[0] != response_ok) {
-		dev_err(&fwspk->unit->device, "volume command failed\n");
-		err = -EIO;
-		goto error;
-	}
-	if (action == CTL_READ)
-		*value = (buf[10] << 8) | buf[11];
-
-	err = 0;
-
-error:
-	kfree(buf);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_mute_get(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
-			  struct snd_ctl_elem_value *value)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = control->private_data;
-
-	value->value.integer.value[0] = !fwspk->mute;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_mute_put(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
-			  struct snd_ctl_elem_value *value)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = control->private_data;
-	bool mute;
-	int err;
-
-	mute = !value->value.integer.value[0];
-
-	if (mute == fwspk->mute)
-		return 0;
-
-	err = fwspk_mute_command(fwspk, &mute, CTL_WRITE);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	fwspk->mute = mute;
-
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_volume_info(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
-			     struct snd_ctl_elem_info *info)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = control->private_data;
-
-	info->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
-	info->count = fwspk->device_info->mixer_channels;
-	info->value.integer.min = fwspk->volume_min;
-	info->value.integer.max = fwspk->volume_max;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static const u8 channel_map[6] = { 0, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3 };
-
-static int fwspk_volume_get(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
-			    struct snd_ctl_elem_value *value)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = control->private_data;
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < fwspk->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i)
-		value->value.integer.value[channel_map[i]] = fwspk->volume[i];
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_volume_put(struct snd_kcontrol *control,
-			  struct snd_ctl_elem_value *value)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = control->private_data;
-	unsigned int i, changed_channels;
-	bool equal_values = true;
-	s16 volume;
-	int err;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < fwspk->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i) {
-		if (value->value.integer.value[i] < fwspk->volume_min ||
-		    value->value.integer.value[i] > fwspk->volume_max)
-			return -EINVAL;
-		if (value->value.integer.value[i] !=
-		    value->value.integer.value[0])
-			equal_values = false;
-	}
-
-	changed_channels = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < fwspk->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i)
-		if (value->value.integer.value[channel_map[i]] !=
-							fwspk->volume[i])
-			changed_channels |= 1 << (i + 1);
-
-	if (equal_values && changed_channels != 0)
-		changed_channels = 1 << 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i <= fwspk->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i) {
-		volume = value->value.integer.value[channel_map[i ? i - 1 : 0]];
-		if (changed_channels & (1 << i)) {
-			err = fwspk_volume_command(fwspk, &volume, i,
-						   CTL_CURRENT, CTL_WRITE);
-			if (err < 0)
-				return err;
-		}
-		if (i > 0)
-			fwspk->volume[i - 1] = volume;
-	}
-
-	return changed_channels != 0;
-}
-
-static int fwspk_create_mixer(struct fwspk *fwspk)
-{
-	static const struct snd_kcontrol_new controls[] = {
-		{
-			.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-			.name = "PCM Playback Switch",
-			.info = snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info,
-			.get = fwspk_mute_get,
-			.put = fwspk_mute_put,
-		},
-		{
-			.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-			.name = "PCM Playback Volume",
-			.info = fwspk_volume_info,
-			.get = fwspk_volume_get,
-			.put = fwspk_volume_put,
-		},
-	};
-	unsigned int i, first_ch;
-	int err;
-
-	err = fwspk_volume_command(fwspk, &fwspk->volume_min,
-				   0, CTL_MIN, CTL_READ);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	err = fwspk_volume_command(fwspk, &fwspk->volume_max,
-				   0, CTL_MAX, CTL_READ);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	err = fwspk_mute_command(fwspk, &fwspk->mute, CTL_READ);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	first_ch = fwspk->device_info->mixer_channels == 1 ? 0 : 1;
-	for (i = 0; i < fwspk->device_info->mixer_channels; ++i) {
-		err = fwspk_volume_command(fwspk, &fwspk->volume[i],
-					   first_ch + i, CTL_CURRENT, CTL_READ);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(controls); ++i) {
-		err = snd_ctl_add(fwspk->card,
-				  snd_ctl_new1(&controls[i], fwspk));
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static u32 fwspk_read_firmware_version(struct fw_unit *unit)
-{
-	__be32 data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(unit, TCODE_READ_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 OXFORD_FIRMWARE_ID_ADDRESS, &data, 4, 0);
-	return err >= 0 ? be32_to_cpu(data) : 0;
-}
-
-static void fwspk_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = card->private_data;
-
-	amdtp_stream_destroy(&fwspk->stream);
-	cmp_connection_destroy(&fwspk->connection);
-	fw_unit_put(fwspk->unit);
-	mutex_destroy(&fwspk->mutex);
-}
-
-static int fwspk_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
-		       const struct ieee1394_device_id *id)
-{
-	struct fw_device *fw_dev = fw_parent_device(unit);
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct fwspk *fwspk;
-	u32 firmware;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,
-			   sizeof(*fwspk), &card);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	fwspk = card->private_data;
-	fwspk->card = card;
-	mutex_init(&fwspk->mutex);
-	fwspk->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
-	fwspk->device_info = (const struct device_info *)id->driver_data;
-
-	err = cmp_connection_init(&fwspk->connection, unit, CMP_INPUT, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_unit;
-
-	err = amdtp_stream_init(&fwspk->stream, unit, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM,
-				CIP_NONBLOCKING);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_connection;
-
-	card->private_free = fwspk_card_free;
-
-	strcpy(card->driver, fwspk->device_info->driver_name);
-	strcpy(card->shortname, fwspk->device_info->short_name);
-	firmware = fwspk_read_firmware_version(unit);
-	snprintf(card->longname, sizeof(card->longname),
-		 "%s (OXFW%x %04x), GUID %08x%08x at %s, S%d",
-		 fwspk->device_info->long_name,
-		 firmware >> 20, firmware & 0xffff,
-		 fw_dev->config_rom[3], fw_dev->config_rom[4],
-		 dev_name(&unit->device), 100 << fw_dev->max_speed);
-	strcpy(card->mixername, "OXFW970");
-
-	err = fwspk_create_pcm(fwspk);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	err = fwspk_create_mixer(fwspk);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	err = snd_card_register(card);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, fwspk);
-
-	return 0;
-
-err_connection:
-	cmp_connection_destroy(&fwspk->connection);
-err_unit:
-	fw_unit_put(fwspk->unit);
-	mutex_destroy(&fwspk->mutex);
-error:
-	snd_card_free(card);
-	return err;
-}
-
-static void fwspk_bus_reset(struct fw_unit *unit)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
-
-	fcp_bus_reset(fwspk->unit);
-
-	if (cmp_connection_update(&fwspk->connection) < 0) {
-		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&fwspk->stream);
-		mutex_lock(&fwspk->mutex);
-		fwspk_stop_stream(fwspk);
-		mutex_unlock(&fwspk->mutex);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	amdtp_stream_update(&fwspk->stream);
-}
-
-static void fwspk_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
-{
-	struct fwspk *fwspk = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
-
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&fwspk->stream);
-	snd_card_disconnect(fwspk->card);
-
-	mutex_lock(&fwspk->mutex);
-	fwspk_stop_stream(fwspk);
-	mutex_unlock(&fwspk->mutex);
-
-	snd_card_free_when_closed(fwspk->card);
-}
-
-static const struct device_info griffin_firewave = {
-	.driver_name = "FireWave",
-	.short_name  = "FireWave",
-	.long_name   = "Griffin FireWave Surround",
-	.pcm_constraints = firewave_constraints,
-	.mixer_channels = 6,
-	.mute_fb_id   = 0x01,
-	.volume_fb_id = 0x02,
-};
-
-static const struct device_info lacie_speakers = {
-	.driver_name = "FWSpeakers",
-	.short_name  = "FireWire Speakers",
-	.long_name   = "LaCie FireWire Speakers",
-	.pcm_constraints = lacie_speakers_constraints,
-	.mixer_channels = 1,
-	.mute_fb_id   = 0x01,
-	.volume_fb_id = 0x01,
-};
-
-static const struct ieee1394_device_id fwspk_id_table[] = {
-	{
-		.match_flags  = IEEE1394_MATCH_VENDOR_ID |
-				IEEE1394_MATCH_MODEL_ID |
-				IEEE1394_MATCH_SPECIFIER_ID |
-				IEEE1394_MATCH_VERSION,
-		.vendor_id    = VENDOR_GRIFFIN,
-		.model_id     = 0x00f970,
-		.specifier_id = SPECIFIER_1394TA,
-		.version      = VERSION_AVC,
-		.driver_data  = (kernel_ulong_t)&griffin_firewave,
-	},
-	{
-		.match_flags  = IEEE1394_MATCH_VENDOR_ID |
-				IEEE1394_MATCH_MODEL_ID |
-				IEEE1394_MATCH_SPECIFIER_ID |
-				IEEE1394_MATCH_VERSION,
-		.vendor_id    = VENDOR_LACIE,
-		.model_id     = 0x00f970,
-		.specifier_id = SPECIFIER_1394TA,
-		.version      = VERSION_AVC,
-		.driver_data  = (kernel_ulong_t)&lacie_speakers,
-	},
-	{ }
-};
-MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(ieee1394, fwspk_id_table);
-
-static struct fw_driver fwspk_driver = {
-	.driver   = {
-		.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
-		.name	= KBUILD_MODNAME,
-		.bus	= &fw_bus_type,
-	},
-	.probe    = fwspk_probe,
-	.update   = fwspk_bus_reset,
-	.remove   = fwspk_remove,
-	.id_table = fwspk_id_table,
-};
-
-static int __init alsa_fwspk_init(void)
-{
-	return driver_register(&fwspk_driver.driver);
-}
-
-static void __exit alsa_fwspk_exit(void)
-{
-	driver_unregister(&fwspk_driver.driver);
-}
-
-module_init(alsa_fwspk_init);
-module_exit(alsa_fwspk_exit);
diff --git a/sound/i2c/other/ak4xxx-adda.c b/sound/i2c/other/ak4xxx-adda.c
index f3735e64791c..67dbfde837ab 100644
--- a/sound/i2c/other/ak4xxx-adda.c
+++ b/sound/i2c/other/ak4xxx-adda.c
@@ -465,17 +465,10 @@ static int snd_akm4xxx_stereo_volume_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_akm4xxx_deemphasis_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = {
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
 		"44.1kHz", "Off", "48kHz", "32kHz",
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= 4)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_akm4xxx_deemphasis_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -570,22 +563,13 @@ static int ak4xxx_capture_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 {
 	struct snd_akm4xxx *ak = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 	int mixer_ch = AK_GET_SHIFT(kcontrol->private_value);
-	const char **input_names;
-	unsigned int num_names, idx;
+	unsigned int num_names;
 
 	num_names = ak4xxx_capture_num_inputs(ak, mixer_ch);
 	if (!num_names)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = num_names;
-	idx = uinfo->value.enumerated.item;
-	if (idx >= num_names)
-		return -EINVAL;
-	input_names = ak->adc_info[mixer_ch].input_names;
-	strlcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, input_names[idx],
-		sizeof(uinfo->value.enumerated.name));
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, num_names,
+				 ak->adc_info[mixer_ch].input_names);
 }
 
 static int ak4xxx_capture_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a_lib.c b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a_lib.c
index f0fd98e695e3..01a07986f4a3 100644
--- a/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/ad1816a/ad1816a_lib.c
@@ -731,18 +731,12 @@ int snd_ad1816a_timer(struct snd_ad1816a *chip, int device,
 
 static int snd_ad1816a_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[8] = {
+	static const char * const texts[8] = {
 		"Line", "Mix", "CD", "Synth", "Video",
 		"Mic", "Phone",
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 2;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 7;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 6)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 6;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 2, 7, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ad1816a_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688_lib.c b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688_lib.c
index b3b4f15e45ba..b5450143407b 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es1688/es1688_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es1688/es1688_lib.c
@@ -614,8 +614,7 @@ static int snd_es1688_free(struct snd_es1688 *chip)
 {
 	if (chip->hardware != ES1688_HW_UNDEF)
 		snd_es1688_init(chip, 0);
-	if (chip->res_port)
-		release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
+	release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
 	if (chip->irq >= 0)
 		free_irq(chip->irq, (void *) chip);
 	if (chip->dma8 >= 0) {
@@ -762,18 +761,12 @@ int snd_es1688_pcm(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_es1688 *chip,
 
 static int snd_es1688_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[9] = {
+	static const char * const texts[8] = {
 		"Mic", "Mic Master", "CD", "AOUT",
 		"Mic1", "Mix", "Line", "Master"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 8;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 7)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 7;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 8, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_es1688_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/isa/es18xx.c b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
index 6faaac60161a..b481bb8c31bc 100644
--- a/sound/isa/es18xx.c
+++ b/sound/isa/es18xx.c
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ struct snd_es18xx {
 #define ES18XX_I2S	0x0200	/* I2S mixer control */
 #define ES18XX_MUTEREC	0x0400	/* Record source can be muted */
 #define ES18XX_CONTROL	0x0800	/* Has control ports */
+#define ES18XX_GPO_2BIT	0x1000	/* GPO0,1 controlled by PM port */
 
 /* Power Management */
 #define ES18XX_PM	0x07
@@ -964,44 +965,28 @@ static int snd_es18xx_capture_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 
 static int snd_es18xx_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts5Source[5] = {
+	static const char * const texts5Source[5] = {
 		"Mic", "CD", "Line", "Master", "Mix"
 	};
-	static char *texts8Source[8] = {
+	static const char * const texts8Source[8] = {
 		"Mic", "Mic Master", "CD", "AOUT",
 		"Mic1", "Mix", "Line", "Master"
 	};
 	struct snd_es18xx *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
 	switch (chip->version) {
 	case 0x1868:
 	case 0x1878:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3)
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-			texts5Source[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-		break;
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts5Source);
 	case 0x1887:
 	case 0x1888:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
-		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 4)
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 4;
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts5Source[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-		break;
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 5, texts5Source);
 	case 0x1869: /* DS somewhat contradictory for 1869: could be be 5 or 8 */
 	case 0x1879:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 8;
-		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 7)
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 7;
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts8Source[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-		break;
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 8, texts8Source);
 	default:
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
-	return 0;
 }
 
 static int snd_es18xx_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1136,11 +1121,14 @@ static int snd_es18xx_reg_read(struct snd_es18xx *chip, unsigned char reg)
 		return snd_es18xx_read(chip, reg);
 }
 
-#define ES18XX_SINGLE(xname, xindex, reg, shift, mask, invert) \
+#define ES18XX_SINGLE(xname, xindex, reg, shift, mask, flags) \
 { .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, .index = xindex, \
   .info = snd_es18xx_info_single, \
   .get = snd_es18xx_get_single, .put = snd_es18xx_put_single, \
-  .private_value = reg | (shift << 8) | (mask << 16) | (invert << 24) }
+  .private_value = reg | (shift << 8) | (mask << 16) | (flags << 24) }
+
+#define ES18XX_FL_INVERT	(1 << 0)
+#define ES18XX_FL_PMPORT	(1 << 1)
 
 static int snd_es18xx_info_single(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
@@ -1159,10 +1147,14 @@ static int snd_es18xx_get_single(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_e
 	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
 	int shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
 	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
-	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
+	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & ES18XX_FL_INVERT;
+	int pm_port = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & ES18XX_FL_PMPORT;
 	int val;
-	
-	val = snd_es18xx_reg_read(chip, reg);
+
+	if (pm_port)
+		val = inb(chip->port + ES18XX_PM);
+	else
+		val = snd_es18xx_reg_read(chip, reg);
 	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = (val >> shift) & mask;
 	if (invert)
 		ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = mask - ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
@@ -1175,7 +1167,8 @@ static int snd_es18xx_put_single(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_e
 	int reg = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
 	int shift = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
 	int mask = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
-	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
+	int invert = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & ES18XX_FL_INVERT;
+	int pm_port = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & ES18XX_FL_PMPORT;
 	unsigned char val;
 	
 	val = (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & mask);
@@ -1183,6 +1176,15 @@ static int snd_es18xx_put_single(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_e
 		val = mask - val;
 	mask <<= shift;
 	val <<= shift;
+	if (pm_port) {
+		unsigned char cur = inb(chip->port + ES18XX_PM);
+
+		if ((cur & mask) == val)
+			return 0;
+		outb((cur & ~mask) | val, chip->port + ES18XX_PM);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	return snd_es18xx_reg_bits(chip, reg, mask, val) != val;
 }
 
@@ -1304,7 +1306,7 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_es18xx_opt_speaker =
 	ES18XX_SINGLE("Beep Playback Volume", 0, 0x3c, 0, 7, 0);
 
 static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_es18xx_opt_1869[] = {
-ES18XX_SINGLE("Capture Switch", 0, 0x1c, 4, 1, 1),
+ES18XX_SINGLE("Capture Switch", 0, 0x1c, 4, 1, ES18XX_FL_INVERT),
 ES18XX_SINGLE("Video Playback Switch", 0, 0x7f, 0, 1, 0),
 ES18XX_DOUBLE("Mono Playback Volume", 0, 0x6d, 0x6d, 4, 0, 15, 0),
 ES18XX_DOUBLE("Mono Capture Volume", 0, 0x6f, 0x6f, 4, 0, 15, 0)
@@ -1363,6 +1365,11 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_es18xx_hw_volume_controls[] = {
 ES18XX_SINGLE("Hardware Master Volume Split", 0, 0x64, 7, 1, 0),
 };
 
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_es18xx_opt_gpo_2bit[] = {
+ES18XX_SINGLE("GPO0 Switch", 0, ES18XX_PM, 0, 1, ES18XX_FL_PMPORT),
+ES18XX_SINGLE("GPO1 Switch", 0, ES18XX_PM, 1, 1, ES18XX_FL_PMPORT),
+};
+
 static int snd_es18xx_config_read(struct snd_es18xx *chip, unsigned char reg)
 {
 	int data;
@@ -1629,10 +1636,10 @@ static int snd_es18xx_probe(struct snd_es18xx *chip,
 
 	switch (chip->version) {
 	case 0x1868:
-		chip->caps = ES18XX_DUPLEX_MONO | ES18XX_DUPLEX_SAME | ES18XX_CONTROL;
+		chip->caps = ES18XX_DUPLEX_MONO | ES18XX_DUPLEX_SAME | ES18XX_CONTROL | ES18XX_GPO_2BIT;
 		break;
 	case 0x1869:
-		chip->caps = ES18XX_PCM2 | ES18XX_SPATIALIZER | ES18XX_RECMIX | ES18XX_NEW_RATE | ES18XX_AUXB | ES18XX_MONO | ES18XX_MUTEREC | ES18XX_CONTROL | ES18XX_HWV;
+		chip->caps = ES18XX_PCM2 | ES18XX_SPATIALIZER | ES18XX_RECMIX | ES18XX_NEW_RATE | ES18XX_AUXB | ES18XX_MONO | ES18XX_MUTEREC | ES18XX_CONTROL | ES18XX_HWV | ES18XX_GPO_2BIT;
 		break;
 	case 0x1878:
 		chip->caps = ES18XX_DUPLEX_MONO | ES18XX_DUPLEX_SAME | ES18XX_I2S | ES18XX_CONTROL;
@@ -1642,7 +1649,7 @@ static int snd_es18xx_probe(struct snd_es18xx *chip,
 		break;
 	case 0x1887:
 	case 0x1888:
-		chip->caps = ES18XX_PCM2 | ES18XX_RECMIX | ES18XX_AUXB | ES18XX_DUPLEX_SAME;
+		chip->caps = ES18XX_PCM2 | ES18XX_RECMIX | ES18XX_AUXB | ES18XX_DUPLEX_SAME | ES18XX_GPO_2BIT;
 		break;
 	default:
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "[0x%lx] unsupported chip ES%x\n",
@@ -1944,6 +1951,15 @@ static int snd_es18xx_mixer(struct snd_card *card)
 				return err;
 		}
 	}
+	if (chip->caps & ES18XX_GPO_2BIT) {
+		for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_es18xx_opt_gpo_2bit); idx++) {
+			err = snd_ctl_add(card,
+					  snd_ctl_new1(&snd_es18xx_opt_gpo_2bit[idx],
+						       chip));
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
        
diff --git a/sound/isa/msnd/msnd_pinnacle_mixer.c b/sound/isa/msnd/msnd_pinnacle_mixer.c
index 031dc69b7470..17e49a071af4 100644
--- a/sound/isa/msnd/msnd_pinnacle_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/isa/msnd/msnd_pinnacle_mixer.c
@@ -55,20 +55,13 @@
 static int snd_msndmix_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = {
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
 		"Analog", "MASS", "SPDIF",
 	};
 	struct snd_msnd *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 	unsigned items = test_bit(F_HAVEDIGITAL, &chip->flags) ? 3 : 2;
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = items;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, items, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_msndmix_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_synth.c b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_synth.c
index 4e3fcfb15ad4..95b39beb61c1 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_synth.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/emu8000_synth.c
@@ -105,8 +105,7 @@ static int snd_emu8000_delete_device(struct snd_seq_device *dev)
 		snd_device_free(dev->card, hw->pcm);
 	if (hw->emu)
 		snd_emux_free(hw->emu);
-	if (hw->memhdr)
-		snd_util_memhdr_free(hw->memhdr);
+	snd_util_memhdr_free(hw->memhdr);
 	hw->emu = NULL;
 	hw->memhdr = NULL;
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb16_main.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb16_main.c
index 0bbcd4714d28..72b10f4f3e70 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb16_main.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb16_main.c
@@ -702,17 +702,11 @@ static int snd_sb16_get_dma_mode(struct snd_sb *chip)
 
 static int snd_sb16_dma_control_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = {
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
 		"Auto", "Playback", "Capture"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_sb16_dma_control_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb_common.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb_common.c
index 3ef990602cdd..f22b4480828e 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb_common.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb_common.c
@@ -184,8 +184,7 @@ static int snd_sbdsp_probe(struct snd_sb * chip)
 
 static int snd_sbdsp_free(struct snd_sb *chip)
 {
-	if (chip->res_port)
-		release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
+	release_and_free_resource(chip->res_port);
 	if (chip->irq >= 0)
 		free_irq(chip->irq, (void *) chip);
 #ifdef CONFIG_ISA
diff --git a/sound/isa/sb/sb_mixer.c b/sound/isa/sb/sb_mixer.c
index 1ff78ec9f0ac..e403334a19ad 100644
--- a/sound/isa/sb/sb_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/isa/sb/sb_mixer.c
@@ -182,17 +182,11 @@ static int snd_sbmixer_put_double(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_
 
 static int snd_dt019x_input_sw_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *texts[5] = {
+	static const char * const texts[5] = {
 		"CD", "Mic", "Line", "Synth", "Master"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 4)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 4;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 5, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_dt019x_input_sw_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -275,18 +269,11 @@ static int snd_dt019x_input_sw_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl
 static int snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					     struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *texts[3] = {
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
 		"L chan only", "R chan only", "L ch/2 + R ch/2"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -335,17 +322,11 @@ static int snd_als4k_mono_capture_route_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 
 static int snd_sb8mixer_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *texts[3] = {
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
 		"Mic", "CD", "Line"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c b/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
index 360b08b03e1d..347bb1bda110 100644
--- a/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/wss/wss_lib.c
@@ -1993,25 +1993,20 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_wss_timer);
 static int snd_wss_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			    struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = {
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
 		"Line", "Aux", "Mic", "Mix"
 	};
-	static char *opl3sa_texts[4] = {
+	static const char * const opl3sa_texts[4] = {
 		"Line", "CD", "Mic", "Mix"
 	};
-	static char *gusmax_texts[4] = {
+	static const char * const gusmax_texts[4] = {
 		"Line", "Synth", "Mic", "Mix"
 	};
-	char **ptexts = texts;
+	const char * const *ptexts = texts;
 	struct snd_wss *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!chip->card))
 		return -EINVAL;
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 2;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
 	if (!strcmp(chip->card->driver, "GUS MAX"))
 		ptexts = gusmax_texts;
 	switch (chip->hardware) {
@@ -2023,8 +2018,7 @@ static int snd_wss_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		ptexts = opl3sa_texts;
 		break;
 	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, ptexts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 2, 4, ptexts);
 }
 
 static int snd_wss_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c b/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
index 04bb06c03ec8..33b08fcc27a9 100644
--- a/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
+++ b/sound/mips/sgio2audio.c
@@ -201,17 +201,10 @@ static int sgio2audio_gain_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int sgio2audio_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *texts[3] = {
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
 		"Cam Mic", "Mic", "Line"
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= 3)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int sgio2audio_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/oss/uart401.c b/sound/oss/uart401.c
index 279bc565ac7e..dae4d4344407 100644
--- a/sound/oss/uart401.c
+++ b/sound/oss/uart401.c
@@ -412,13 +412,10 @@ void unload_uart401(struct address_info *hw_config)
 
 	if (!devc->share_irq)
 		free_irq(devc->irq, devc);
-	if (devc)
-	{
-		kfree(midi_devs[devc->my_dev]->converter);
-		kfree(midi_devs[devc->my_dev]);
-		kfree(devc);
-		devc = NULL;
-	}
+	kfree(midi_devs[devc->my_dev]->converter);
+	kfree(midi_devs[devc->my_dev]);
+	kfree(devc);
+
 	/* This kills midi_devs[x] */
 	sound_unload_mididev(hw_config->slots[4]);
 }
diff --git a/sound/parisc/harmony.c b/sound/parisc/harmony.c
index 4b20be79c1dd..29604a239c44 100644
--- a/sound/parisc/harmony.c
+++ b/sound/parisc/harmony.c
@@ -776,15 +776,9 @@ static int
 snd_harmony_captureroute_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kc, 
 			      struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[2] = { "Line", "Mic" };
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	static const char * const texts[2] = { "Line", "Mic" };
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int 
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c
index 14ad54b7928c..5ee2f17c287c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_codec.c
@@ -463,14 +463,8 @@ static int snd_ac97_info_enum_double(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 {
 	struct ac97_enum *e = (struct ac97_enum *)kcontrol->private_value;
 	
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = e->shift_l == e->shift_r ? 1 : 2;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = e->mask;
-	
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > e->mask - 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = e->mask - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, e->texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, e->shift_l == e->shift_r ? 1 : 2,
+				 e->mask, e->texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_get_enum_double(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.c b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.c
index 991762215417..ceaac1c41906 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.c
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@
 static struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ac97_find_mixer_ctl(struct snd_ac97 *ac97,
 						    const char *name);
 static int snd_ac97_add_vmaster(struct snd_ac97 *ac97, char *name,
-				const unsigned int *tlv, const char **slaves);
+				const unsigned int *tlv,
+				const char * const *slaves);
 
 /*
  *  Chip specific initialization
@@ -81,22 +82,11 @@ static int ac97_update_bits_page(struct snd_ac97 *ac97, unsigned short reg, unsi
 /*
  * shared line-in/mic controls
  */
-static int ac97_enum_text_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo,
-			       const char **texts, unsigned int nums)
-{
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = nums;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > nums - 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = nums - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int ac97_surround_jack_mode_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *texts[] = { "Shared", "Independent" };
-	return ac97_enum_text_info(kcontrol, uinfo, texts, 2);
+	static const char * const texts[] = { "Shared", "Independent" };
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int ac97_surround_jack_mode_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -123,9 +113,9 @@ static int ac97_surround_jack_mode_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd
 
 static int ac97_channel_mode_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *texts[] = { "2ch", "4ch", "6ch", "8ch" };
-	return ac97_enum_text_info(kcontrol, uinfo, texts,
-		kcontrol->private_value);
+	static const char * const texts[] = { "2ch", "4ch", "6ch", "8ch" };
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, kcontrol->private_value, texts);
 }
 
 static int ac97_channel_mode_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -240,17 +230,11 @@ static inline int alc850_is_aux_back_surround(struct snd_ac97 *ac97)
 static int snd_ac97_ymf7x3_info_speaker(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = {
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
 		"Standard", "Small", "Smaller"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_ymf7x3_get_speaker(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -293,15 +277,9 @@ static const struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_ac97_ymf7x3_controls_speaker =
 static int snd_ac97_ymf7x3_spdif_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					     struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[2] = { "AC-Link", "A/D Converter" };
+	static const char * const texts[2] = { "AC-Link", "A/D Converter" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_ymf7x3_spdif_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -401,15 +379,9 @@ static int patch_yamaha_ymf743(struct snd_ac97 *ac97)
    There is also a bit to mute S/PDIF output in a vendor-specific register. */
 static int snd_ac97_ymf753_spdif_output_pin_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = { "Disabled", "Pin 43", "Pin 48" };
+	static const char * const texts[3] = { "Disabled", "Pin 43", "Pin 48" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_ymf753_spdif_output_pin_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1103,16 +1075,11 @@ static int patch_sigmatel_stac9756(struct snd_ac97 * ac97)
 
 static int snd_ac97_stac9758_output_jack_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[5] = { "Input/Disabled", "Front Output",
+	static const char * const texts[5] = {
+		"Input/Disabled", "Front Output",
 		"Rear Output", "Center/LFE Output", "Mixer Output" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 4)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 4;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 5, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_stac9758_output_jack_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1147,16 +1114,11 @@ static int snd_ac97_stac9758_output_jack_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, stru
 
 static int snd_ac97_stac9758_input_jack_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[7] = { "Mic2 Jack", "Mic1 Jack", "Line In Jack",
+	static const char * const texts[7] = {
+		"Mic2 Jack", "Mic1 Jack", "Line In Jack",
 		"Front Jack", "Rear Jack", "Center/LFE Jack", "Mute" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 7;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 6)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 6;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 7, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_stac9758_input_jack_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1181,15 +1143,11 @@ static int snd_ac97_stac9758_input_jack_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struc
 
 static int snd_ac97_stac9758_phonesel_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = { "None", "Front Jack", "Rear Jack" };
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
+		"None", "Front Jack", "Rear Jack"
+	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_stac9758_phonesel_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1804,15 +1762,9 @@ static int patch_ad1886(struct snd_ac97 * ac97)
 
 static int snd_ac97_ad198x_spdif_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[2] = { "AC-Link", "A/D Converter" };
+	static const char * const texts[2] = { "AC-Link", "A/D Converter" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_ad198x_spdif_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1994,15 +1946,9 @@ static int snd_ac97_ad1888_lohpsel_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd
 
 static int snd_ac97_ad1888_downmix_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = {"Off", "6 -> 4", "6 -> 2"};
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {"Off", "6 -> 4", "6 -> 2"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_ad1888_downmix_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2153,16 +2099,11 @@ static int patch_ad1980(struct snd_ac97 * ac97)
 static int snd_ac97_ad1985_vrefout_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = {"High-Z", "3.7 V", "2.25 V", "0 V"};
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
+		"High-Z", "3.7 V", "2.25 V", "0 V"
+	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_ad1985_vrefout_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -2756,20 +2697,18 @@ static const struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_ac97_controls_alc655[] = {
 
 static int alc655_iec958_route_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts_655[3] = { "PCM", "Analog In", "IEC958 In" };
-	static char *texts_658[4] = { "PCM", "Analog1 In", "Analog2 In", "IEC958 In" };
+	static const char * const texts_655[3] = {
+		"PCM", "Analog In", "IEC958 In"
+	};
+	static const char * const texts_658[4] = {
+		"PCM", "Analog1 In", "Analog2 In", "IEC958 In"
+	};
 	struct snd_ac97 *ac97 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = ac97->spec.dev_flags ? 4 : 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       ac97->spec.dev_flags ?
-	       texts_658[uinfo->value.enumerated.item] :
-	       texts_655[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	if (ac97->spec.dev_flags)
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts_658);
+	else
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts_655);
 }
 
 static int alc655_iec958_route_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -3055,15 +2994,9 @@ static int patch_cm9738(struct snd_ac97 * ac97)
 
 static int snd_ac97_cmedia_spdif_playback_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = { "Analog", "Digital" };
+	static const char * const texts[] = { "Analog", "Digital" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_cmedia_spdif_playback_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -3235,15 +3168,9 @@ static const struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_ac97_cm9761_controls[] = {
 
 static int cm9761_spdif_out_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = { "AC-Link", "ADC", "SPDIF-In" };
+	static const char * const texts[] = { "AC-Link", "ADC", "SPDIF-In" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int cm9761_spdif_out_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -3270,7 +3197,9 @@ static int cm9761_spdif_out_source_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd
 				    ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] == 1 ? 0x2 : 0);
 }
 
-static const char *cm9761_dac_clock[] = { "AC-Link", "SPDIF-In", "Both" };
+static const char * const cm9761_dac_clock[] = {
+	"AC-Link", "SPDIF-In", "Both"
+};
 static const struct ac97_enum cm9761_dac_clock_enum =
 	AC97_ENUM_SINGLE(AC97_CM9761_SPDIF_CTRL, 9, 3, cm9761_dac_clock);
 
@@ -3384,7 +3313,9 @@ static int patch_cm9761(struct snd_ac97 *ac97)
 #define AC97_CM9780_MULTI_CHAN	0x66
 #define AC97_CM9780_SPDIF	0x6c
 
-static const char *cm9780_ch_select[] = { "Front", "Side", "Center/LFE", "Rear" };
+static const char * const cm9780_ch_select[] = {
+	"Front", "Side", "Center/LFE", "Rear"
+};
 static const struct ac97_enum cm9780_ch_select_enum =
 	AC97_ENUM_SINGLE(AC97_CM9780_MULTI_CHAN, 6, 4, cm9780_ch_select);
 static const struct snd_kcontrol_new cm9780_controls[] = {
@@ -3430,7 +3361,7 @@ AC97_SINGLE("Downmix LFE and Center to Front", 0x5a, 12, 1, 0),
 AC97_SINGLE("Downmix Surround to Front", 0x5a, 11, 1, 0),
 };
 
-static const char *slave_vols_vt1616[] = {
+static const char * const slave_vols_vt1616[] = {
 	"Front Playback Volume",
 	"Surround Playback Volume",
 	"Center Playback Volume",
@@ -3438,7 +3369,7 @@ static const char *slave_vols_vt1616[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
-static const char *slave_sws_vt1616[] = {
+static const char * const slave_sws_vt1616[] = {
 	"Front Playback Switch",
 	"Surround Playback Switch",
 	"Center Playback Switch",
@@ -3459,10 +3390,11 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol *snd_ac97_find_mixer_ctl(struct snd_ac97 *ac97,
 
 /* create a virtual master control and add slaves */
 static int snd_ac97_add_vmaster(struct snd_ac97 *ac97, char *name,
-				const unsigned int *tlv, const char **slaves)
+				const unsigned int *tlv,
+				const char * const *slaves)
 {
 	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
-	const char **s;
+	const char * const *s;
 	int err;
 
 	kctl = snd_ctl_make_virtual_master(name, tlv);
@@ -3552,11 +3484,12 @@ static int snd_ac97_vt1617a_smart51_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	 * is SM51EN *AND* it's Bit14, not Bit15 so the table is very
 	 * counter-intuitive */ 
 
-	static const char* texts[] = { "LineIn Mic1", "LineIn Mic1 Mic3",
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"LineIn Mic1", "LineIn Mic1 Mic3",
 				       "Surr LFE/C Mic3", "LineIn LFE/C Mic3",
 				       "LineIn Mic2", "LineIn Mic2 Mic1",
 				       "Surr LFE Mic1", "Surr LFE Mic1 Mic2"};
-	return ac97_enum_text_info(kcontrol, uinfo, texts, 8);
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 8, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_vt1617a_smart51_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -3685,7 +3618,7 @@ static int patch_vt1617a(struct snd_ac97 * ac97)
 struct vt1618_uaj_item {
 	unsigned short mask;
 	unsigned short shift;
-	const char *items[4];
+	const char * const items[4];
 };
 
 /* This list reflects the vt1618 docs for Vendor Defined Register 0x60. */
@@ -3720,9 +3653,8 @@ static struct vt1618_uaj_item vt1618_uaj[3] = {
 static int snd_ac97_vt1618_UAJ_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				    struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	return ac97_enum_text_info(kcontrol, uinfo,
-				   vt1618_uaj[kcontrol->private_value].items,
-				   4);
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4,
+				 vt1618_uaj[kcontrol->private_value].items);
 }
 
 /* All of the vt1618 Universal Audio Jack twiddlers are on
@@ -3767,9 +3699,9 @@ static int snd_ac97_vt1618_UAJ_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_ac97_vt1618_aux_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				     struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *txt_aux[] = {"Aux In", "Back Surr Out"};
+	static const char * const txt_aux[] = {"Aux In", "Back Surr Out"};
 
-	return ac97_enum_text_info(kcontrol, uinfo, txt_aux, 2);
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, txt_aux);
 }
 
 static int snd_ac97_vt1618_aux_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.h b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.h
index 47bf8dfe8276..d1ce151fe722 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.h
+++ b/sound/pci/ac97/ac97_patch.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct ac97_enum {
 	unsigned char shift_l;
 	unsigned char shift_r;
 	unsigned short mask;
-	const char **texts;
+	const char * const *texts;
 };
 
 #define AC97_ENUM_DOUBLE(xreg, xshift_l, xshift_r, xmask, xtexts) \
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/asihpi.c b/sound/pci/asihpi/asihpi.c
index 5017176bfaa1..e9273fb2a505 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/asihpi.c
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/asihpi.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  *  Asihpi soundcard
- *  Copyright (c) by AudioScience Inc <alsa@audioscience.com>
+ *  Copyright (c) by AudioScience Inc <support@audioscience.com>
  *
  *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  *   it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include "hpioctl.h"
 #include "hpicmn.h"
 
-
 #include <linux/pci.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@
 
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 MODULE_AUTHOR("AudioScience inc. <support@audioscience.com>");
-MODULE_DESCRIPTION("AudioScience ALSA ASI5000 ASI6000 ASI87xx ASI89xx "
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("AudioScience ALSA ASI5xxx ASI6xxx ASI87xx ASI89xx "
 			HPI_VER_STRING);
 
 #if defined CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
@@ -87,11 +86,11 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable_hpi_hwdep,
 #ifdef KERNEL_ALSA_BUILD
 static char *build_info = "Built using headers from kernel source";
 module_param(build_info, charp, S_IRUGO);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(build_info, "built using headers from kernel source");
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(build_info, "Built using headers from kernel source");
 #else
 static char *build_info = "Built within ALSA source";
 module_param(build_info, charp, S_IRUGO);
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(build_info, "built within ALSA source");
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(build_info, "Built within ALSA source");
 #endif
 
 /* set to 1 to dump every control from adapter to log */
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ static int adapter_fs = DEFAULT_SAMPLERATE;
 struct clk_source {
 	int source;
 	int index;
-	char *name;
+	const char *name;
 };
 
 struct clk_cache {
@@ -125,6 +124,16 @@ struct snd_card_asihpi {
 	struct pci_dev *pci;
 	struct hpi_adapter *hpi;
 
+	/* In low latency mode there is only one stream, a pointer to its
+	 * private data is stored here on trigger and cleared on stop.
+	 * The interrupt handler uses it as a parameter when calling
+	 * snd_card_asihpi_timer_function().
+	 */
+	struct snd_card_asihpi_pcm *llmode_streampriv;
+	struct tasklet_struct t;
+	void (*pcm_start)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream);
+	void (*pcm_stop)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream);
+
 	u32 h_mixer;
 	struct clk_cache cc;
 
@@ -289,21 +298,17 @@ static void print_hwparams(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 {
 	char name[16];
 	snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
-	snd_printd("%s HWPARAMS\n", name);
-	snd_printd(" samplerate %d Hz\n", params_rate(p));
-	snd_printd(" channels %d\n", params_channels(p));
-	snd_printd(" format %d\n", params_format(p));
-	snd_printd(" subformat %d\n", params_subformat(p));
-	snd_printd(" buffer %d B\n", params_buffer_bytes(p));
-	snd_printd(" period %d B\n", params_period_bytes(p));
-	snd_printd(" access %d\n", params_access(p));
-	snd_printd(" period_size %d\n", params_period_size(p));
-	snd_printd(" periods %d\n", params_periods(p));
-	snd_printd(" buffer_size %d\n", params_buffer_size(p));
-	snd_printd(" %d B/s\n", params_rate(p) *
-		params_channels(p) *
+	snd_printdd("%s HWPARAMS\n", name);
+	snd_printdd(" samplerate=%dHz channels=%d format=%d subformat=%d\n",
+		params_rate(p), params_channels(p),
+		params_format(p), params_subformat(p));
+	snd_printdd(" buffer=%dB period=%dB period_size=%dB periods=%d\n",
+		params_buffer_bytes(p), params_period_bytes(p),
+		params_period_size(p), params_periods(p));
+	snd_printdd(" buffer_size=%d access=%d data_rate=%dB/s\n",
+		params_buffer_size(p), params_access(p),
+		params_rate(p) * params_channels(p) *
 		snd_pcm_format_width(params_format(p)) / 8);
-
 }
 
 static snd_pcm_format_t hpi_to_alsa_formats[] = {
@@ -375,7 +380,7 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_pcm_samplerates(struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi,
 					  HPI_SOURCENODE_CLOCK_SOURCE, 0, 0, 0,
 					  HPI_CONTROL_SAMPLECLOCK, &h_control);
 		if (err) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR
+			dev_err(&asihpi->pci->dev,
 				"No local sampleclock, err %d\n", err);
 		}
 
@@ -481,7 +486,7 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			params_buffer_bytes(params),  runtime->dma_addr);
 		if (err == 0) {
 			snd_printdd(
-				"stream_host_buffer_attach succeeded %u %lu\n",
+				"stream_host_buffer_attach success %u %lu\n",
 				params_buffer_bytes(params),
 				(unsigned long)runtime->dma_addr);
 		} else {
@@ -491,12 +496,7 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		}
 
 		err = hpi_stream_get_info_ex(dpcm->h_stream, NULL,
-						&dpcm->hpi_buffer_attached,
-						NULL, NULL, NULL);
-
-		snd_printdd("stream_host_buffer_attach status 0x%x\n",
-				dpcm->hpi_buffer_attached);
-
+				&dpcm->hpi_buffer_attached, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 	}
 	bytes_per_sec = params_rate(params) * params_channels(params);
 	width = snd_pcm_format_width(params_format(params));
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_pcm_timer_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *
 	int expiry;
 
 	expiry = HZ / 200;
-	/*? (dpcm->period_bytes * HZ / dpcm->bytes_per_sec); */
+
 	expiry = max(expiry, 1); /* don't let it be zero! */
 	dpcm->timer.expires = jiffies + expiry;
 	dpcm->respawn_timer = 1;
@@ -554,6 +554,48 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_pcm_timer_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	del_timer(&dpcm->timer);
 }
 
+static void snd_card_asihpi_pcm_int_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_card_asihpi_pcm *dpcm;
+	struct snd_card_asihpi *card;
+
+	BUG_ON(!substream);
+
+	dpcm = (struct snd_card_asihpi_pcm *)substream->runtime->private_data;
+	card = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+
+	BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
+	tasklet_disable(&card->t);
+	card->llmode_streampriv = dpcm;
+	tasklet_enable(&card->t);
+
+	hpi_handle_error(hpi_adapter_set_property(card->hpi->adapter->index,
+		HPI_ADAPTER_PROPERTY_IRQ_RATE,
+		card->update_interval_frames, 0));
+}
+
+static void snd_card_asihpi_pcm_int_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_card_asihpi_pcm *dpcm;
+	struct snd_card_asihpi *card;
+
+	BUG_ON(!substream);
+
+	dpcm = (struct snd_card_asihpi_pcm *)substream->runtime->private_data;
+	card = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+
+	hpi_handle_error(hpi_adapter_set_property(card->hpi->adapter->index,
+		HPI_ADAPTER_PROPERTY_IRQ_RATE, 0, 0));
+
+	if (in_interrupt())
+		card->llmode_streampriv = NULL;
+	else {
+		tasklet_disable(&card->t);
+		card->llmode_streampriv = NULL;
+		tasklet_enable(&card->t);
+	}
+}
+
 static int snd_card_asihpi_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 					   int cmd)
 {
@@ -564,10 +606,10 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	char name[16];
 
 	snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
-	snd_printdd("%s trigger\n", name);
 
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		snd_printdd("%s trigger start\n", name);
 		snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
 			struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = s->runtime;
 			struct snd_card_asihpi_pcm *ds = runtime->private_data;
@@ -588,7 +630,7 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 				* data??
 				*/
 				unsigned int preload = ds->period_bytes * 1;
-				snd_printddd("%d preload x%x\n", s->number, preload);
+				snd_printddd("%d preload %d\n", s->number, preload);
 				hpi_handle_error(hpi_outstream_write_buf(
 						ds->h_stream,
 						&runtime->dma_area[0],
@@ -611,16 +653,16 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			} else
 				break;
 		}
-		snd_printdd("start\n");
 		/* start the master stream */
-		snd_card_asihpi_pcm_timer_start(substream);
+		card->pcm_start(substream);
 		if ((substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE) ||
 			!card->can_dma)
 			hpi_handle_error(hpi_stream_start(dpcm->h_stream));
 		break;
 
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		snd_card_asihpi_pcm_timer_stop(substream);
+		snd_printdd("%s trigger stop\n", name);
+		card->pcm_stop(substream);
 		snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
 			if (snd_pcm_substream_chip(s) != card)
 				continue;
@@ -638,7 +680,6 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			} else
 				break;
 		}
-		snd_printdd("stop\n");
 
 		/* _prepare and _hwparams reset the stream */
 		hpi_handle_error(hpi_stream_stop(dpcm->h_stream));
@@ -651,13 +692,13 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		break;
 
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
-		snd_printdd("pause release\n");
+		snd_printdd("%s trigger pause release\n", name);
+		card->pcm_start(substream);
 		hpi_handle_error(hpi_stream_start(dpcm->h_stream));
-		snd_card_asihpi_pcm_timer_start(substream);
 		break;
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
-		snd_printdd("pause\n");
-		snd_card_asihpi_pcm_timer_stop(substream);
+		snd_printdd("%s trigger pause push\n", name);
+		card->pcm_stop(substream);
 		hpi_handle_error(hpi_stream_stop(dpcm->h_stream));
 		break;
 	default:
@@ -729,9 +770,8 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 	u32 buffer_size, bytes_avail, samples_played, on_card_bytes;
 	char name[16];
 
-	snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
 
-	snd_printdd("%s snd_card_asihpi_timer_function\n", name);
+	snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
 
 	/* find minimum newdata and buffer pos in group */
 	snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
@@ -769,10 +809,7 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 						s->number);
 				ds->drained_count++;
 				if (ds->drained_count > 20) {
-					unsigned long flags;
-					snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(s, flags);
-					snd_pcm_stop(s, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-					snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(s, flags);
+					snd_pcm_stop_xrun(s);
 					continue;
 				}
 			} else {
@@ -794,19 +831,21 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 				newdata);
 		}
 
-		snd_printdd("hw_ptr 0x%04lX, appl_ptr 0x%04lX\n",
+		snd_printddd(
+			"timer1, %s, %d, S=%d, elap=%d, rw=%d, dsp=%d, left=%d, aux=%d, space=%d, hw_ptr=%ld, appl_ptr=%ld\n",
+			name, s->number, state,
+			ds->pcm_buf_elapsed_dma_ofs,
+			ds->pcm_buf_host_rw_ofs,
+			pcm_buf_dma_ofs,
+			(int)bytes_avail,
+
+			(int)on_card_bytes,
+			buffer_size-bytes_avail,
 			(unsigned long)frames_to_bytes(runtime,
 						runtime->status->hw_ptr),
 			(unsigned long)frames_to_bytes(runtime,
-						runtime->control->appl_ptr));
-
-		snd_printdd("%d S=%d, "
-			"rw=0x%04X, dma=0x%04X, left=0x%04X, "
-			"aux=0x%04X space=0x%04X\n",
-			s->number, state,
-			ds->pcm_buf_host_rw_ofs, pcm_buf_dma_ofs,
-			(int)bytes_avail,
-			(int)on_card_bytes, buffer_size-bytes_avail);
+						runtime->control->appl_ptr)
+		);
 		loops++;
 	}
 	pcm_buf_dma_ofs = min_buf_pos;
@@ -824,16 +863,18 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 
 	next_jiffies = max(next_jiffies, 1U);
 	dpcm->timer.expires = jiffies + next_jiffies;
-	snd_printdd("jif %d buf pos 0x%04X newdata 0x%04X xfer 0x%04X\n",
+	snd_printddd("timer2, jif=%d, buf_pos=%d, newdata=%d, xfer=%d\n",
 			next_jiffies, pcm_buf_dma_ofs, newdata, xfercount);
 
 	snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
 		struct snd_card_asihpi_pcm *ds = s->runtime->private_data;
+		runtime = s->runtime;
 
 		/* don't link Cap and Play */
 		if (substream->stream != s->stream)
 			continue;
 
+		/* Store dma offset for use by pointer callback */
 		ds->pcm_buf_dma_ofs = pcm_buf_dma_ofs;
 
 		if (xfercount &&
@@ -856,7 +897,7 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 			}
 
 			if (s->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
-				snd_printddd("P%d write1 0x%04X 0x%04X\n",
+				snd_printddd("write1, P=%d, xfer=%d, buf_ofs=%d\n",
 					s->number, xfer1, buf_ofs);
 				hpi_handle_error(
 					hpi_outstream_write_buf(
@@ -866,7 +907,7 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 				if (xfer2) {
 					pd = s->runtime->dma_area;
 
-					snd_printddd("P%d write2 0x%04X 0x%04X\n",
+					snd_printddd("write2, P=%d, xfer=%d, buf_ofs=%d\n",
 							s->number,
 							xfercount - xfer1, buf_ofs);
 					hpi_handle_error(
@@ -876,7 +917,7 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 							&ds->format));
 				}
 			} else {
-				snd_printddd("C%d read1 0x%04x\n",
+				snd_printddd("read1, C=%d, xfer=%d\n",
 					s->number, xfer1);
 				hpi_handle_error(
 					hpi_instream_read_buf(
@@ -884,7 +925,7 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 						pd, xfer1));
 				if (xfer2) {
 					pd = s->runtime->dma_area;
-					snd_printddd("C%d read2 0x%04x\n",
+					snd_printddd("read2, C=%d, xfer=%d\n",
 						s->number, xfer2);
 					hpi_handle_error(
 						hpi_instream_read_buf(
@@ -892,16 +933,38 @@ static void snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(unsigned long data)
 							pd, xfer2));
 				}
 			}
+			/* ? host_rw_ofs always ahead of elapsed_dma_ofs by preload size? */
 			ds->pcm_buf_host_rw_ofs += xfercount;
 			ds->pcm_buf_elapsed_dma_ofs += xfercount;
 			snd_pcm_period_elapsed(s);
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (dpcm->respawn_timer)
+	if (!card->hpi->interrupt_mode && dpcm->respawn_timer)
 		add_timer(&dpcm->timer);
 }
 
+static void snd_card_asihpi_int_task(unsigned long data)
+{
+	struct hpi_adapter *a = (struct hpi_adapter *)data;
+	struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi;
+
+	WARN_ON(!a || !a->snd_card || !a->snd_card->private_data);
+	asihpi = (struct snd_card_asihpi *)a->snd_card->private_data;
+	if (asihpi->llmode_streampriv)
+		snd_card_asihpi_timer_function(
+			(unsigned long)asihpi->llmode_streampriv);
+}
+
+static void snd_card_asihpi_isr(struct hpi_adapter *a)
+{
+	struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi;
+
+	WARN_ON(!a || !a->snd_card || !a->snd_card->private_data);
+	asihpi = (struct snd_card_asihpi *)a->snd_card->private_data;
+	tasklet_schedule(&asihpi->t);
+}
+
 /***************************** PLAYBACK OPS ****************/
 static int snd_card_asihpi_playback_ioctl(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 					  unsigned int cmd, void *arg)
@@ -937,7 +1000,7 @@ snd_card_asihpi_playback_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
 
 	ptr = bytes_to_frames(runtime, dpcm->pcm_buf_dma_ofs  % dpcm->buffer_bytes);
-	snd_printddd("%s pointer = 0x%04lx\n", name, (unsigned long)ptr);
+	snd_printddd("%s, pointer=%ld\n", name, (unsigned long)ptr);
 	return ptr;
 }
 
@@ -1009,13 +1072,22 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	runtime->private_free = snd_card_asihpi_runtime_free;
 
 	memset(&snd_card_asihpi_playback, 0, sizeof(snd_card_asihpi_playback));
-	snd_card_asihpi_playback.buffer_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX;
-	snd_card_asihpi_playback.period_bytes_min = PERIOD_BYTES_MIN;
-	/*?snd_card_asihpi_playback.period_bytes_min =
-	card->out_max_chans * 4096; */
-	snd_card_asihpi_playback.period_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIODS_MIN;
-	snd_card_asihpi_playback.periods_min = PERIODS_MIN;
-	snd_card_asihpi_playback.periods_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIOD_BYTES_MIN;
+	if (!card->hpi->interrupt_mode) {
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.buffer_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.period_bytes_min = PERIOD_BYTES_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.period_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIODS_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.periods_min = PERIODS_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.periods_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIOD_BYTES_MIN;
+	} else {
+		size_t pbmin = card->update_interval_frames *
+			card->out_max_chans;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.buffer_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.period_bytes_min = pbmin;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.period_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIODS_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.periods_min = PERIODS_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_playback.periods_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / pbmin;
+	}
+
 	/* snd_card_asihpi_playback.fifo_size = 0; */
 	snd_card_asihpi_playback.channels_max = card->out_max_chans;
 	snd_card_asihpi_playback.channels_min = card->out_min_chans;
@@ -1050,7 +1122,7 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 		card->update_interval_frames);
 
 	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE,
-		card->update_interval_frames * 2, UINT_MAX);
+		card->update_interval_frames, UINT_MAX);
 
 	snd_printdd("playback open\n");
 
@@ -1085,9 +1157,10 @@ snd_card_asihpi_capture_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	struct snd_card_asihpi_pcm *dpcm = runtime->private_data;
+	char name[16];
+	snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
 
-	snd_printddd("capture pointer %d=%d\n",
-			substream->number, dpcm->pcm_buf_dma_ofs);
+	snd_printddd("%s, pointer=%d\n", name, dpcm->pcm_buf_dma_ofs);
 	/* NOTE Unlike playback can't use actual samples_played
 		for the capture position, because those samples aren't yet in
 		the local buffer available for reading.
@@ -1115,8 +1188,6 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-
-
 static u64 snd_card_asihpi_capture_formats(struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi,
 					u32 h_stream)
 {
@@ -1183,11 +1254,21 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_capture_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	runtime->private_free = snd_card_asihpi_runtime_free;
 
 	memset(&snd_card_asihpi_capture, 0, sizeof(snd_card_asihpi_capture));
-	snd_card_asihpi_capture.buffer_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX;
-	snd_card_asihpi_capture.period_bytes_min = PERIOD_BYTES_MIN;
-	snd_card_asihpi_capture.period_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIODS_MIN;
-	snd_card_asihpi_capture.periods_min = PERIODS_MIN;
-	snd_card_asihpi_capture.periods_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIOD_BYTES_MIN;
+	if (!card->hpi->interrupt_mode) {
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.buffer_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.period_bytes_min = PERIOD_BYTES_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.period_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIODS_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.periods_min = PERIODS_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.periods_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIOD_BYTES_MIN;
+	} else {
+		size_t pbmin = card->update_interval_frames *
+			card->out_max_chans;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.buffer_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.period_bytes_min = pbmin;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.period_bytes_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / PERIODS_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.periods_min = PERIODS_MIN;
+		snd_card_asihpi_capture.periods_max = BUFFER_BYTES_MAX / pbmin;
+	}
 	/* snd_card_asihpi_capture.fifo_size = 0; */
 	snd_card_asihpi_capture.channels_max = card->in_max_chans;
 	snd_card_asihpi_capture.channels_min = card->in_min_chans;
@@ -1212,7 +1293,7 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_capture_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE,
 		card->update_interval_frames);
 	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE,
-		card->update_interval_frames * 2, UINT_MAX);
+		card->update_interval_frames, UINT_MAX);
 
 	snd_pcm_set_sync(substream);
 
@@ -1296,8 +1377,9 @@ static const char * const asihpi_tuner_band_names[] = {
 	"TV PAL I",
 	"TV PAL DK",
 	"TV SECAM",
+	"TV DAB",
 };
-
+/* Number of strings must match the enumerations for HPI_TUNER_BAND in hpi.h */
 compile_time_assert(
 	(ARRAY_SIZE(asihpi_tuner_band_names) ==
 		(HPI_TUNER_BAND_LAST+1)),
@@ -1317,9 +1399,11 @@ static const char * const asihpi_src_names[] = {
 	"Analog",
 	"Adapter",
 	"RTP",
-	"Internal"
+	"Internal",
+	"AVB",
+	"BLU-Link"
 };
-
+/* Number of strings must match the enumerations for HPI_SOURCENODES in hpi.h */
 compile_time_assert(
 	(ARRAY_SIZE(asihpi_src_names) ==
 		(HPI_SOURCENODE_LAST_INDEX-HPI_SOURCENODE_NONE+1)),
@@ -1335,8 +1419,11 @@ static const char * const asihpi_dst_names[] = {
 	"Net",
 	"Analog",
 	"RTP",
+	"AVB",
+	"Internal",
+	"BLU-Link"
 };
-
+/* Number of strings must match the enumerations for HPI_DESTNODES in hpi.h */
 compile_time_assert(
 	(ARRAY_SIZE(asihpi_dst_names) ==
 		(HPI_DESTNODE_LAST_INDEX-HPI_DESTNODE_NONE+1)),
@@ -1351,7 +1438,7 @@ static inline int ctl_add(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_kcontrol_new *ctl,
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 	else if (mixer_dump)
-		snd_printk(KERN_INFO "added %s(%d)\n", ctl->name, ctl->index);
+		dev_info(&asihpi->pci->dev, "added %s(%d)\n", ctl->name, ctl->index);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1625,18 +1712,7 @@ static const char * const asihpi_aesebu_format_names[] = {
 static int snd_asihpi_aesebu_format_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		asihpi_aesebu_format_names[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, asihpi_aesebu_format_names);
 }
 
 static int snd_asihpi_aesebu_format_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1863,22 +1939,7 @@ static int snd_asihpi_tuner_band_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	if (num_bands < 0)
 		return num_bands;
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = num_bands;
-
-	if (num_bands > 0) {
-		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >=
-					uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-				uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-			asihpi_tuner_band_names[
-				tuner_bands[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]]);
-
-	}
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, num_bands, asihpi_tuner_band_names);
 }
 
 static int snd_asihpi_tuner_band_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -2253,7 +2314,7 @@ static int snd_asihpi_cmode_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	u32 h_control = kcontrol->private_value;
 	u16 mode;
 	int i;
-	u16 mode_map[6];
+	const char *mapped_names[6];
 	int valid_modes = 0;
 
 	/* HPI channel mode values can be from 1 to 6
@@ -2262,24 +2323,14 @@ static int snd_asihpi_cmode_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	for (i = 0; i < HPI_CHANNEL_MODE_LAST; i++)
 		if (!hpi_channel_mode_query_mode(
 			h_control, i, &mode)) {
-			mode_map[valid_modes] = mode;
+			mapped_names[valid_modes] = mode_names[mode];
 			valid_modes++;
 			}
 
 	if (!valid_modes)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = valid_modes;
-
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= valid_modes)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = valid_modes - 1;
-
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       mode_names[mode_map[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, valid_modes, mapped_names);
 }
 
 static int snd_asihpi_cmode_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -2328,13 +2379,18 @@ static int snd_asihpi_cmode_add(struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi,
 /*------------------------------------------------------------
    Sampleclock source  controls
  ------------------------------------------------------------*/
-static char *sampleclock_sources[MAX_CLOCKSOURCES] = {
+static const char const *sampleclock_sources[] = {
 	"N/A", "Local PLL", "Digital Sync", "Word External", "Word Header",
 	"SMPTE", "Digital1", "Auto", "Network", "Invalid",
-	"Prev Module",
+	"Prev Module", "BLU-Link",
 	"Digital2", "Digital3", "Digital4", "Digital5",
 	"Digital6", "Digital7", "Digital8"};
 
+	/* Number of strings must match expected enumerated values */
+	compile_time_assert(
+		(ARRAY_SIZE(sampleclock_sources) == MAX_CLOCKSOURCES),
+		assert_sampleclock_sources_size);
+
 static int snd_asihpi_clksrc_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
@@ -2482,15 +2538,19 @@ static int snd_asihpi_clkrate_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_asihpi_sampleclock_add(struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi,
 				      struct hpi_control *hpi_ctl)
 {
-	struct snd_card *card = asihpi->card;
+	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_control;
 
-	struct clk_cache *clkcache = &asihpi->cc;
+	struct clk_cache *clkcache;
 	u32 hSC =  hpi_ctl->h_control;
 	int has_aes_in = 0;
 	int i, j;
 	u16 source;
 
+	if (snd_BUG_ON(!asihpi))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	card = asihpi->card;
+	clkcache = &asihpi->cc;
 	snd_control.private_value = hpi_ctl->h_control;
 
 	clkcache->has_local = 0;
@@ -2592,7 +2652,7 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_mixer_new(struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi)
 		if (err) {
 			if (err == HPI_ERROR_CONTROL_DISABLED) {
 				if (mixer_dump)
-					snd_printk(KERN_INFO
+					dev_info(&asihpi->pci->dev,
 						   "Disabled HPI Control(%d)\n",
 						   idx);
 				continue;
@@ -2657,9 +2717,8 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_mixer_new(struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi)
 		case HPI_CONTROL_COMPANDER:
 		default:
 			if (mixer_dump)
-				snd_printk(KERN_INFO
-					"Untranslated HPI Control"
-					"(%d) %d %d %d %d %d\n",
+				dev_info(&asihpi->pci->dev,
+					"Untranslated HPI Control (%d) %d %d %d %d %d\n",
 					idx,
 					hpi_ctl.control_type,
 					hpi_ctl.src_node_type,
@@ -2674,7 +2733,7 @@ static int snd_card_asihpi_mixer_new(struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi)
 	if (HPI_ERROR_INVALID_OBJ_INDEX != err)
 		hpi_handle_error(err);
 
-	snd_printk(KERN_INFO "%d mixer controls found\n", idx);
+	dev_info(&asihpi->pci->dev, "%d mixer controls found\n", idx);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2837,8 +2896,7 @@ static int snd_asihpi_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 				   &card);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
-		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING
-			"**** WARNING **** Adapter index %d->ALSA index %d\n",
+		dev_warn(&pci_dev->dev, "Adapter index %d->ALSA index %d\n",
 			adapter_index, card->number);
 	}
 
@@ -2846,9 +2904,7 @@ static int snd_asihpi_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 	asihpi->card = card;
 	asihpi->pci = pci_dev;
 	asihpi->hpi = hpi;
-
-	snd_printk(KERN_INFO "adapter ID=%4X index=%d\n",
-			asihpi->hpi->adapter->type, adapter_index);
+	hpi->snd_card = card;
 
 	err = hpi_adapter_get_property(adapter_index,
 		HPI_ADAPTER_PROPERTY_CAPS1,
@@ -2868,8 +2924,16 @@ static int snd_asihpi_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 	if (err)
 		asihpi->update_interval_frames = 512;
 
-	if (!asihpi->can_dma)
-		asihpi->update_interval_frames *= 2;
+	if (hpi->interrupt_mode) {
+		asihpi->pcm_start = snd_card_asihpi_pcm_int_start;
+		asihpi->pcm_stop = snd_card_asihpi_pcm_int_stop;
+		tasklet_init(&asihpi->t, snd_card_asihpi_int_task,
+			(unsigned long)hpi);
+		hpi->interrupt_callback = snd_card_asihpi_isr;
+	} else {
+		asihpi->pcm_start = snd_card_asihpi_pcm_timer_start;
+		asihpi->pcm_stop = snd_card_asihpi_pcm_timer_stop;
+	}
 
 	hpi_handle_error(hpi_instream_open(adapter_index,
 			     0, &h_stream));
@@ -2879,6 +2943,9 @@ static int snd_asihpi_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 
 	hpi_handle_error(hpi_instream_close(h_stream));
 
+	if (!asihpi->can_dma)
+		asihpi->update_interval_frames *= 2;
+
 	err = hpi_adapter_get_property(adapter_index,
 		HPI_ADAPTER_PROPERTY_CURCHANNELS,
 		&asihpi->in_max_chans, &asihpi->out_max_chans);
@@ -2896,20 +2963,21 @@ static int snd_asihpi_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 		asihpi->in_min_chans = 1;
 	}
 
-	snd_printk(KERN_INFO "Has dma:%d, grouping:%d, mrx:%d\n",
+	dev_info(&pci_dev->dev, "Has dma:%d, grouping:%d, mrx:%d, uif:%d\n",
 			asihpi->can_dma,
 			asihpi->support_grouping,
-			asihpi->support_mrx
+			asihpi->support_mrx,
+			asihpi->update_interval_frames
 	      );
 
 	err = snd_card_asihpi_pcm_new(asihpi, 0);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "pcm_new failed\n");
+		dev_err(&pci_dev->dev, "pcm_new failed\n");
 		goto __nodev;
 	}
 	err = snd_card_asihpi_mixer_new(asihpi);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "mixer_new failed\n");
+		dev_err(&pci_dev->dev, "mixer_new failed\n");
 		goto __nodev;
 	}
 
@@ -2936,13 +3004,12 @@ static int snd_asihpi_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 	err = snd_card_register(card);
 
 	if (!err) {
-		hpi->snd_card = card;
 		dev++;
 		return 0;
 	}
 __nodev:
 	snd_card_free(card);
-	snd_printk(KERN_ERR "snd_asihpi_probe error %d\n", err);
+	dev_err(&pci_dev->dev, "snd_asihpi_probe error %d\n", err);
 	return err;
 
 }
@@ -2950,6 +3017,16 @@ __nodev:
 static void snd_asihpi_remove(struct pci_dev *pci_dev)
 {
 	struct hpi_adapter *hpi = pci_get_drvdata(pci_dev);
+	struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi = hpi->snd_card->private_data;
+
+	/* Stop interrupts */
+	if (hpi->interrupt_mode) {
+		hpi->interrupt_callback = NULL;
+		hpi_handle_error(hpi_adapter_set_property(hpi->adapter->index,
+			HPI_ADAPTER_PROPERTY_IRQ_RATE, 0, 0));
+		tasklet_kill(&asihpi->t);
+	}
+
 	snd_card_free(hpi->snd_card);
 	hpi->snd_card = NULL;
 	asihpi_adapter_remove(pci_dev);
@@ -2971,10 +3048,6 @@ static struct pci_driver driver = {
 	.id_table = asihpi_pci_tbl,
 	.probe = snd_asihpi_probe,
 	.remove = snd_asihpi_remove,
-#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
-/*	.suspend = snd_asihpi_suspend,
-	.resume = snd_asihpi_resume, */
-#endif
 };
 
 static int __init snd_asihpi_init(void)
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi.h b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi.h
index 20887241a3ae..4466bd2c5272 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi.h
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi.h
@@ -196,8 +196,10 @@ enum HPI_SOURCENODES {
 	    packets of RTP audio samples from other devices. */
 	HPI_SOURCENODE_RTP_DESTINATION = 112,
 	HPI_SOURCENODE_INTERNAL = 113,	     /**< node internal to the device. */
+	HPI_SOURCENODE_AVB = 114,	     /**< AVB input stream */
+	HPI_SOURCENODE_BLULINK = 115,	     /**< BLU-link input channel */
 	/* !!!Update this  AND hpidebug.h if you add a new sourcenode type!!! */
-	HPI_SOURCENODE_LAST_INDEX = 113	     /**< largest ID */
+	HPI_SOURCENODE_LAST_INDEX = 115	     /**< largest ID */
 		/* AX6 max sourcenode types = 15 */
 };
 
@@ -224,8 +226,11 @@ enum HPI_DESTNODES {
 	/** RTP stream output node - This node is a source for
 	    packets of RTP audio samples that are sent to other devices. */
 	HPI_DESTNODE_RTP_SOURCE = 208,
+	HPI_DESTNODE_AVB = 209,		     /**< AVB output stream */
+	HPI_DESTNODE_INTERNAL = 210,	     /**< node internal to the device. */
+	HPI_DESTNODE_BLULINK = 211,	     /**< BLU-link output channel. */
 	/* !!!Update this AND hpidebug.h if you add a new destnode type!!! */
-	HPI_DESTNODE_LAST_INDEX = 208	     /**< largest ID */
+	HPI_DESTNODE_LAST_INDEX = 211	     /**< largest ID */
 		/* AX6 max destnode types = 15 */
 };
 
@@ -752,7 +757,8 @@ enum HPI_TUNER_BAND {
 	HPI_TUNER_BAND_TV_PAL_I = 7,	 /**< PAL-I TV band*/
 	HPI_TUNER_BAND_TV_PAL_DK = 8,	 /**< PAL-D/K TV band*/
 	HPI_TUNER_BAND_TV_SECAM_L = 9,	 /**< SECAM-L TV band*/
-	HPI_TUNER_BAND_LAST = 9	/**< the index of the last tuner band. */
+	HPI_TUNER_BAND_DAB = 10,
+	HPI_TUNER_BAND_LAST = 10 /**< the index of the last tuner band. */
 };
 
 /** Tuner mode attributes
@@ -842,8 +848,10 @@ enum HPI_SAMPLECLOCK_SOURCES {
 	HPI_SAMPLECLOCK_SOURCE_NETWORK = 8,
 /** From previous adjacent module (ASI2416 only)*/
 	HPI_SAMPLECLOCK_SOURCE_PREV_MODULE = 10,
+/** Blu link sample clock*/
+	HPI_SAMPLECLOCK_SOURCE_BLULINK = 11,
 /*! Update this if you add a new clock source.*/
-	HPI_SAMPLECLOCK_SOURCE_LAST = 10
+	HPI_SAMPLECLOCK_SOURCE_LAST = 11
 };
 
 /** Equalizer filter types. Used by HPI_ParametricEq_SetBand()
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi6205.c b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi6205.c
index 4f2873880b16..8d5abfa4e24b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi6205.c
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi6205.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 
     AudioScience HPI driver
-    Copyright (C) 1997-2011  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
+    Copyright (C) 1997-2014  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -163,6 +163,9 @@ static u16 create_adapter_obj(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao,
 
 static void delete_adapter_obj(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao);
 
+static int adapter_irq_query_and_clear(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao,
+	u32 message);
+
 static void outstream_host_buffer_allocate(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao,
 	struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr);
 
@@ -283,7 +286,6 @@ static void adapter_message(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao,
 	case HPI_ADAPTER_DELETE:
 		adapter_delete(pao, phm, phr);
 		break;
-
 	default:
 		hw_message(pao, phm, phr);
 		break;
@@ -673,6 +675,12 @@ static u16 create_adapter_obj(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao,
 
 	HPI_DEBUG_LOG(INFO, "bootload DSP OK\n");
 
+	pao->irq_query_and_clear = adapter_irq_query_and_clear;
+	pao->instream_host_buffer_status =
+		phw->p_interface_buffer->instream_host_buffer_status;
+	pao->outstream_host_buffer_status =
+		phw->p_interface_buffer->outstream_host_buffer_status;
+
 	return hpi_add_adapter(pao);
 }
 
@@ -713,6 +721,21 @@ static void delete_adapter_obj(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao)
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 /* Adapter functions */
+static int adapter_irq_query_and_clear(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao,
+	u32 message)
+{
+	struct hpi_hw_obj *phw = pao->priv;
+	u32 hsr = 0;
+
+	hsr = ioread32(phw->prHSR);
+	if (hsr & C6205_HSR_INTSRC) {
+		/* reset the interrupt from the DSP */
+		iowrite32(C6205_HSR_INTSRC, phw->prHSR);
+		return HPI_IRQ_MIXER;
+	}
+
+	return HPI_IRQ_NONE;
+}
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 /* OutStream Host buffer functions */
@@ -1331,17 +1354,21 @@ static u16 adapter_boot_load_dsp(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao,
 	if (boot_code_id[1] != 0) {
 		/* DSP 1 is a C6713 */
 		/* CLKX0 <- '1' release the C6205 bootmode pulldowns */
-		boot_loader_write_mem32(pao, 0, (0x018C0024L), 0x00002202);
+		boot_loader_write_mem32(pao, 0, 0x018C0024, 0x00002202);
 		hpios_delay_micro_seconds(100);
 		/* Reset the 6713 #1 - revB */
 		boot_loader_write_mem32(pao, 0, C6205_BAR0_TIMER1_CTL, 0);
-
-		/* dummy read every 4 words for 6205 advisory 1.4.4 */
-		boot_loader_read_mem32(pao, 0, 0);
-
+		/* value of bit 3 is unknown after DSP reset, other bits shoudl be 0 */
+		if (0 != (boot_loader_read_mem32(pao, 0,
+					(C6205_BAR0_TIMER1_CTL)) & ~8))
+			return HPI6205_ERROR_6205_REG;
 		hpios_delay_micro_seconds(100);
+
 		/* Release C6713 from reset - revB */
 		boot_loader_write_mem32(pao, 0, C6205_BAR0_TIMER1_CTL, 4);
+		if (4 != (boot_loader_read_mem32(pao, 0,
+					(C6205_BAR0_TIMER1_CTL)) & ~8))
+			return HPI6205_ERROR_6205_REG;
 		hpios_delay_micro_seconds(100);
 	}
 
@@ -2089,7 +2116,7 @@ static u16 message_response_sequence(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	/* Assume buffer of type struct bus_master_interface
+	/* Assume buffer of type struct bus_master_interface_62
 	   is allocated "noncacheable" */
 
 	if (!wait_dsp_ack(phw, H620_HIF_IDLE, HPI6205_TIMEOUT)) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi_internal.h b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi_internal.h
index bc86cb726d79..48380ce2c81b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi_internal.h
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpi_internal.h
@@ -554,17 +554,21 @@ struct hpi_pci {
 	struct pci_dev *pci_dev;
 };
 
+/** Adapter specification resource */
+struct hpi_adapter_specification {
+	u32 type;
+	u8 modules[4];
+};
+
 struct hpi_resource {
 	union {
 		const struct hpi_pci *pci;
 		const char *net_if;
+		struct hpi_adapter_specification adapter_spec;
+		const void *sw_if;
 	} r;
-#ifndef HPI64BIT		/* keep structure size constant */
-	u32 pad_to64;
-#endif
 	u16 bus_type;		/* HPI_BUS_PNPISA, _PCI, _USB etc */
 	u16 padding;
-
 };
 
 /** Format info used inside struct hpi_message
@@ -582,7 +586,7 @@ struct hpi_msg_format {
 struct hpi_msg_data {
 	struct hpi_msg_format format;
 	u8 *pb_data;
-#ifndef HPI64BIT
+#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
 	u32 padding;
 #endif
 	u32 data_size;
@@ -595,7 +599,7 @@ struct hpi_data_legacy32 {
 	u32 data_size;
 };
 
-#ifdef HPI64BIT
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
 /* Compatibility version of struct hpi_data*/
 struct hpi_data_compat32 {
 	struct hpi_msg_format format;
@@ -682,8 +686,8 @@ union hpi_adapterx_msg {
 		u16 value;
 	} test_assert;
 	struct {
-		u32 yes;
-	} irq_query;
+		u32 message;
+	} irq;
 	u32 pad[3];
 };
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpicmn.c b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpicmn.c
index 7ed5c26c3737..c7751243dc42 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpicmn.c
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpicmn.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 
     AudioScience HPI driver
-    Copyright (C) 1997-2011  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
+    Copyright (C) 1997-2014  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -206,6 +206,14 @@ static unsigned int control_cache_alloc_check(struct hpi_control_cache *pC)
 			struct hpi_control_cache_info *info =
 				(struct hpi_control_cache_info *)
 				&p_master_cache[byte_count];
+			u16 control_index = info->control_index;
+
+			if (control_index >= pC->control_count) {
+				HPI_DEBUG_LOG(INFO,
+					"adap %d control index %d out of range, cache not ready?\n",
+					pC->adap_idx, control_index);
+				return 0;
+			}
 
 			if (!info->size_in32bit_words) {
 				if (!i) {
@@ -225,10 +233,10 @@ static unsigned int control_cache_alloc_check(struct hpi_control_cache *pC)
 			}
 
 			if (info->control_type) {
-				pC->p_info[info->control_index] = info;
+				pC->p_info[control_index] = info;
 				cached++;
 			} else {	/* dummy cache entry */
-				pC->p_info[info->control_index] = NULL;
+				pC->p_info[control_index] = NULL;
 			}
 
 			byte_count += info->size_in32bit_words * 4;
@@ -309,35 +317,18 @@ static const struct pad_ofs_size pad_desc[] = {
 /** CheckControlCache checks the cache and fills the struct hpi_response
  * accordingly. It returns one if a cache hit occurred, zero otherwise.
  */
-short hpi_check_control_cache(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache,
+short hpi_check_control_cache_single(struct hpi_control_cache_single *pC,
 	struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr)
 {
-	short found = 1;
-	struct hpi_control_cache_info *pI;
-	struct hpi_control_cache_single *pC;
 	size_t response_size;
-	if (!find_control(phm->obj_index, p_cache, &pI)) {
-		HPI_DEBUG_LOG(VERBOSE,
-			"HPICMN find_control() failed for adap %d\n",
-			phm->adapter_index);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	phr->error = 0;
-	phr->specific_error = 0;
-	phr->version = 0;
+	short found = 1;
 
 	/* set the default response size */
 	response_size =
 		sizeof(struct hpi_response_header) +
 		sizeof(struct hpi_control_res);
 
-	/* pC is the default cached control strucure. May be cast to
-	   something else in the following switch statement.
-	 */
-	pC = (struct hpi_control_cache_single *)pI;
-
-	switch (pI->control_type) {
+	switch (pC->u.i.control_type) {
 
 	case HPI_CONTROL_METER:
 		if (phm->u.c.attribute == HPI_METER_PEAK) {
@@ -467,7 +458,7 @@ short hpi_check_control_cache(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache,
 		break;
 	case HPI_CONTROL_PAD:{
 			struct hpi_control_cache_pad *p_pad;
-			p_pad = (struct hpi_control_cache_pad *)pI;
+			p_pad = (struct hpi_control_cache_pad *)pC;
 
 			if (!(p_pad->field_valid_flags & (1 <<
 						HPI_CTL_ATTR_INDEX(phm->u.c.
@@ -531,7 +522,8 @@ short hpi_check_control_cache(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache,
 
 	HPI_DEBUG_LOG(VERBOSE, "%s Adap %d, Ctl %d, Type %d, Attr %d\n",
 		found ? "Cached" : "Uncached", phm->adapter_index,
-		pI->control_index, pI->control_type, phm->u.c.attribute);
+		pC->u.i.control_index, pC->u.i.control_type,
+		phm->u.c.attribute);
 
 	if (found) {
 		phr->size = (u16)response_size;
@@ -543,34 +535,36 @@ short hpi_check_control_cache(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache,
 	return found;
 }
 
-/** Updates the cache with Set values.
-
-Only update if no error.
-Volume and Level return the limited values in the response, so use these
-Multiplexer does so use sent values
-*/
-void hpi_cmn_control_cache_sync_to_msg(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache,
+short hpi_check_control_cache(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache,
 	struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr)
 {
-	struct hpi_control_cache_single *pC;
 	struct hpi_control_cache_info *pI;
 
-	if (phr->error)
-		return;
-
 	if (!find_control(phm->obj_index, p_cache, &pI)) {
 		HPI_DEBUG_LOG(VERBOSE,
 			"HPICMN find_control() failed for adap %d\n",
 			phm->adapter_index);
-		return;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
-	/* pC is the default cached control strucure.
-	   May be cast to something else in the following switch statement.
-	 */
-	pC = (struct hpi_control_cache_single *)pI;
+	phr->error = 0;
+	phr->specific_error = 0;
+	phr->version = 0;
+
+	return hpi_check_control_cache_single((struct hpi_control_cache_single
+			*)pI, phm, phr);
+}
+
+/** Updates the cache with Set values.
 
-	switch (pI->control_type) {
+Only update if no error.
+Volume and Level return the limited values in the response, so use these
+Multiplexer does so use sent values
+*/
+void hpi_cmn_control_cache_sync_to_msg_single(struct hpi_control_cache_single
+	*pC, struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr)
+{
+	switch (pC->u.i.control_type) {
 	case HPI_CONTROL_VOLUME:
 		if (phm->u.c.attribute == HPI_VOLUME_GAIN) {
 			pC->u.vol.an_log[0] = phr->u.c.an_log_value[0];
@@ -625,6 +619,30 @@ void hpi_cmn_control_cache_sync_to_msg(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache,
 	}
 }
 
+void hpi_cmn_control_cache_sync_to_msg(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache,
+	struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr)
+{
+	struct hpi_control_cache_single *pC;
+	struct hpi_control_cache_info *pI;
+
+	if (phr->error)
+		return;
+
+	if (!find_control(phm->obj_index, p_cache, &pI)) {
+		HPI_DEBUG_LOG(VERBOSE,
+			"HPICMN find_control() failed for adap %d\n",
+			phm->adapter_index);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* pC is the default cached control strucure.
+	   May be cast to something else in the following switch statement.
+	 */
+	pC = (struct hpi_control_cache_single *)pI;
+
+	hpi_cmn_control_cache_sync_to_msg_single(pC, phm, phr);
+}
+
 /** Allocate control cache.
 
 \return Cache pointer, or NULL if allocation fails.
@@ -637,12 +655,13 @@ struct hpi_control_cache *hpi_alloc_control_cache(const u32 control_count,
 	if (!p_cache)
 		return NULL;
 
-	p_cache->p_info = kcalloc(control_count, sizeof(*p_cache->p_info),
-				  GFP_KERNEL);
+	p_cache->p_info =
+		kcalloc(control_count, sizeof(*p_cache->p_info), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!p_cache->p_info) {
 		kfree(p_cache);
 		return NULL;
 	}
+
 	p_cache->cache_size_in_bytes = size_in_bytes;
 	p_cache->control_count = control_count;
 	p_cache->p_cache = p_dsp_control_buffer;
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpicmn.h b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpicmn.h
index e44121283047..46629c2d101b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpicmn.h
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpicmn.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /**
 
     AudioScience HPI driver
-    Copyright (C) 1997-2011  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
+    Copyright (C) 1997-2014  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@
 struct hpi_adapter_obj;
 
 /* a function that takes an adapter obj and returns an int */
-typedef int adapter_int_func(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao);
+typedef int adapter_int_func(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao, u32 message);
+
+#define HPI_IRQ_NONE		(0)
+#define HPI_IRQ_MESSAGE		(1)
+#define HPI_IRQ_MIXER		(2)
 
 struct hpi_adapter_obj {
 	struct hpi_pci pci;	/* PCI info - bus#,dev#,address etc */
@@ -33,6 +37,9 @@ struct hpi_adapter_obj {
 	u16 dsp_crashed;
 	u16 has_control_cache;
 	void *priv;
+	adapter_int_func *irq_query_and_clear;
+	struct hpi_hostbuffer_status *instream_host_buffer_status;
+	struct hpi_hostbuffer_status *outstream_host_buffer_status;
 };
 
 struct hpi_control_cache {
@@ -55,13 +62,21 @@ void hpi_delete_adapter(struct hpi_adapter_obj *pao);
 
 short hpi_check_control_cache(struct hpi_control_cache *pC,
 	struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr);
+
+short hpi_check_control_cache_single(struct hpi_control_cache_single *pC,
+	struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr);
+
 struct hpi_control_cache *hpi_alloc_control_cache(const u32
 	number_of_controls, const u32 size_in_bytes, u8 *pDSP_control_buffer);
+
 void hpi_free_control_cache(struct hpi_control_cache *p_cache);
 
 void hpi_cmn_control_cache_sync_to_msg(struct hpi_control_cache *pC,
 	struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr);
 
+void hpi_cmn_control_cache_sync_to_msg_single(struct hpi_control_cache_single
+	*pC, struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr);
+
 u16 hpi_validate_response(struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr);
 
 hpi_handler_func HPI_COMMON;
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpimsginit.c b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpimsginit.c
index 032d563e3708..7eb617175fde 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpimsginit.c
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpimsginit.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 
     AudioScience HPI driver
-    Copyright (C) 1997-2011  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
+    Copyright (C) 1997-2014  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -37,11 +37,15 @@ static u16 gwSSX2_bypass;
 static void hpi_init_message(struct hpi_message *phm, u16 object,
 	u16 function)
 {
-	memset(phm, 0, sizeof(*phm));
+	u16 size;
+
 	if ((object > 0) && (object <= HPI_OBJ_MAXINDEX))
-		phm->size = msg_size[object];
+		size = msg_size[object];
 	else
-		phm->size = sizeof(*phm);
+		size = sizeof(*phm);
+
+	memset(phm, 0, size);
+	phm->size = size;
 
 	if (gwSSX2_bypass)
 		phm->type = HPI_TYPE_SSX2BYPASS_MESSAGE;
@@ -60,12 +64,16 @@ static void hpi_init_message(struct hpi_message *phm, u16 object,
 void hpi_init_response(struct hpi_response *phr, u16 object, u16 function,
 	u16 error)
 {
-	memset(phr, 0, sizeof(*phr));
-	phr->type = HPI_TYPE_RESPONSE;
+	u16 size;
+
 	if ((object > 0) && (object <= HPI_OBJ_MAXINDEX))
-		phr->size = res_size[object];
+		size = res_size[object];
 	else
-		phr->size = sizeof(*phr);
+		size = sizeof(*phr);
+
+	memset(phr, 0, sizeof(*phr));
+	phr->size = size;
+	phr->type = HPI_TYPE_RESPONSE;
 	phr->object = object;
 	phr->function = function;
 	phr->error = error;
@@ -86,7 +94,7 @@ void hpi_init_message_response(struct hpi_message *phm,
 static void hpi_init_messageV1(struct hpi_message_header *phm, u16 size,
 	u16 object, u16 function)
 {
-	memset(phm, 0, sizeof(*phm));
+	memset(phm, 0, size);
 	if ((object > 0) && (object <= HPI_OBJ_MAXINDEX)) {
 		phm->size = size;
 		phm->type = HPI_TYPE_REQUEST;
@@ -100,7 +108,9 @@ static void hpi_init_messageV1(struct hpi_message_header *phm, u16 size,
 void hpi_init_responseV1(struct hpi_response_header *phr, u16 size,
 	u16 object, u16 function)
 {
-	memset(phr, 0, sizeof(*phr));
+	(void)object;
+	(void)function;
+	memset(phr, 0, size);
 	phr->size = size;
 	phr->version = 1;
 	phr->type = HPI_TYPE_RESPONSE;
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpimsgx.c b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpimsgx.c
index d4790ddc225c..736f45337fc7 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpimsgx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpimsgx.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 
     AudioScience HPI driver
-    Copyright (C) 1997-2011  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
+    Copyright (C) 1997-2014  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ static struct pci_device_id asihpi_pci_tbl[] = {
 static struct hpios_spinlock msgx_lock;
 
 static hpi_handler_func *hpi_entry_points[HPI_MAX_ADAPTERS];
+static int logging_enabled = 1;
 
 static hpi_handler_func *hpi_lookup_entry_point_function(const struct hpi_pci
 	*pci_info)
@@ -312,7 +313,9 @@ static void instream_message(struct hpi_message *phm,
 void hpi_send_recv_ex(struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr,
 	void *h_owner)
 {
-	HPI_DEBUG_MESSAGE(DEBUG, phm);
+
+	if (logging_enabled)
+		HPI_DEBUG_MESSAGE(DEBUG, phm);
 
 	if (phm->type != HPI_TYPE_REQUEST) {
 		hpi_init_response(phr, phm->object, phm->function,
@@ -352,8 +355,14 @@ void hpi_send_recv_ex(struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr,
 		hw_entry_point(phm, phr);
 		break;
 	}
-	HPI_DEBUG_RESPONSE(phr);
 
+	if (logging_enabled)
+		HPI_DEBUG_RESPONSE(phr);
+
+	if (phr->error >= HPI_ERROR_DSP_COMMUNICATION) {
+		hpi_debug_level_set(HPI_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR);
+		logging_enabled = 0;
+	}
 }
 
 static void adapter_open(struct hpi_message *phm, struct hpi_response *phr)
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpioctl.c b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpioctl.c
index 7f0272032fbb..6aa677e60555 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpioctl.c
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpioctl.c
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 /*******************************************************************************
-
     AudioScience HPI driver
-    Copyright (C) 1997-2011  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
+    Common Linux HPI ioctl and module probe/remove functions
+
+    Copyright (C) 1997-2014  AudioScience Inc. <support@audioscience.com>
 
     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -12,11 +13,6 @@
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     GNU General Public License for more details.
 
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
-
-Common Linux HPI ioctl and module probe/remove functions
 *******************************************************************************/
 #define SOURCEFILE_NAME "hpioctl.c"
 
@@ -29,6 +25,7 @@ Common Linux HPI ioctl and module probe/remove functions
 #include "hpicmn.h"
 
 #include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
@@ -307,10 +304,38 @@ out:
 	return err;
 }
 
+static int asihpi_irq_count;
+
+static irqreturn_t asihpi_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
+{
+	struct hpi_adapter *a = dev_id;
+	int handled;
+
+	if (!a->adapter->irq_query_and_clear) {
+		pr_err("asihpi_isr ASI%04X:%d no handler\n", a->adapter->type,
+			a->adapter->index);
+		return IRQ_NONE;
+	}
+
+	handled = a->adapter->irq_query_and_clear(a->adapter, 0);
+
+	if (!handled)
+		return IRQ_NONE;
+
+	asihpi_irq_count++;
+	/* printk(KERN_INFO "asihpi_isr %d ASI%04X:%d irq handled\n",
+	   asihpi_irq_count, a->adapter->type, a->adapter->index); */
+
+	if (a->interrupt_callback)
+		a->interrupt_callback(a);
+
+	return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
 int asihpi_adapter_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 			 const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
 {
-	int idx, nm;
+	int idx, nm, low_latency_mode = 0, irq_supported = 0;
 	int adapter_index;
 	unsigned int memlen;
 	struct hpi_message hm;
@@ -388,8 +413,38 @@ int asihpi_adapter_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 	hm.adapter_index = adapter.adapter->index;
 	hpi_send_recv_ex(&hm, &hr, HOWNER_KERNEL);
 
-	if (hr.error)
+	if (hr.error) {
+		HPI_DEBUG_LOG(ERROR, "HPI_ADAPTER_OPEN failed, aborting\n");
 		goto err;
+	}
+
+	/* Check if current mode == Low Latency mode */
+	hpi_init_message_response(&hm, &hr, HPI_OBJ_ADAPTER,
+		HPI_ADAPTER_GET_MODE);
+	hm.adapter_index = adapter.adapter->index;
+	hpi_send_recv_ex(&hm, &hr, HOWNER_KERNEL);
+
+	if (!hr.error
+		&& hr.u.ax.mode.adapter_mode == HPI_ADAPTER_MODE_LOW_LATENCY)
+		low_latency_mode = 1;
+	else
+		dev_info(&pci_dev->dev,
+			"Adapter at index %d is not in low latency mode\n",
+			adapter.adapter->index);
+
+	/* Check if IRQs are supported */
+	hpi_init_message_response(&hm, &hr, HPI_OBJ_ADAPTER,
+		HPI_ADAPTER_GET_PROPERTY);
+	hm.adapter_index = adapter.adapter->index;
+	hm.u.ax.property_set.property = HPI_ADAPTER_PROPERTY_SUPPORTS_IRQ;
+	hpi_send_recv_ex(&hm, &hr, HOWNER_KERNEL);
+	if (hr.error || !hr.u.ax.property_get.parameter1) {
+		dev_info(&pci_dev->dev,
+			"IRQs not supported by adapter at index %d\n",
+			adapter.adapter->index);
+	} else {
+		irq_supported = 1;
+	}
 
 	/* WARNING can't init mutex in 'adapter'
 	 * and then copy it to adapters[] ?!?!
@@ -398,6 +453,44 @@ int asihpi_adapter_probe(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
 	mutex_init(&adapters[adapter_index].mutex);
 	pci_set_drvdata(pci_dev, &adapters[adapter_index]);
 
+	if (low_latency_mode && irq_supported) {
+		if (!adapter.adapter->irq_query_and_clear) {
+			dev_err(&pci_dev->dev,
+				"no IRQ handler for adapter %d, aborting\n",
+				adapter.adapter->index);
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		/* Disable IRQ generation on DSP side by setting the rate to 0 */
+		hpi_init_message_response(&hm, &hr, HPI_OBJ_ADAPTER,
+			HPI_ADAPTER_SET_PROPERTY);
+		hm.adapter_index = adapter.adapter->index;
+		hm.u.ax.property_set.property = HPI_ADAPTER_PROPERTY_IRQ_RATE;
+		hm.u.ax.property_set.parameter1 = 0;
+		hm.u.ax.property_set.parameter2 = 0;
+		hpi_send_recv_ex(&hm, &hr, HOWNER_KERNEL);
+		if (hr.error) {
+			HPI_DEBUG_LOG(ERROR,
+				"HPI_ADAPTER_GET_MODE failed, aborting\n");
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		/* Note: request_irq calls asihpi_isr here */
+		if (request_irq(pci_dev->irq, asihpi_isr, IRQF_SHARED,
+				"asihpi", &adapters[adapter_index])) {
+			dev_err(&pci_dev->dev, "request_irq(%d) failed\n",
+				pci_dev->irq);
+			goto err;
+		}
+
+		adapters[adapter_index].interrupt_mode = 1;
+
+		dev_info(&pci_dev->dev, "using irq %d\n", pci_dev->irq);
+		adapters[adapter_index].irq = pci_dev->irq;
+	} else {
+		dev_info(&pci_dev->dev, "using polled mode\n");
+	}
+
 	dev_info(&pci_dev->dev, "probe succeeded for ASI%04X HPI index %d\n",
 		 adapter.adapter->type, adapter_index);
 
@@ -431,6 +524,15 @@ void asihpi_adapter_remove(struct pci_dev *pci_dev)
 	pa = pci_get_drvdata(pci_dev);
 	pci = pa->adapter->pci;
 
+	/* Disable IRQ generation on DSP side */
+	hpi_init_message_response(&hm, &hr, HPI_OBJ_ADAPTER,
+		HPI_ADAPTER_SET_PROPERTY);
+	hm.adapter_index = pa->adapter->index;
+	hm.u.ax.property_set.property = HPI_ADAPTER_PROPERTY_IRQ_RATE;
+	hm.u.ax.property_set.parameter1 = 0;
+	hm.u.ax.property_set.parameter2 = 0;
+	hpi_send_recv_ex(&hm, &hr, HOWNER_KERNEL);
+
 	hpi_init_message_response(&hm, &hr, HPI_OBJ_ADAPTER,
 		HPI_ADAPTER_DELETE);
 	hm.adapter_index = pa->adapter->index;
@@ -442,8 +544,10 @@ void asihpi_adapter_remove(struct pci_dev *pci_dev)
 			iounmap(pci.ap_mem_base[idx]);
 	}
 
-	if (pa->p_buffer)
-		vfree(pa->p_buffer);
+	if (pa->irq)
+		free_irq(pa->irq, pa);
+
+	vfree(pa->p_buffer);
 
 	if (1)
 		dev_info(&pci_dev->dev,
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpios.h b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpios.h
index d3fbd0d76c37..4e383601b9cf 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/hpios.h
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/hpios.h
@@ -41,10 +41,6 @@ HPI Operating System Specific macros for Linux Kernel driver
 
 #define HPI_NO_OS_FILE_OPS
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
-#define HPI64BIT
-#endif
-
 /** Details of a memory area allocated with  pci_alloc_consistent
 Need all info for parameters to pci_free_consistent
 */
@@ -155,6 +151,10 @@ struct hpi_adapter {
 	struct hpi_adapter_obj *adapter;
 	struct snd_card *snd_card;
 
+	int irq;
+	int interrupt_mode;
+	void (*interrupt_callback) (struct hpi_adapter *);
+
 	/* mutex prevents contention for one card
 	   between multiple user programs (via ioctl) */
 	struct mutex mutex;
diff --git a/sound/pci/atiixp.c b/sound/pci/atiixp.c
index 7895c5d300c7..9c1c4452a8ee 100644
--- a/sound/pci/atiixp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/atiixp.c
@@ -688,9 +688,7 @@ static void snd_atiixp_xrun_dma(struct atiixp *chip, struct atiixp_dma *dma)
 	if (! dma->substream || ! dma->running)
 		return;
 	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "XRUN detected (DMA %d)\n", dma->ops->type);
-	snd_pcm_stream_lock(dma->substream);
-	snd_pcm_stop(dma->substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-	snd_pcm_stream_unlock(dma->substream);
+	snd_pcm_stop_xrun(dma->substream);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c b/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
index 3c3241309a30..b2f63e0727de 100644
--- a/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
+++ b/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
@@ -638,9 +638,7 @@ static void snd_atiixp_xrun_dma(struct atiixp_modem *chip,
 	if (! dma->substream || ! dma->running)
 		return;
 	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "XRUN detected (DMA %d)\n", dma->ops->type);
-	snd_pcm_stream_lock(dma->substream);
-	snd_pcm_stop(dma->substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-	snd_pcm_stream_unlock(dma->substream);
+	snd_pcm_stop_xrun(dma->substream);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
index 21ce31f636bc..996369134ea8 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
@@ -48,11 +48,10 @@ static void vortex_fix_latency(struct pci_dev *vortex)
 {
 	int rc;
 	if (!(rc = pci_write_config_byte(vortex, 0x40, 0xff))) {
-			pr_info( CARD_NAME
-			       ": vortex latency is 0xff\n");
+			dev_info(&vortex->dev, "vortex latency is 0xff\n");
 	} else {
-		pr_warn( CARD_NAME
-				": could not set vortex latency: pci error 0x%x\n", rc);
+		dev_warn(&vortex->dev,
+			 "could not set vortex latency: pci error 0x%x\n", rc);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -70,11 +69,10 @@ static void vortex_fix_agp_bridge(struct pci_dev *via)
 	if (!(rc = pci_read_config_byte(via, 0x42, &value))
 			&& ((value & 0x10)
 				|| !(rc = pci_write_config_byte(via, 0x42, value | 0x10)))) {
-		pr_info( CARD_NAME
-				": bridge config is 0x%x\n", value | 0x10);
+		dev_info(&via->dev, "bridge config is 0x%x\n", value | 0x10);
 	} else {
-		pr_warn( CARD_NAME
-				": could not set vortex latency: pci error 0x%x\n", rc);
+		dev_warn(&via->dev,
+			 "could not set vortex latency: pci error 0x%x\n", rc);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -97,7 +95,8 @@ static void snd_vortex_workaround(struct pci_dev *vortex, int fix)
 					PCI_DEVICE_ID_AMD_FE_GATE_7007, NULL);
 		}
 		if (via) {
-			pr_info( CARD_NAME ": Activating latency workaround...\n");
+			dev_info(&vortex->dev,
+				 "Activating latency workaround...\n");
 			vortex_fix_latency(vortex);
 			vortex_fix_agp_bridge(via);
 		}
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ snd_vortex_create(struct snd_card *card, struct pci_dev *pci, vortex_t ** rchip)
 		return err;
 	if (pci_set_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)) < 0 ||
 	    pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)) < 0) {
-		pr_err( "error to set DMA mask\n");
+		dev_err(card->dev, "error to set DMA mask\n");
 		pci_disable_device(pci);
 		return -ENXIO;
 	}
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ snd_vortex_create(struct snd_card *card, struct pci_dev *pci, vortex_t ** rchip)
 
 	chip->mmio = pci_ioremap_bar(pci, 0);
 	if (!chip->mmio) {
-		pr_err( "MMIO area remap failed.\n");
+		dev_err(card->dev, "MMIO area remap failed.\n");
 		err = -ENOMEM;
 		goto ioremap_out;
 	}
@@ -191,14 +190,14 @@ snd_vortex_create(struct snd_card *card, struct pci_dev *pci, vortex_t ** rchip)
 	 * This must be done before we do request_irq otherwise we can get spurious
 	 * interrupts that we do not handle properly and make a mess of things */
 	if ((err = vortex_core_init(chip)) != 0) {
-		pr_err( "hw core init failed\n");
+		dev_err(card->dev, "hw core init failed\n");
 		goto core_out;
 	}
 
 	if ((err = request_irq(pci->irq, vortex_interrupt,
 			       IRQF_SHARED, KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	                       chip)) != 0) {
-		pr_err( "cannot grab irq\n");
+		dev_err(card->dev, "cannot grab irq\n");
 		goto irq_out;
 	}
 	chip->irq = pci->irq;
@@ -315,7 +314,7 @@ snd_vortex_probe(struct pci_dev *pci, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
 	if (snd_seq_device_new(card, 1, SNDRV_SEQ_DEV_ID_VORTEX_SYNTH,
 			       sizeof(snd_vortex_synth_arg_t), &wave) < 0
 	    || wave == NULL) {
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "Can't initialize Aureal wavetable synth\n");
+		dev_err(card->dev, "Can't initialize Aureal wavetable synth\n");
 	} else {
 		snd_vortex_synth_arg_t *arg;
 
@@ -342,11 +341,11 @@ snd_vortex_probe(struct pci_dev *pci, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
 	chip->rev = pci->revision;
 #ifdef CHIP_AU8830
 	if ((chip->rev) != 0xfe && (chip->rev) != 0xfa) {
-		pr_alert(
-		       "vortex: The revision (%x) of your card has not been seen before.\n",
+		dev_alert(card->dev,
+			  "The revision (%x) of your card has not been seen before.\n",
 		       chip->rev);
-		pr_alert(
-		       "vortex: Please email the results of 'lspci -vv' to openvortex-dev@nongnu.org.\n");
+		dev_alert(card->dev,
+			  "Please email the results of 'lspci -vv' to openvortex-dev@nongnu.org.\n");
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		err = -ENODEV;
 		return err;
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.h b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.h
index 466a5c8e8354..3a8fefefea77 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.h
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.h
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ static int vortex_core_init(vortex_t * card);
 static int vortex_core_shutdown(vortex_t * card);
 static void vortex_enable_int(vortex_t * card);
 static irqreturn_t vortex_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id);
-static int vortex_alsafmt_aspfmt(int alsafmt);
+static int vortex_alsafmt_aspfmt(int alsafmt, vortex_t *v);
 
 /* Connection  stuff. */
 static void vortex_connect_default(vortex_t * vortex, int en);
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ static void vortex_mix_setvolumebyte(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char mix,
 static void vortex_Vort3D_enable(vortex_t * v);
 static void vortex_Vort3D_disable(vortex_t * v);
 static void vortex_Vort3D_connect(vortex_t * vortex, int en);
-static void vortex_Vort3D_InitializeSource(a3dsrc_t * a, int en);
+static void vortex_Vort3D_InitializeSource(a3dsrc_t *a, int en, vortex_t *v);
 #endif
 
 /* Driver stuff. */
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_a3d.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_a3d.c
index 30f760e3d2c0..ab0f87312911 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_a3d.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_a3d.c
@@ -484,12 +484,13 @@ static void a3dsrc_ZeroState(a3dsrc_t * a)
 }
 
 /* Reset entire A3D engine */
-static void a3dsrc_ZeroStateA3D(a3dsrc_t * a)
+static void a3dsrc_ZeroStateA3D(a3dsrc_t *a, vortex_t *v)
 {
 	int i, var, var2;
 
 	if ((a->vortex) == NULL) {
-		pr_err( "vortex: ZeroStateA3D: ERROR: a->vortex is NULL\n");
+		dev_err(v->card->dev,
+			"ZeroStateA3D: ERROR: a->vortex is NULL\n");
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -601,7 +602,7 @@ static void vortex_Vort3D_enable(vortex_t *v)
 	Vort3DRend_Initialize(v, XT_HEADPHONE);
 	for (i = 0; i < NR_A3D; i++) {
 		vortex_A3dSourceHw_Initialize(v, i % 4, i >> 2);
-		a3dsrc_ZeroStateA3D(&(v->a3d[0]));
+		a3dsrc_ZeroStateA3D(&v->a3d[0], v);
 	}
 	/* Register ALSA controls */
 	vortex_a3d_register_controls(v);
@@ -628,15 +629,15 @@ static void vortex_Vort3D_connect(vortex_t * v, int en)
 	v->mixxtlk[0] =
 	    vortex_adb_checkinout(v, v->fixed_res, en, VORTEX_RESOURCE_MIXIN);
 	if (v->mixxtlk[0] < 0) {
-		pr_warn
-		    ("vortex: vortex_Vort3D: ERROR: not enough free mixer resources.\n");
+		dev_warn(v->card->dev,
+			 "vortex_Vort3D: ERROR: not enough free mixer resources.\n");
 		return;
 	}
 	v->mixxtlk[1] =
 	    vortex_adb_checkinout(v, v->fixed_res, en, VORTEX_RESOURCE_MIXIN);
 	if (v->mixxtlk[1] < 0) {
-		pr_warn
-		    ("vortex: vortex_Vort3D: ERROR: not enough free mixer resources.\n");
+		dev_warn(v->card->dev,
+			 "vortex_Vort3D: ERROR: not enough free mixer resources.\n");
 		return;
 	}
 #endif
@@ -676,11 +677,11 @@ static void vortex_Vort3D_connect(vortex_t * v, int en)
 }
 
 /* Initialize one single A3D source. */
-static void vortex_Vort3D_InitializeSource(a3dsrc_t * a, int en)
+static void vortex_Vort3D_InitializeSource(a3dsrc_t *a, int en, vortex_t *v)
 {
 	if (a->vortex == NULL) {
-		pr_warn
-		    ("vortex: Vort3D_InitializeSource: A3D source not initialized\n");
+		dev_warn(v->card->dev,
+			 "Vort3D_InitializeSource: A3D source not initialized\n");
 		return;
 	}
 	if (en) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_core.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_core.c
index 72e81286b70e..4667c3232b7f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_core.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_core.c
@@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ vortex_mixer_addWTD(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char mix, unsigned char ch)
 		temp = hwread(vortex->mmio, prev);
 		//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: mixAddWTD: while addr=%x, val=%x\n", prev, temp);
 		if ((++lifeboat) > 0xf) {
-			pr_err(
-			       "vortex_mixer_addWTD: lifeboat overflow\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+				"vortex_mixer_addWTD: lifeboat overflow\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ vortex_mixer_delWTD(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char mix, unsigned char ch)
 
 	eax = hwread(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_MIXER_SR);
 	if (((1 << ch) & eax) == 0) {
-		pr_err( "mix ALARM %x\n", eax);
+		dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "mix ALARM %x\n", eax);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	ebp = VORTEX_MIXER_CHNBASE + (ch << 2);
@@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ vortex_mixer_delWTD(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char mix, unsigned char ch)
 			//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: mixdelWTD: 1 addr=%x, val=%x, src=%x\n", ebx, edx, src);
 			while ((edx & 0xf) != mix) {
 				if ((esi) > 0xf) {
-					pr_err(
-					       "vortex: mixdelWTD: error lifeboat overflow\n");
+					dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+						"mixdelWTD: error lifeboat overflow\n");
 					return 0;
 				}
 				esp14 = ebx;
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ vortex_src_persist_convratio(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char src, int ratio)
 		hwwrite(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_SRC_CONVRATIO + (src << 2), ratio);
 		temp = hwread(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_SRC_CONVRATIO + (src << 2));
 		if ((++lifeboat) > 0x9) {
-			pr_err( "Vortex: Src cvr fail\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "Src cvr fail\n");
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -684,8 +684,8 @@ vortex_src_addWTD(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char src, unsigned char ch)
 		temp = hwread(vortex->mmio, prev);
 		//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: srcAddWTD: while addr=%x, val=%x\n", prev, temp);
 		if ((++lifeboat) > 0xf) {
-			pr_err(
-			       "vortex_src_addWTD: lifeboat overflow\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+				"vortex_src_addWTD: lifeboat overflow\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ vortex_src_delWTD(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char src, unsigned char ch)
 
 	eax = hwread(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_SRCBLOCK_SR);
 	if (((1 << ch) & eax) == 0) {
-		pr_err( "src alarm\n");
+		dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "src alarm\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
 	ebp = VORTEX_SRC_CHNBASE + (ch << 2);
@@ -724,8 +724,8 @@ vortex_src_delWTD(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char src, unsigned char ch)
 			//printk(KERN_INFO "vortex: srcdelWTD: 1 addr=%x, val=%x, src=%x\n", ebx, edx, src);
 			while ((edx & 0xf) != src) {
 				if ((esi) > 0xf) {
-					pr_warn
-					    ("vortex: srcdelWTD: error, lifeboat overflow\n");
+					dev_warn(vortex->card->dev,
+						 "srcdelWTD: error, lifeboat overflow\n");
 					return 0;
 				}
 				esp14 = ebx;
@@ -819,8 +819,8 @@ vortex_fifo_setadbctrl(vortex_t * vortex, int fifo, int stereo, int priority,
 	do {
 		temp = hwread(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_FIFO_ADBCTRL + (fifo << 2));
 		if (lifeboat++ > 0xbb8) {
-			pr_err(
-			       "Vortex: vortex_fifo_setadbctrl fail\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+				"vortex_fifo_setadbctrl fail\n");
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -915,7 +915,8 @@ vortex_fifo_setwtctrl(vortex_t * vortex, int fifo, int ctrl, int priority,
 	do {
 		temp = hwread(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_FIFO_WTCTRL + (fifo << 2));
 		if (lifeboat++ > 0xbb8) {
-			pr_err( "Vortex: vortex_fifo_setwtctrl fail\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+				"vortex_fifo_setwtctrl fail\n");
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1042,7 +1043,7 @@ static void vortex_fifo_init(vortex_t * vortex)
 	for (x = NR_ADB - 1; x >= 0; x--) {
 		hwwrite(vortex->mmio, addr, (FIFO_U0 | FIFO_U1));
 		if (hwread(vortex->mmio, addr) != (FIFO_U0 | FIFO_U1))
-			pr_err( "bad adb fifo reset!");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "bad adb fifo reset!");
 		vortex_fifo_clearadbdata(vortex, x, FIFO_SIZE);
 		addr -= 4;
 	}
@@ -1053,9 +1054,9 @@ static void vortex_fifo_init(vortex_t * vortex)
 	for (x = NR_WT - 1; x >= 0; x--) {
 		hwwrite(vortex->mmio, addr, FIFO_U0);
 		if (hwread(vortex->mmio, addr) != FIFO_U0)
-			pr_err(
-			       "bad wt fifo reset (0x%08x, 0x%08x)!\n",
-			       addr, hwread(vortex->mmio, addr));
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+				"bad wt fifo reset (0x%08x, 0x%08x)!\n",
+				addr, hwread(vortex->mmio, addr));
 		vortex_fifo_clearwtdata(vortex, x, FIFO_SIZE);
 		addr -= 4;
 	}
@@ -1213,8 +1214,9 @@ static int vortex_adbdma_bufshift(vortex_t * vortex, int adbdma)
 	if (dma->period_virt >= dma->nr_periods)
 		dma->period_virt -= dma->nr_periods;
 	if (delta != 1)
-		pr_info( "vortex: %d virt=%d, real=%d, delta=%d\n",
-		       adbdma, dma->period_virt, dma->period_real, delta);
+		dev_info(vortex->card->dev,
+			 "%d virt=%d, real=%d, delta=%d\n",
+			 adbdma, dma->period_virt, dma->period_real, delta);
 
 	return delta;
 }
@@ -1482,8 +1484,8 @@ static int vortex_wtdma_bufshift(vortex_t * vortex, int wtdma)
 	dma->period_real = page;
 
 	if (delta != 1)
-		pr_warn( "vortex: wt virt = %d, delta = %d\n",
-		       dma->period_virt, delta);
+		dev_warn(vortex->card->dev, "wt virt = %d, delta = %d\n",
+			 dma->period_virt, delta);
 
 	return delta;
 }
@@ -1667,9 +1669,9 @@ vortex_adb_addroutes(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char channel,
 		    hwread(vortex->mmio,
 			   VORTEX_ADB_RTBASE + (temp << 2)) & ADB_MASK;
 		if ((lifeboat++) > ADB_MASK) {
-			pr_err(
-			       "vortex_adb_addroutes: unending route! 0x%x\n",
-			       *route);
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+				"vortex_adb_addroutes: unending route! 0x%x\n",
+				*route);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1703,9 +1705,9 @@ vortex_adb_delroutes(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char channel,
 		    hwread(vortex->mmio,
 			   VORTEX_ADB_RTBASE + (prev << 2)) & ADB_MASK;
 		if (((lifeboat++) > ADB_MASK) || (temp == ADB_MASK)) {
-			pr_err(
-			       "vortex_adb_delroutes: route not found! 0x%x\n",
-			       route0);
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+				"vortex_adb_delroutes: route not found! 0x%x\n",
+				route0);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -2045,7 +2047,9 @@ vortex_adb_checkinout(vortex_t * vortex, int resmap[], int out, int restype)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	pr_err( "vortex: FATAL: ResManager: resource type %d exhausted.\n", restype);
+	dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+		"FATAL: ResManager: resource type %d exhausted.\n",
+		restype);
 	return -ENOMEM;
 }
 
@@ -2173,11 +2177,13 @@ vortex_adb_allocroute(vortex_t *vortex, int dma, int nr_ch, int dir,
 				memset(stream->resources, 0,
 				       sizeof(unsigned char) *
 				       VORTEX_RESOURCE_LAST);
-				pr_err( "vortex: out of A3D sources. Sorry\n");
+				dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+					"out of A3D sources. Sorry\n");
 				return -EBUSY;
 			}
 			/* (De)Initialize A3D hardware source. */
-			vortex_Vort3D_InitializeSource(&(vortex->a3d[a3d]), en);
+			vortex_Vort3D_InitializeSource(&vortex->a3d[a3d], en,
+						       vortex);
 		}
 		/* Make SPDIF out exclusive to "spdif" device when in use. */
 		if ((stream->type == VORTEX_PCM_SPDIF) && (en)) {
@@ -2421,7 +2427,7 @@ static irqreturn_t vortex_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
 	hwread(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_IRQ_SOURCE);
 	// Is at least one IRQ flag set?
 	if (source == 0) {
-		pr_err( "vortex: missing irq source\n");
+		dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "missing irq source\n");
 		return IRQ_NONE;
 	}
 
@@ -2429,19 +2435,19 @@ static irqreturn_t vortex_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
 	// Attend every interrupt source.
 	if (unlikely(source & IRQ_ERR_MASK)) {
 		if (source & IRQ_FATAL) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: IRQ fatal error\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "IRQ fatal error\n");
 		}
 		if (source & IRQ_PARITY) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: IRQ parity error\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "IRQ parity error\n");
 		}
 		if (source & IRQ_REG) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: IRQ reg error\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "IRQ reg error\n");
 		}
 		if (source & IRQ_FIFO) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: IRQ fifo error\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "IRQ fifo error\n");
 		}
 		if (source & IRQ_DMA) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: IRQ dma error\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "IRQ dma error\n");
 		}
 		handled = 1;
 	}
@@ -2489,7 +2495,7 @@ static irqreturn_t vortex_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
 	}
 
 	if (!handled) {
-		pr_err( "vortex: unknown irq source %x\n", source);
+		dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "unknown irq source %x\n", source);
 	}
 	return IRQ_RETVAL(handled);
 }
@@ -2546,7 +2552,7 @@ vortex_codec_write(struct snd_ac97 * codec, unsigned short addr, unsigned short
 	while (!(hwread(card->mmio, VORTEX_CODEC_CTRL) & 0x100)) {
 		udelay(100);
 		if (lifeboat++ > POLL_COUNT) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: ac97 codec stuck busy\n");
+			dev_err(card->card->dev, "ac97 codec stuck busy\n");
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -2572,7 +2578,7 @@ static unsigned short vortex_codec_read(struct snd_ac97 * codec, unsigned short
 	while (!(hwread(card->mmio, VORTEX_CODEC_CTRL) & 0x100)) {
 		udelay(100);
 		if (lifeboat++ > POLL_COUNT) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: ac97 codec stuck busy\n");
+			dev_err(card->card->dev, "ac97 codec stuck busy\n");
 			return 0xffff;
 		}
 	}
@@ -2586,7 +2592,8 @@ static unsigned short vortex_codec_read(struct snd_ac97 * codec, unsigned short
 		udelay(100);
 		data = hwread(card->mmio, VORTEX_CODEC_IO);
 		if (lifeboat++ > POLL_COUNT) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: ac97 address never arrived\n");
+			dev_err(card->card->dev,
+				"ac97 address never arrived\n");
 			return 0xffff;
 		}
 	} while ((data & VORTEX_CODEC_ADDMASK) !=
@@ -2683,7 +2690,7 @@ static void vortex_spdif_init(vortex_t * vortex, int spdif_sr, int spdif_mode)
 static int vortex_core_init(vortex_t *vortex)
 {
 
-	pr_info( "Vortex: init.... ");
+	dev_info(vortex->card->dev, "init started\n");
 	/* Hardware Init. */
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_CTRL, 0xffffffff);
 	msleep(5);
@@ -2728,7 +2735,7 @@ static int vortex_core_init(vortex_t *vortex)
 	//vortex_enable_timer_int(vortex);
 	//vortex_disable_timer_int(vortex);
 
-	pr_info( "done.\n");
+	dev_info(vortex->card->dev, "init.... done.\n");
 	spin_lock_init(&vortex->lock);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -2737,7 +2744,7 @@ static int vortex_core_init(vortex_t *vortex)
 static int vortex_core_shutdown(vortex_t * vortex)
 {
 
-	pr_info( "Vortex: shutdown...");
+	dev_info(vortex->card->dev, "shutdown started\n");
 #ifndef CHIP_AU8820
 	vortex_eq_free(vortex);
 	vortex_Vort3D_disable(vortex);
@@ -2759,13 +2766,13 @@ static int vortex_core_shutdown(vortex_t * vortex)
 	msleep(5);
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_IRQ_SOURCE, 0xffff);
 
-	pr_info( "done.\n");
+	dev_info(vortex->card->dev, "shutdown.... done.\n");
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /* Alsa support. */
 
-static int vortex_alsafmt_aspfmt(int alsafmt)
+static int vortex_alsafmt_aspfmt(int alsafmt, vortex_t *v)
 {
 	int fmt;
 
@@ -2793,7 +2800,8 @@ static int vortex_alsafmt_aspfmt(int alsafmt)
 		break;
 	default:
 		fmt = 0x8;
-		pr_err( "vortex: format unsupported %d\n", alsafmt);
+		dev_err(v->card->dev,
+			"format unsupported %d\n", alsafmt);
 		break;
 	}
 	return fmt;
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_eq.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_eq.c
index 9404ba73eaf6..9585c5c63b96 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_eq.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_eq.c
@@ -845,7 +845,8 @@ snd_vortex_peaks_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *u
 
 	vortex_Eqlzr_GetAllPeaks(vortex, peaks, &count);
 	if (count != 20) {
-		pr_err( "vortex: peak count error 20 != %d \n", count);
+		dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+			"peak count error 20 != %d\n", count);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_game.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_game.c
index 72daf6cf8169..151815b857a0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_game.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_game.c
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ static int vortex_gameport_register(vortex_t *vortex)
 
 	vortex->gameport = gp = gameport_allocate_port();
 	if (!gp) {
-		pr_err( "vortex: cannot allocate memory for gameport\n");
+		dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+			"cannot allocate memory for gameport\n");
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_mpu401.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_mpu401.c
index 328c1943c0c3..1025e55ca854 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_mpu401.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_mpu401.c
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ static int snd_vortex_midi(vortex_t *vortex)
 	/* Check if anything is OK. */
 	temp = hwread(vortex->mmio, VORTEX_MIDI_DATA);
 	if (temp != MPU401_ACK /*0xfe */ ) {
-		pr_err( "midi port doesn't acknowledge!\n");
+		dev_err(vortex->card->dev, "midi port doesn't acknowledge!\n");
 		return -ENODEV;
 	}
 	/* Enable MPU401 interrupts. */
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_pcm.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_pcm.c
index 5adc6b92ffab..a6d6d8d0867a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_pcm.c
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ snd_vortex_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	err =
 	    snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream, params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_err( "Vortex: pcm page alloc failed!\n");
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "Vortex: pcm page alloc failed!\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 	/*
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ static int snd_vortex_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 		dir = 1;
 	else
 		dir = 0;
-	fmt = vortex_alsafmt_aspfmt(runtime->format);
+	fmt = vortex_alsafmt_aspfmt(runtime->format, chip);
 	spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
 	if (VORTEX_PCM_TYPE(substream->pcm) != VORTEX_PCM_WT) {
 		vortex_adbdma_setmode(chip, dma, 1, dir, fmt,
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ static int snd_vortex_pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
 		}
 #ifndef CHIP_AU8810
 		else {
-			pr_info( "vortex: wt start %d\n", dma);
+			dev_info(chip->card->dev, "wt start %d\n", dma);
 			vortex_wtdma_startfifo(chip, dma);
 		}
 #endif
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ static int snd_vortex_pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
 			vortex_adbdma_stopfifo(chip, dma);
 #ifndef CHIP_AU8810
 		else {
-			pr_info( "vortex: wt stop %d\n", dma);
+			dev_info(chip->card->dev, "wt stop %d\n", dma);
 			vortex_wtdma_stopfifo(chip, dma);
 		}
 #endif
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_synth.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_synth.c
index f094bac24291..78e12f4796f3 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_synth.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0_synth.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ static int vortex_wt_allocroute(vortex_t * vortex, int wt, int nr_ch)
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_PARM(wt, 2), 0);
 
 	temp = hwread(vortex->mmio, WT_PARM(wt, 3));
-	pr_debug( "vortex: WT PARM3: %x\n", temp);
+	dev_dbg(vortex->card->dev, "WT PARM3: %x\n", temp);
 	//hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_PARM(wt, 3), temp);
 
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_DELAY(wt, 0), 0);
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ static int vortex_wt_allocroute(vortex_t * vortex, int wt, int nr_ch)
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_DELAY(wt, 2), 0);
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_DELAY(wt, 3), 0);
 
-	pr_debug( "vortex: WT GMODE: %x\n", hwread(vortex->mmio, WT_GMODE(wt)));
+	dev_dbg(vortex->card->dev, "WT GMODE: %x\n",
+		hwread(vortex->mmio, WT_GMODE(wt)));
 
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_PARM(wt, 2), 0xffffffff);
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_PARM(wt, 3), 0xcff1c810);
@@ -106,7 +107,8 @@ static int vortex_wt_allocroute(vortex_t * vortex, int wt, int nr_ch)
 	voice->parm0 = voice->parm1 = 0xcfb23e2f;
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_PARM(wt, 0), voice->parm0);
 	hwwrite(vortex->mmio, WT_PARM(wt, 1), voice->parm1);
-	pr_debug( "vortex: WT GMODE 2 : %x\n", hwread(vortex->mmio, WT_GMODE(wt)));
+	dev_dbg(vortex->card->dev, "WT GMODE 2 : %x\n",
+		hwread(vortex->mmio, WT_GMODE(wt)));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -196,14 +198,15 @@ vortex_wt_SetReg(vortex_t * vortex, unsigned char reg, int wt,
 
 	if ((reg == 5) || ((reg >= 7) && (reg <= 10)) || (reg == 0xc)) {
 		if (wt >= (NR_WT / NR_WT_PB)) {
-			pr_warn
-			    ("vortex: WT SetReg: bank out of range. reg=0x%x, wt=%d\n",
-			     reg, wt);
+			dev_warn(vortex->card->dev,
+				 "WT SetReg: bank out of range. reg=0x%x, wt=%d\n",
+				 reg, wt);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	} else {
 		if (wt >= NR_WT) {
-			pr_err( "vortex: WT SetReg: voice out of range\n");
+			dev_err(vortex->card->dev,
+				"WT SetReg: voice out of range\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c b/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
index 3878cf5de9a4..e1cf01949fda 100644
--- a/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
+++ b/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
@@ -725,19 +725,10 @@ static int snd_aw2_new_pcm(struct aw2 *chip)
 static int snd_aw2_control_switch_capture_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[2] = {
+	static const char * const texts[2] = {
 		"Analog", "Digital"
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-		    uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_aw2_control_switch_capture_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/azt3328.c b/sound/pci/azt3328.c
index 5a69e26cb2fb..fdbb9c05c77b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/azt3328.c
+++ b/sound/pci/azt3328.c
@@ -1034,11 +1034,6 @@ snd_azf3328_info_mixer_enum(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	const char * const *p = NULL;
 
 	snd_azf3328_mixer_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
-        uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-        uinfo->count = (reg.reg == IDX_MIXER_REC_SELECT) ? 2 : 1;
-        uinfo->value.enumerated.items = reg.enum_c;
-        if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > reg.enum_c - 1U)
-                uinfo->value.enumerated.item = reg.enum_c - 1U;
 	if (reg.reg == IDX_MIXER_ADVCTL2) {
 		switch(reg.lchan_shift) {
 		case 8: /* modem out sel */
@@ -1051,12 +1046,12 @@ snd_azf3328_info_mixer_enum(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			p = texts4;
 			break;
 		}
-	} else
-	if (reg.reg == IDX_MIXER_REC_SELECT)
+	} else if (reg.reg == IDX_MIXER_REC_SELECT)
 		p = texts3;
 
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, p[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-        return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo,
+				 (reg.reg == IDX_MIXER_REC_SELECT) ? 2 : 1,
+				 reg.enum_c, p);
 }
 
 static int
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_mixer.c b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_mixer.c
index 27de0de90018..68c0eb0a2807 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_mixer.c
@@ -185,17 +185,11 @@ static int snd_ca0106_shared_spdif_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_ca0106_capture_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[6] = {
+	static const char * const texts[6] = {
 		"IEC958 out", "i2s mixer out", "IEC958 in", "i2s in", "AC97 in", "SRC out"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 6;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 5)
-                uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 5;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 6, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ca0106_capture_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -228,17 +222,11 @@ static int snd_ca0106_capture_source_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_ca0106_i2c_capture_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[6] = {
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
 		"Phone", "Mic", "Line in", "Aux"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3)
-                uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ca0106_i2c_capture_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -273,29 +261,17 @@ static int snd_ca0106_i2c_capture_source_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_ca0106_capture_line_in_side_out_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[2] = { "Side out", "Line in" };
+	static const char * const texts[2] = { "Side out", "Line in" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-                uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ca0106_capture_mic_line_in_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[2] = { "Line in", "Mic in" };
+	static const char * const texts[2] = { "Line in", "Mic in" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-                uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ca0106_capture_mic_line_in_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/ctxfi/ctatc.c b/sound/pci/ctxfi/ctatc.c
index 454659074390..977a59855fa6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ctxfi/ctatc.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ctxfi/ctatc.c
@@ -438,7 +438,9 @@ atc_pcm_playback_position(struct ct_atc *atc, struct ct_atc_pcm *apcm)
 	position = src->ops->get_ca(src);
 
 	if (position < apcm->vm_block->addr) {
-		snd_printdd("ctxfi: bad ca - ca=0x%08x, vba=0x%08x, vbs=0x%08x\n", position, apcm->vm_block->addr, apcm->vm_block->size);
+		dev_dbg(atc->card->dev,
+			"bad ca - ca=0x%08x, vba=0x%08x, vbs=0x%08x\n",
+			position, apcm->vm_block->addr, apcm->vm_block->size);
 		position = apcm->vm_block->addr;
 	}
 
@@ -1145,7 +1147,6 @@ static int atc_release_resources(struct ct_atc *atc)
 	int i;
 	struct daio_mgr *daio_mgr = NULL;
 	struct dao *dao = NULL;
-	struct dai *dai = NULL;
 	struct daio *daio = NULL;
 	struct sum_mgr *sum_mgr = NULL;
 	struct src_mgr *src_mgr = NULL;
@@ -1172,9 +1173,6 @@ static int atc_release_resources(struct ct_atc *atc)
 				dao = container_of(daio, struct dao, daio);
 				dao->ops->clear_left_input(dao);
 				dao->ops->clear_right_input(dao);
-			} else {
-				dai = container_of(daio, struct dai, daio);
-				/* some thing to do for dai ... */
 			}
 			daio_mgr->put_daio(daio_mgr, daio);
 		}
@@ -1299,7 +1297,7 @@ static int atc_identify_card(struct ct_atc *atc, unsigned int ssid)
 			atc->model = CT20K2_UNKNOWN;
 	}
 	atc->model_name = ct_subsys_name[atc->model];
-	snd_printd("ctxfi: chip %s model %s (%04x:%04x) is found\n",
+	dev_info(atc->card->dev, "chip %s model %s (%04x:%04x) is found\n",
 		   atc->chip_name, atc->model_name,
 		   vendor_id, device_id);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/pci/ctxfi/ctdaio.c b/sound/pci/ctxfi/ctdaio.c
index c1c3f8816fff..9b87dd28de83 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ctxfi/ctdaio.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ctxfi/ctdaio.c
@@ -528,8 +528,6 @@ static int get_daio_rsc(struct daio_mgr *mgr,
 			struct daio **rdaio)
 {
 	int err;
-	struct dai *dai = NULL;
-	struct dao *dao = NULL;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	*rdaio = NULL;
@@ -544,27 +542,30 @@ static int get_daio_rsc(struct daio_mgr *mgr,
 		return err;
 	}
 
+	err = -ENOMEM;
 	/* Allocate mem for daio resource */
 	if (desc->type <= DAIO_OUT_MAX) {
-		dao = kzalloc(sizeof(*dao), GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!dao) {
-			err = -ENOMEM;
+		struct dao *dao = kzalloc(sizeof(*dao), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!dao)
 			goto error;
-		}
+
 		err = dao_rsc_init(dao, desc, mgr);
-		if (err)
+		if (err) {
+			kfree(dao);
 			goto error;
+		}
 
 		*rdaio = &dao->daio;
 	} else {
-		dai = kzalloc(sizeof(*dai), GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!dai) {
-			err = -ENOMEM;
+		struct dai *dai = kzalloc(sizeof(*dai), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!dai)
 			goto error;
-		}
+
 		err = dai_rsc_init(dai, desc, mgr);
-		if (err)
+		if (err) {
+			kfree(dai);
 			goto error;
+		}
 
 		*rdaio = &dai->daio;
 	}
@@ -575,11 +576,6 @@ static int get_daio_rsc(struct daio_mgr *mgr,
 	return 0;
 
 error:
-	if (dao)
-		kfree(dao);
-	else if (dai)
-		kfree(dai);
-
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&mgr->mgr_lock, flags);
 	daio_mgr_put_rsc(&mgr->mgr, desc->type);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mgr->mgr_lock, flags);
diff --git a/sound/pci/ctxfi/cttimer.c b/sound/pci/ctxfi/cttimer.c
index 03fb909085af..a5d460453d7b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ctxfi/cttimer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ctxfi/cttimer.c
@@ -421,12 +421,12 @@ struct ct_timer *ct_timer_new(struct ct_atc *atc)
 	atimer->atc = atc;
 	hw = atc->hw;
 	if (!use_system_timer && hw->set_timer_irq) {
-		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "ctxfi: Use xfi-native timer\n");
+		dev_info(atc->card->dev, "Use xfi-native timer\n");
 		atimer->ops = &ct_xfitimer_ops;
 		hw->irq_callback_data = atimer;
 		hw->irq_callback = ct_timer_interrupt;
 	} else {
-		snd_printd(KERN_INFO "ctxfi: Use system timer\n");
+		dev_info(atc->card->dev, "Use system timer\n");
 		atimer->ops = &ct_systimer_ops;
 	}
 	return atimer;
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/darla20_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/darla20_dsp.c
index 20c7cbc89bb3..febee5bda877 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/darla20_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/darla20_dsp.c
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Darla20\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != DARLA20))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw: could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/darla24_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/darla24_dsp.c
index 6da6663e9176..7b4f6fd51b09 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/darla24_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/darla24_dsp.c
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Darla24\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != DARLA24))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw: could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -128,15 +127,17 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 		clock = GD24_8000;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: Error, invalid sample rate %d\n",
-			rate));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"set_sample_rate: Error, invalid sample rate %d\n",
+			rate);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	if (wait_handshake(chip))
 		return -EIO;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, clock));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, clock);
 	chip->sample_rate = rate;
 
 	/* Override the sample rate if this card is set to Echo sync. */
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echo3g_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echo3g_dsp.c
index 3cdc2ee2d1dd..ae11ce11b1c2 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echo3g_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echo3g_dsp.c
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 	int err;
 
 	local_irq_enable();
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Echo3G\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != ECHO3G))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 				ECHOCAPS_HAS_DIGITAL_MODE_SPDIF_OPTICAL |
 				ECHOCAPS_HAS_DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
index 631aaa4046ad..21228adaa70c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
@@ -48,13 +48,16 @@ static int get_firmware(const struct firmware **fw_entry,
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
 	if (chip->fw_cache[fw_index]) {
-		DE_ACT(("firmware requested: %s is cached\n", card_fw[fw_index].data));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+			"firmware requested: %s is cached\n",
+			card_fw[fw_index].data);
 		*fw_entry = chip->fw_cache[fw_index];
 		return 0;
 	}
 #endif
 
-	DE_ACT(("firmware requested: %s\n", card_fw[fw_index].data));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"firmware requested: %s\n", card_fw[fw_index].data);
 	snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "ea/%s", card_fw[fw_index].data);
 	err = request_firmware(fw_entry, name, pci_device(chip));
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -69,13 +72,13 @@ static int get_firmware(const struct firmware **fw_entry,
 
 
 
-static void free_firmware(const struct firmware *fw_entry)
+static void free_firmware(const struct firmware *fw_entry,
+			  struct echoaudio *chip)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
-	DE_ACT(("firmware not released (kept in cache)\n"));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "firmware not released (kept in cache)\n");
 #else
 	release_firmware(fw_entry);
-	DE_ACT(("firmware released\n"));
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -89,10 +92,9 @@ static void free_firmware_cache(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	for (i = 0; i < 8 ; i++)
 		if (chip->fw_cache[i]) {
 			release_firmware(chip->fw_cache[i]);
-			DE_ACT(("release_firmware(%d)\n", i));
+			dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "release_firmware(%d)\n", i);
 		}
 
-	DE_ACT(("firmware_cache released\n"));
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -286,7 +288,7 @@ static int pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 
 	/* Set up hw capabilities and contraints */
 	memcpy(&pipe->hw, &pcm_hardware_skel, sizeof(struct snd_pcm_hardware));
-	DE_HWP(("max_channels=%d\n", max_channels));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "max_channels=%d\n", max_channels);
 	pipe->constr.list = channels_list;
 	pipe->constr.mask = 0;
 	for (i = 0; channels_list[i] <= max_channels; i++);
@@ -336,7 +338,7 @@ static int pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	if ((err = snd_dma_alloc_pages(SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
 				       snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci),
 				       PAGE_SIZE, &pipe->sgpage)) < 0) {
-		DE_HWP(("s-g list allocation failed\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "s-g list allocation failed\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -350,7 +352,6 @@ static int pcm_analog_in_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	struct echoaudio *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 	int err;
 
-	DE_ACT(("pcm_analog_in_open\n"));
 	if ((err = pcm_open(substream, num_analog_busses_in(chip) -
 			    substream->number)) < 0)
 		return err;
@@ -367,9 +368,9 @@ static int pcm_analog_in_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	atomic_inc(&chip->opencount);
 	if (atomic_read(&chip->opencount) > 1 && chip->rate_set)
 		chip->can_set_rate=0;
-	DE_HWP(("pcm_analog_in_open  cs=%d  oc=%d  r=%d\n",
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "pcm_analog_in_open  cs=%d  oc=%d  r=%d\n",
 		chip->can_set_rate, atomic_read(&chip->opencount),
-		chip->sample_rate));
+		chip->sample_rate);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -385,7 +386,6 @@ static int pcm_analog_out_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 #else
 	max_channels = num_analog_busses_out(chip);
 #endif
-	DE_ACT(("pcm_analog_out_open\n"));
 	if ((err = pcm_open(substream, max_channels - substream->number)) < 0)
 		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(substream->runtime, 0,
@@ -403,9 +403,9 @@ static int pcm_analog_out_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	atomic_inc(&chip->opencount);
 	if (atomic_read(&chip->opencount) > 1 && chip->rate_set)
 		chip->can_set_rate=0;
-	DE_HWP(("pcm_analog_out_open  cs=%d  oc=%d  r=%d\n",
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "pcm_analog_out_open  cs=%d  oc=%d  r=%d\n",
 		chip->can_set_rate, atomic_read(&chip->opencount),
-		chip->sample_rate));
+		chip->sample_rate);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -418,7 +418,6 @@ static int pcm_digital_in_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	struct echoaudio *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 	int err, max_channels;
 
-	DE_ACT(("pcm_digital_in_open\n"));
 	max_channels = num_digital_busses_in(chip) - substream->number;
 	mutex_lock(&chip->mode_mutex);
 	if (chip->digital_mode == DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT)
@@ -460,7 +459,6 @@ static int pcm_digital_out_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	struct echoaudio *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 	int err, max_channels;
 
-	DE_ACT(("pcm_digital_out_open\n"));
 	max_channels = num_digital_busses_out(chip) - substream->number;
 	mutex_lock(&chip->mode_mutex);
 	if (chip->digital_mode == DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT)
@@ -507,18 +505,17 @@ static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	/* Nothing to do here. Audio is already off and pipe will be
 	 * freed by its callback
 	 */
-	DE_ACT(("pcm_close\n"));
 
 	atomic_dec(&chip->opencount);
 	oc = atomic_read(&chip->opencount);
-	DE_ACT(("pcm_close  oc=%d  cs=%d  rs=%d\n", oc,
-		chip->can_set_rate, chip->rate_set));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "pcm_close  oc=%d  cs=%d  rs=%d\n", oc,
+		chip->can_set_rate, chip->rate_set);
 	if (oc < 2)
 		chip->can_set_rate = 1;
 	if (oc == 0)
 		chip->rate_set = 0;
-	DE_ACT(("pcm_close2 oc=%d  cs=%d  rs=%d\n", oc,
-		chip->can_set_rate,chip->rate_set));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "pcm_close2 oc=%d  cs=%d  rs=%d\n", oc,
+		chip->can_set_rate, chip->rate_set);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -542,7 +539,7 @@ static int init_engine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	 */
 	spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
 	if (pipe->index >= 0) {
-		DE_HWP(("hwp_ie free(%d)\n", pipe->index));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "hwp_ie free(%d)\n", pipe->index);
 		err = free_pipes(chip, pipe);
 		snd_BUG_ON(err);
 		chip->substream[pipe->index] = NULL;
@@ -551,16 +548,17 @@ static int init_engine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	err = allocate_pipes(chip, pipe, pipe_index, interleave);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
-		DE_ACT((KERN_NOTICE "allocate_pipes(%d) err=%d\n",
-			pipe_index, err));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "allocate_pipes(%d) err=%d\n",
+			pipe_index, err);
 		return err;
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
-	DE_ACT((KERN_NOTICE "allocate_pipes()=%d\n", pipe_index));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "allocate_pipes()=%d\n", pipe_index);
 
-	DE_HWP(("pcm_hw_params (bufsize=%dB periods=%d persize=%dB)\n",
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"pcm_hw_params (bufsize=%dB periods=%d persize=%dB)\n",
 		params_buffer_bytes(hw_params), params_periods(hw_params),
-		params_period_bytes(hw_params)));
+		params_period_bytes(hw_params));
 	err = snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream,
 				       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
 	if (err < 0) {
@@ -615,7 +613,6 @@ static int init_engine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 	spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
 	set_sample_rate(chip, hw_params->rate_num / hw_params->rate_den);
 	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
-	DE_HWP(("pcm_hw_params ok\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -679,14 +676,13 @@ static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 
 	spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
 	if (pipe->index >= 0) {
-		DE_HWP(("pcm_hw_free(%d)\n", pipe->index));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "pcm_hw_free(%d)\n", pipe->index);
 		free_pipes(chip, pipe);
 		chip->substream[pipe->index] = NULL;
 		pipe->index = -1;
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
 
-	DE_HWP(("pcm_hw_freed\n"));
 	snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -700,8 +696,8 @@ static int pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	struct audioformat format;
 	int pipe_index = ((struct audiopipe *)runtime->private_data)->index;
 
-	DE_HWP(("Prepare rate=%d format=%d channels=%d\n",
-		runtime->rate, runtime->format, runtime->channels));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Prepare rate=%d format=%d channels=%d\n",
+		runtime->rate, runtime->format, runtime->channels);
 	format.interleave = runtime->channels;
 	format.data_are_bigendian = 0;
 	format.mono_to_stereo = 0;
@@ -721,8 +717,9 @@ static int pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 		format.bits_per_sample = 32;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_HWP(("Prepare error: unsupported format %d\n",
-			runtime->format));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Prepare error: unsupported format %d\n",
+			runtime->format);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -757,10 +754,8 @@ static int pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
 	spin_lock(&chip->lock);
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
-		DE_ACT(("pcm_trigger resume\n"));
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
-		DE_ACT(("pcm_trigger start\n"));
 		for (i = 0; i < DSP_MAXPIPES; i++) {
 			if (channelmask & (1 << i)) {
 				pipe = chip->substream[i]->runtime->private_data;
@@ -782,9 +777,7 @@ static int pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
 				      chip->pipe_cyclic_mask);
 		break;
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
-		DE_ACT(("pcm_trigger suspend\n"));
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		DE_ACT(("pcm_trigger stop\n"));
 		for (i = 0; i < DSP_MAXPIPES; i++) {
 			if (channelmask & (1 << i)) {
 				pipe = chip->substream[i]->runtime->private_data;
@@ -794,7 +787,6 @@ static int pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
 		err = stop_transport(chip, channelmask);
 		break;
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
-		DE_ACT(("pcm_trigger pause\n"));
 		for (i = 0; i < DSP_MAXPIPES; i++) {
 			if (channelmask & (1 << i)) {
 				pipe = chip->substream[i]->runtime->private_data;
@@ -931,7 +923,6 @@ static int snd_echo_new_pcm(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &analog_capture_ops);
 	if ((err = snd_echo_preallocate_pages(pcm, snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci))) < 0)
 		return err;
-	DE_INIT(("Analog PCM ok\n"));
 
 #ifdef ECHOCARD_HAS_DIGITAL_IO
 	/* PCM#1 Digital inputs, no outputs */
@@ -944,7 +935,6 @@ static int snd_echo_new_pcm(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &digital_capture_ops);
 	if ((err = snd_echo_preallocate_pages(pcm, snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci))) < 0)
 		return err;
-	DE_INIT(("Digital PCM ok\n"));
 #endif /* ECHOCARD_HAS_DIGITAL_IO */
 
 #else /* ECHOCARD_HAS_VMIXER */
@@ -966,7 +956,6 @@ static int snd_echo_new_pcm(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &analog_capture_ops);
 	if ((err = snd_echo_preallocate_pages(pcm, snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci))) < 0)
 		return err;
-	DE_INIT(("Analog PCM ok\n"));
 
 #ifdef ECHOCARD_HAS_DIGITAL_IO
 	/* PCM#1 Digital i/o */
@@ -981,7 +970,6 @@ static int snd_echo_new_pcm(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &digital_capture_ops);
 	if ((err = snd_echo_preallocate_pages(pcm, snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci))) < 0)
 		return err;
-	DE_INIT(("Digital PCM ok\n"));
 #endif /* ECHOCARD_HAS_DIGITAL_IO */
 
 #endif /* ECHOCARD_HAS_VMIXER */
@@ -1416,21 +1404,14 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_echo_vmixer = {
 static int snd_echo_digital_mode_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				      struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *names[4] = {
+	static const char * const names[4] = {
 		"S/PDIF Coaxial", "S/PDIF Optical", "ADAT Optical",
 		"S/PDIF Cdrom"
 	};
 	struct echoaudio *chip;
 
 	chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = chip->num_digital_modes;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= chip->num_digital_modes)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = chip->num_digital_modes - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, names[
-			chip->digital_mode_list[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, chip->num_digital_modes, names);
 }
 
 static int snd_echo_digital_mode_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1481,7 +1462,8 @@ static int snd_echo_digital_mode_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				snd_ctl_notify(chip->card,
 					       SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE,
 					       &chip->clock_src_ctl->id);
-				DE_ACT(("SDM() =%d\n", changed));
+				dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+					"SDM() =%d\n", changed);
 			}
 			if (changed >= 0)
 				changed = 1;	/* No errors */
@@ -1509,16 +1491,9 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_echo_digital_mode_switch = {
 static int snd_echo_spdif_mode_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				    struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *names[2] = {"Consumer", "Professional"};
+	static const char * const names[2] = {"Consumer", "Professional"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       names[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, names);
 }
 
 static int snd_echo_spdif_mode_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1566,21 +1541,14 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_echo_spdif_mode_switch = {
 static int snd_echo_clock_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				      struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *names[8] = {
+	static const char * const names[8] = {
 		"Internal", "Word", "Super", "S/PDIF", "ADAT", "ESync",
 		"ESync96", "MTC"
 	};
 	struct echoaudio *chip;
 
 	chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = chip->num_clock_sources;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= chip->num_clock_sources)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = chip->num_clock_sources - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, names[
-			chip->clock_source_list[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, chip->num_clock_sources, names);
 }
 
 static int snd_echo_clock_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1622,7 +1590,8 @@ static int snd_echo_clock_source_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	}
 
 	if (changed < 0)
-		DE_ACT(("seticlk val%d err 0x%x\n", dclock, changed));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+			"seticlk val%d err 0x%x\n", dclock, changed);
 
 	return changed;
 }
@@ -1879,7 +1848,7 @@ static irqreturn_t snd_echo_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
 #ifdef ECHOCARD_HAS_MIDI
 	if (st > 0 && chip->midi_in) {
 		snd_rawmidi_receive(chip->midi_in, chip->midi_buffer, st);
-		DE_MID(("rawmidi_iread=%d\n", st));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "rawmidi_iread=%d\n", st);
 	}
 #endif
 	return IRQ_HANDLED;
@@ -1894,10 +1863,8 @@ static irqreturn_t snd_echo_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
 
 static int snd_echo_free(struct echoaudio *chip)
 {
-	DE_INIT(("Stop DSP...\n"));
 	if (chip->comm_page)
 		rest_in_peace(chip);
-	DE_INIT(("Stopped.\n"));
 
 	if (chip->irq >= 0)
 		free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
@@ -1908,17 +1875,14 @@ static int snd_echo_free(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	if (chip->dsp_registers)
 		iounmap(chip->dsp_registers);
 
-	if (chip->iores)
-		release_and_free_resource(chip->iores);
+	release_and_free_resource(chip->iores);
 
-	DE_INIT(("MMIO freed.\n"));
 
 	pci_disable_device(chip->pci);
 
 	/* release chip data */
 	free_firmware_cache(chip);
 	kfree(chip);
-	DE_INIT(("Chip freed.\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1928,7 +1892,6 @@ static int snd_echo_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
 {
 	struct echoaudio *chip = device->device_data;
 
-	DE_INIT(("snd_echo_dev_free()...\n"));
 	return snd_echo_free(chip);
 }
 
@@ -1961,7 +1924,7 @@ static int snd_echo_create(struct snd_card *card,
 			pci_disable_device(pci);
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		}
-		DE_INIT(("chip=%p\n", chip));
+		dev_dbg(card->dev, "chip=%p\n", chip);
 		spin_lock_init(&chip->lock);
 		chip->card = card;
 		chip->pci = pci;
@@ -1998,8 +1961,8 @@ static int snd_echo_create(struct snd_card *card,
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 	chip->irq = pci->irq;
-	DE_INIT(("pci=%p irq=%d subdev=%04x Init hardware...\n",
-		 chip->pci, chip->irq, chip->pci->subsystem_device));
+	dev_dbg(card->dev, "pci=%p irq=%d subdev=%04x Init hardware...\n",
+		chip->pci, chip->irq, chip->pci->subsystem_device);
 
 	/* Create the DSP comm page - this is the area of memory used for most
 	of the communication with the DSP, which accesses it via bus mastering */
@@ -2017,11 +1980,10 @@ static int snd_echo_create(struct snd_card *card,
 	if (err >= 0)
 		err = set_mixer_defaults(chip);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw err=%d\n", err));
+		dev_err(card->dev, "init_hw err=%d\n", err);
 		snd_echo_free(chip);
 		return err;
 	}
-	DE_INIT(("Card init OK\n"));
 
 	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, chip, &ops)) < 0) {
 		snd_echo_free(chip);
@@ -2051,7 +2013,6 @@ static int snd_echo_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	DE_INIT(("Echoaudio driver starting...\n"));
 	i = 0;
 	err = snd_card_new(&pci->dev, index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
 			   0, &card);
@@ -2204,7 +2165,6 @@ static int snd_echo_suspend(struct device *dev)
 	struct pci_dev *pci = to_pci_dev(dev);
 	struct echoaudio *chip = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 
-	DE_INIT(("suspend start\n"));
 	snd_pcm_suspend_all(chip->analog_pcm);
 	snd_pcm_suspend_all(chip->digital_pcm);
 
@@ -2231,7 +2191,6 @@ static int snd_echo_suspend(struct device *dev)
 	pci_save_state(pci);
 	pci_disable_device(pci);
 
-	DE_INIT(("suspend done\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2245,7 +2204,6 @@ static int snd_echo_resume(struct device *dev)
 	u32 pipe_alloc_mask;
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("resume start\n"));
 	pci_restore_state(pci);
 	commpage_bak = kmalloc(sizeof(struct echoaudio), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (commpage_bak == NULL)
@@ -2256,11 +2214,10 @@ static int snd_echo_resume(struct device *dev)
 	err = init_hw(chip, chip->pci->device, chip->pci->subsystem_device);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		kfree(commpage_bak);
-		DE_INIT(("resume init_hw err=%d\n", err));
+		dev_err(dev, "resume init_hw err=%d\n", err);
 		snd_echo_free(chip);
 		return err;
 	}
-	DE_INIT(("resume init OK\n"));
 
 	/* Temporarily set chip->pipe_alloc_mask=0 otherwise
 	 * restore_dsp_settings() fails.
@@ -2273,7 +2230,6 @@ static int snd_echo_resume(struct device *dev)
 		kfree(commpage_bak);
 		return err;
 	}
-	DE_INIT(("resume restore OK\n"));
 
 	memcpy(&commpage->audio_format, &commpage_bak->audio_format,
 		sizeof(commpage->audio_format));
@@ -2290,7 +2246,7 @@ static int snd_echo_resume(struct device *dev)
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 	chip->irq = pci->irq;
-	DE_INIT(("resume irq=%d\n", chip->irq));
+	dev_dbg(dev, "resume irq=%d\n", chip->irq);
 
 #ifdef ECHOCARD_HAS_MIDI
 	if (chip->midi_input_enabled)
@@ -2299,7 +2255,6 @@ static int snd_echo_resume(struct device *dev)
 		snd_echo_midi_output_trigger(chip->midi_out, 1);
 #endif
 
-	DE_INIT(("resume done\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.h b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.h
index b86b88da81cd..32515227a692 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.h
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.h
@@ -295,34 +295,6 @@
 #define PIPE_STATE_PENDING	3	/* Pipe has pending start */
 
 
-/* Debug initialization */
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
-#define DE_INIT(x) snd_printk x
-#else
-#define DE_INIT(x)
-#endif
-
-/* Debug hw_params callbacks */
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
-#define DE_HWP(x) snd_printk x
-#else
-#define DE_HWP(x)
-#endif
-
-/* Debug normal activity (open, start, stop...) */
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
-#define DE_ACT(x) snd_printk x
-#else
-#define DE_ACT(x)
-#endif
-
-/* Debug midi activity */
-#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
-#define DE_MID(x) snd_printk x
-#else
-#define DE_MID(x)
-#endif
-
 
 struct audiopipe {
 	volatile u32 *dma_counter;	/* Commpage register that contains
@@ -468,7 +440,8 @@ static int wait_handshake(struct echoaudio *chip);
 static int send_vector(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 command);
 static int get_firmware(const struct firmware **fw_entry,
 			struct echoaudio *chip, const short fw_index);
-static void free_firmware(const struct firmware *fw_entry);
+static void free_firmware(const struct firmware *fw_entry,
+			  struct echoaudio *chip);
 
 #ifdef ECHOCARD_HAS_MIDI
 static int enable_midi_input(struct echoaudio *chip, char enable);
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_3g.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_3g.c
index 658db44ef746..2fa66dc3e675 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_3g.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_3g.c
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ static int check_asic_status(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	}
 
 	box_status = le32_to_cpu(chip->comm_page->ext_box_status);
-	DE_INIT(("box_status=%x\n", box_status));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "box_status=%x\n", box_status);
 	if (box_status == E3G_ASIC_NOT_LOADED)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ static int write_control_reg(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 ctl, u32 frq,
 	if (wait_handshake(chip))
 		return -EIO;
 
-	DE_ACT(("WriteControlReg: Setting 0x%x, 0x%x\n", ctl, frq));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"WriteControlReg: Setting 0x%x, 0x%x\n", ctl, frq);
 
 	ctl = cpu_to_le32(ctl);
 	frq = cpu_to_le32(frq);
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ static int write_control_reg(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 ctl, u32 frq,
 		return send_vector(chip, DSP_VC_WRITE_CONTROL_REG);
 	}
 
-	DE_ACT(("WriteControlReg: not written, no change\n"));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "WriteControlReg: not written, no change\n");
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -258,8 +259,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	/* Only set the clock for internal mode. */
 	if (chip->input_clock != ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL) {
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: Cannot set sample rate - "
-			"clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n"));
+		dev_warn(chip->card->dev,
+			 "Cannot set sample rate - clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n");
 		/* Save the rate anyhow */
 		chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);
 		chip->sample_rate = rate;
@@ -313,7 +314,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);	/* ignored by the DSP */
 	chip->sample_rate = rate;
-	DE_ACT(("SetSampleRate: %d clock %x\n", rate, control_reg));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"SetSampleRate: %d clock %x\n", rate, control_reg);
 
 	/* Tell the DSP about it - DSP reads both control reg & freq reg */
 	return write_control_reg(chip, control_reg, frq_reg, 0);
@@ -326,7 +328,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 {
 	u32 control_reg, clocks_from_dsp;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_input_clock:\n"));
 
 	/* Mask off the clock select bits */
 	control_reg = le32_to_cpu(chip->comm_page->control_register) &
@@ -335,13 +336,11 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 
 	switch (clock) {
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Echo3G clock to INTERNAL\n"));
 		chip->input_clock = ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL;
 		return set_sample_rate(chip, chip->sample_rate);
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_SPDIF:
 		if (chip->digital_mode == DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT)
 			return -EAGAIN;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Echo3G clock to SPDIF\n"));
 		control_reg |= E3G_SPDIF_CLOCK;
 		if (clocks_from_dsp & E3G_CLOCK_DETECT_BIT_SPDIF96)
 			control_reg |= E3G_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
@@ -351,12 +350,10 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_ADAT:
 		if (chip->digital_mode != DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT)
 			return -EAGAIN;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Echo3G clock to ADAT\n"));
 		control_reg |= E3G_ADAT_CLOCK;
 		control_reg &= ~E3G_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_WORD:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Echo3G clock to WORD\n"));
 		control_reg |= E3G_WORD_CLOCK;
 		if (clocks_from_dsp & E3G_CLOCK_DETECT_BIT_WORD96)
 			control_reg |= E3G_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
@@ -364,7 +361,8 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 			control_reg &= ~E3G_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Input clock 0x%x not supported for Echo3G\n", clock));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Input clock 0x%x not supported for Echo3G\n", clock);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -392,7 +390,8 @@ static int dsp_set_digital_mode(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 mode)
 			incompatible_clock = TRUE;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Digital mode not supported: %d\n", mode));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Digital mode not supported: %d\n", mode);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -427,6 +426,6 @@ static int dsp_set_digital_mode(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 mode)
 		return err;
 	chip->digital_mode = mode;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_digital_mode(%d)\n", chip->digital_mode));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_digital_mode(%d)\n", chip->digital_mode);
 	return incompatible_clock;
 }
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_dsp.c
index 5a6a217b82e0..1a9427aabe1d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_dsp.c
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ static int send_vector(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 command)
 		udelay(1);
 	}
 
-	DE_ACT((KERN_ERR "timeout on send_vector\n"));
+	dev_err(chip->card->dev, "timeout on send_vector\n");
 	return -EBUSY;
 }
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static int write_dsp(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 data)
 	}
 
 	chip->bad_board = TRUE;		/* Set TRUE until DSP re-loaded */
-	DE_ACT((KERN_ERR "write_dsp: Set bad_board to TRUE\n"));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "write_dsp: Set bad_board to TRUE\n");
 	return -EIO;
 }
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ static int read_dsp(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 *data)
 	}
 
 	chip->bad_board = TRUE;		/* Set TRUE until DSP re-loaded */
-	DE_INIT((KERN_ERR "read_dsp: Set bad_board to TRUE\n"));
+	dev_err(chip->card->dev, "read_dsp: Set bad_board to TRUE\n");
 	return -EIO;
 }
 
@@ -154,8 +154,9 @@ static int read_sn(struct echoaudio *chip)
 			return -EIO;
 		}
 	}
-	DE_INIT(("Read serial number %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
-		 sn[0], sn[1], sn[2], sn[3], sn[4]));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"Read serial number %08x %08x %08x %08x %08x\n",
+		 sn[0], sn[1], sn[2], sn[3], sn[4]);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -205,13 +206,12 @@ static int load_asic_generic(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 cmd, short asic)
 			goto la_error;
 	}
 
-	DE_INIT(("ASIC loaded\n"));
-	free_firmware(fw);
+	free_firmware(fw, chip);
 	return 0;
 
 la_error:
-	DE_INIT(("failed on write_dsp\n"));
-	free_firmware(fw);
+	dev_err(chip->card->dev, "failed on write_dsp\n");
+	free_firmware(fw, chip);
 	return -EIO;
 }
 
@@ -241,8 +241,9 @@ static int install_resident_loader(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	loader is already installed, host flag 5 will be on. */
 	status = get_dsp_register(chip, CHI32_STATUS_REG);
 	if (status & CHI32_STATUS_REG_HF5) {
-		DE_INIT(("Resident loader already installed; status is 0x%x\n",
-			 status));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+			"Resident loader already installed; status is 0x%x\n",
+			 status);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -283,12 +284,14 @@ static int install_resident_loader(struct echoaudio *chip)
 
 	/* Write the count to the DSP */
 	if (write_dsp(chip, words)) {
-		DE_INIT(("install_resident_loader: Failed to write word count!\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"install_resident_loader: Failed to write word count!\n");
 		goto irl_error;
 	}
 	/* Write the DSP address */
 	if (write_dsp(chip, address)) {
-		DE_INIT(("install_resident_loader: Failed to write DSP address!\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"install_resident_loader: Failed to write DSP address!\n");
 		goto irl_error;
 	}
 	/* Write out this block of code to the DSP */
@@ -297,7 +300,8 @@ static int install_resident_loader(struct echoaudio *chip)
 
 		data = ((u32)code[index] << 16) + code[index + 1];
 		if (write_dsp(chip, data)) {
-			DE_INIT(("install_resident_loader: Failed to write DSP code\n"));
+			dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+				"install_resident_loader: Failed to write DSP code\n");
 			goto irl_error;
 		}
 		index += 2;
@@ -312,16 +316,16 @@ static int install_resident_loader(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	}
 
 	if (i == 200) {
-		DE_INIT(("Resident loader failed to set HF5\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "Resident loader failed to set HF5\n");
 		goto irl_error;
 	}
 
-	DE_INIT(("Resident loader successfully installed\n"));
-	free_firmware(fw);
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Resident loader successfully installed\n");
+	free_firmware(fw, chip);
 	return 0;
 
 irl_error:
-	free_firmware(fw);
+	free_firmware(fw, chip);
 	return -EIO;
 }
 
@@ -334,14 +338,14 @@ static int load_dsp(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 *code)
 	int index, words, i;
 
 	if (chip->dsp_code == code) {
-		DE_INIT(("DSP is already loaded!\n"));
+		dev_warn(chip->card->dev, "DSP is already loaded!\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
 	chip->bad_board = TRUE;		/* Set TRUE until DSP loaded */
 	chip->dsp_code = NULL;		/* Current DSP code not loaded */
 	chip->asic_loaded = FALSE;	/* Loading the DSP code will reset the ASIC */
 
-	DE_INIT(("load_dsp: Set bad_board to TRUE\n"));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "load_dsp: Set bad_board to TRUE\n");
 
 	/* If this board requires a resident loader, install it. */
 #ifdef DSP_56361
@@ -351,7 +355,8 @@ static int load_dsp(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 *code)
 
 	/* Send software reset command */
 	if (send_vector(chip, DSP_VC_RESET) < 0) {
-		DE_INIT(("LoadDsp: send_vector DSP_VC_RESET failed, Critical Failure\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"LoadDsp: send_vector DSP_VC_RESET failed, Critical Failure\n");
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 	/* Delay 10us */
@@ -366,7 +371,8 @@ static int load_dsp(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 *code)
 	}
 
 	if (i == 1000) {
-		DE_INIT(("load_dsp: Timeout waiting for CHI32_STATUS_REG_HF3\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"load_dsp: Timeout waiting for CHI32_STATUS_REG_HF3\n");
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 
@@ -403,29 +409,34 @@ static int load_dsp(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 *code)
 		index += 2;
 
 		if (write_dsp(chip, words) < 0) {
-			DE_INIT(("load_dsp: failed to write number of DSP words\n"));
+			dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+				"load_dsp: failed to write number of DSP words\n");
 			return -EIO;
 		}
 		if (write_dsp(chip, address) < 0) {
-			DE_INIT(("load_dsp: failed to write DSP address\n"));
+			dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+				"load_dsp: failed to write DSP address\n");
 			return -EIO;
 		}
 		if (write_dsp(chip, mem_type) < 0) {
-			DE_INIT(("load_dsp: failed to write DSP memory type\n"));
+			dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+				"load_dsp: failed to write DSP memory type\n");
 			return -EIO;
 		}
 		/* Code */
 		for (i = 0; i < words; i++, index+=2) {
 			data = ((u32)code[index] << 16) + code[index + 1];
 			if (write_dsp(chip, data) < 0) {
-				DE_INIT(("load_dsp: failed to write DSP data\n"));
+				dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+					"load_dsp: failed to write DSP data\n");
 				return -EIO;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (write_dsp(chip, 0) < 0) {	/* We're done!!! */
-		DE_INIT(("load_dsp: Failed to write final zero\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"load_dsp: Failed to write final zero\n");
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 	udelay(10);
@@ -438,12 +449,14 @@ static int load_dsp(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 *code)
 					 get_dsp_register(chip, CHI32_CONTROL_REG) & ~0x1b00);
 
 			if (write_dsp(chip, DSP_FNC_SET_COMMPAGE_ADDR) < 0) {
-				DE_INIT(("load_dsp: Failed to write DSP_FNC_SET_COMMPAGE_ADDR\n"));
+				dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+					"load_dsp: Failed to write DSP_FNC_SET_COMMPAGE_ADDR\n");
 				return -EIO;
 			}
 
 			if (write_dsp(chip, chip->comm_page_phys) < 0) {
-				DE_INIT(("load_dsp: Failed to write comm page address\n"));
+				dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+					"load_dsp: Failed to write comm page address\n");
 				return -EIO;
 			}
 
@@ -452,19 +465,20 @@ static int load_dsp(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 *code)
 			We don't actually use the serial number but we have to
 			get it as part of the DSP init voodoo. */
 			if (read_sn(chip) < 0) {
-				DE_INIT(("load_dsp: Failed to read serial number\n"));
+				dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+					"load_dsp: Failed to read serial number\n");
 				return -EIO;
 			}
 
 			chip->dsp_code = code;		/* Show which DSP code loaded */
 			chip->bad_board = FALSE;	/* DSP OK */
-			DE_INIT(("load_dsp: OK!\n"));
 			return 0;
 		}
 		udelay(100);
 	}
 
-	DE_INIT(("load_dsp: DSP load timed out waiting for HF4\n"));
+	dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+		"load_dsp: DSP load timed out waiting for HF4\n");
 	return -EIO;
 }
 
@@ -491,7 +505,7 @@ static int load_firmware(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 	err = load_dsp(chip, (u16 *)fw->data);
-	free_firmware(fw);
+	free_firmware(fw, chip);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
@@ -658,7 +672,6 @@ static void get_audio_meters(struct echoaudio *chip, long *meters)
 static int restore_dsp_rettings(struct echoaudio *chip)
 {
 	int i, o, err;
-	DE_INIT(("restore_dsp_settings\n"));
 
 	if ((err = check_asic_status(chip)) < 0)
 		return err;
@@ -755,7 +768,6 @@ static int restore_dsp_rettings(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	if (send_vector(chip, DSP_VC_UPDATE_FLAGS) < 0)
 		return -EIO;
 
-	DE_INIT(("restore_dsp_rettings done\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -835,7 +847,8 @@ static void set_audio_format(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 pipe_index,
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	DE_ACT(("set_audio_format[%d] = %x\n", pipe_index, dsp_format));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		 "set_audio_format[%d] = %x\n", pipe_index, dsp_format);
 	chip->comm_page->audio_format[pipe_index] = cpu_to_le16(dsp_format);
 }
 
@@ -848,7 +861,6 @@ Same thing for pause_ and stop_ -trasport below. */
 static int start_transport(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 channel_mask,
 			   u32 cyclic_mask)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("start_transport %x\n", channel_mask));
 
 	if (wait_handshake(chip))
 		return -EIO;
@@ -866,7 +878,7 @@ static int start_transport(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 channel_mask,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	DE_ACT(("start_transport: No pipes to start!\n"));
+	dev_err(chip->card->dev, "start_transport: No pipes to start!\n");
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
@@ -874,7 +886,6 @@ static int start_transport(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 channel_mask,
 
 static int pause_transport(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 channel_mask)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("pause_transport %x\n", channel_mask));
 
 	if (wait_handshake(chip))
 		return -EIO;
@@ -893,7 +904,7 @@ static int pause_transport(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 channel_mask)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	DE_ACT(("pause_transport: No pipes to stop!\n"));
+	dev_warn(chip->card->dev, "pause_transport: No pipes to stop!\n");
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -901,7 +912,6 @@ static int pause_transport(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 channel_mask)
 
 static int stop_transport(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 channel_mask)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("stop_transport %x\n", channel_mask));
 
 	if (wait_handshake(chip))
 		return -EIO;
@@ -920,7 +930,7 @@ static int stop_transport(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 channel_mask)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	DE_ACT(("stop_transport: No pipes to stop!\n"));
+	dev_warn(chip->card->dev, "stop_transport: No pipes to stop!\n");
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -937,7 +947,6 @@ static inline int is_pipe_allocated(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 pipe_index)
 stopped and unallocated. */
 static int rest_in_peace(struct echoaudio *chip)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("rest_in_peace() open=%x\n", chip->pipe_alloc_mask));
 
 	/* Stops all active pipes (just to be sure) */
 	stop_transport(chip, chip->active_mask);
@@ -965,7 +974,8 @@ static int init_dsp_comm_page(struct echoaudio *chip)
 {
 	/* Check if the compiler added extra padding inside the structure */
 	if (offsetof(struct comm_page, midi_output) != 0xbe0) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_dsp_comm_page() - Invalid struct comm_page structure\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_dsp_comm_page() - Invalid struct comm_page structure\n");
 		return -EPERM;
 	}
 
@@ -999,7 +1009,6 @@ static int init_dsp_comm_page(struct echoaudio *chip)
  */
 static int init_line_levels(struct echoaudio *chip)
 {
-	DE_INIT(("init_line_levels\n"));
 	memset(chip->output_gain, ECHOGAIN_MUTED, sizeof(chip->output_gain));
 	memset(chip->input_gain, ECHOGAIN_MUTED, sizeof(chip->input_gain));
 	memset(chip->monitor_gain, ECHOGAIN_MUTED, sizeof(chip->monitor_gain));
@@ -1051,7 +1060,8 @@ static int allocate_pipes(struct echoaudio *chip, struct audiopipe *pipe,
 	u32 channel_mask;
 	char is_cyclic;
 
-	DE_ACT(("allocate_pipes: ch=%d int=%d\n", pipe_index, interleave));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"allocate_pipes: ch=%d int=%d\n", pipe_index, interleave);
 
 	if (chip->bad_board)
 		return -EIO;
@@ -1061,7 +1071,8 @@ static int allocate_pipes(struct echoaudio *chip, struct audiopipe *pipe,
 	for (channel_mask = i = 0; i < interleave; i++)
 		channel_mask |= 1 << (pipe_index + i);
 	if (chip->pipe_alloc_mask & channel_mask) {
-		DE_ACT(("allocate_pipes: channel already open\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"allocate_pipes: channel already open\n");
 		return -EAGAIN;
 	}
 
@@ -1078,7 +1089,6 @@ static int allocate_pipes(struct echoaudio *chip, struct audiopipe *pipe,
 	it moves data. The DMA counter is in units of bytes, not samples. */
 	pipe->dma_counter = &chip->comm_page->position[pipe_index];
 	*pipe->dma_counter = 0;
-	DE_ACT(("allocate_pipes: ok\n"));
 	return pipe_index;
 }
 
@@ -1089,7 +1099,6 @@ static int free_pipes(struct echoaudio *chip, struct audiopipe *pipe)
 	u32 channel_mask;
 	int i;
 
-	DE_ACT(("free_pipes: Pipe %d\n", pipe->index));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(!is_pipe_allocated(chip, pipe->index)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(pipe->state != PIPE_STATE_STOPPED))
@@ -1131,7 +1140,7 @@ static int sglist_add_mapping(struct echoaudio *chip, struct audiopipe *pipe,
 		list[head].size = cpu_to_le32(length);
 		pipe->sglist_head++;
 	} else {
-		DE_ACT(("SGlist: too many fragments\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "SGlist: too many fragments\n");
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_gml.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_gml.c
index afa273330e8a..23a099425834 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_gml.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_gml.c
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ static int check_asic_status(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	/* The DSP will return a value to indicate whether or not the
 	   ASIC is currently loaded */
 	if (read_dsp(chip, &asic_status) < 0) {
-		DE_INIT(("check_asic_status: failed on read_dsp\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"check_asic_status: failed on read_dsp\n");
 		chip->asic_loaded = FALSE;
 		return -EIO;
 	}
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ static int write_control_reg(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 value, char force)
 	else
 		value &= ~GML_DIGITAL_IN_AUTO_MUTE;
 
-	DE_ACT(("write_control_reg: 0x%x\n", value));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "write_control_reg: 0x%x\n", value);
 
 	/* Write the control register */
 	value = cpu_to_le32(value);
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ If the auto-mute is disabled, the digital inputs are enabled regardless of
 what the input clock is set or what is connected. */
 static int set_input_auto_mute(struct echoaudio *chip, int automute)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("set_input_auto_mute %d\n", automute));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_input_auto_mute %d\n", automute);
 
 	chip->digital_in_automute = automute;
 
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ static int set_professional_spdif(struct echoaudio *chip, char prof)
 	if ((err = write_control_reg(chip, control_reg, FALSE)))
 		return err;
 	chip->professional_spdif = prof;
-	DE_ACT(("set_professional_spdif to %s\n",
-		prof ? "Professional" : "Consumer"));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_professional_spdif to %s\n",
+		prof ? "Professional" : "Consumer");
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/gina20_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/gina20_dsp.c
index d1615a0579d1..5dafe9260cb4 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/gina20_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/gina20_dsp.c
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Gina20\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != GINA20))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -149,7 +148,6 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("set_input_clock:\n"));
 
 	switch (clock) {
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL:
@@ -158,7 +156,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 		chip->spdif_status = GD_SPDIF_STATUS_UNDEF;
 		set_sample_rate(chip, chip->sample_rate);
 		chip->input_clock = clock;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Gina clock to INTERNAL\n"));
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_SPDIF:
 		chip->comm_page->gd_clock_state = GD_CLOCK_SPDIFIN;
@@ -166,7 +163,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 		clear_handshake(chip);
 		send_vector(chip, DSP_VC_SET_GD_AUDIO_STATE);
 		chip->clock_state = GD_CLOCK_SPDIFIN;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Gina20 clock to SPDIF\n"));
 		chip->input_clock = clock;
 		break;
 	default:
@@ -208,7 +204,6 @@ static int update_flags(struct echoaudio *chip)
 
 static int set_professional_spdif(struct echoaudio *chip, char prof)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("set_professional_spdif %d\n", prof));
 	if (prof)
 		chip->comm_page->flags |=
 			cpu_to_le32(DSP_FLAG_PROFESSIONAL_SPDIF);
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/gina24_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/gina24_dsp.c
index 98f7cfa81b5f..6971766938bf 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/gina24_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/gina24_dsp.c
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Gina24\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != GINA24))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -155,7 +154,6 @@ static int load_asic(struct echoaudio *chip)
 		control_reg = GML_CONVERTER_ENABLE | GML_48KHZ;
 		err = write_control_reg(chip, control_reg, TRUE);
 	}
-	DE_INIT(("load_asic() done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -171,8 +169,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	/* Only set the clock for internal mode. */
 	if (chip->input_clock != ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL) {
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: Cannot set sample rate - "
-			"clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n"));
+		dev_warn(chip->card->dev,
+			 "Cannot set sample rate - clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n");
 		/* Save the rate anyhow */
 		chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);
 		chip->sample_rate = rate;
@@ -217,7 +215,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 		clock = GML_8KHZ;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);	/* ignored by the DSP */
 	chip->sample_rate = rate;
-	DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, clock));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, clock);
 
 	return write_control_reg(chip, control_reg, FALSE);
 }
@@ -236,7 +235,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 {
 	u32 control_reg, clocks_from_dsp;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_input_clock:\n"));
 
 	/* Mask off the clock select bits */
 	control_reg = le32_to_cpu(chip->comm_page->control_register) &
@@ -245,13 +243,11 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 
 	switch (clock) {
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Gina24 clock to INTERNAL\n"));
 		chip->input_clock = ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL;
 		return set_sample_rate(chip, chip->sample_rate);
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_SPDIF:
 		if (chip->digital_mode == DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT)
 			return -EAGAIN;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Gina24 clock to SPDIF\n"));
 		control_reg |= GML_SPDIF_CLOCK;
 		if (clocks_from_dsp & GML_CLOCK_DETECT_BIT_SPDIF96)
 			control_reg |= GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
@@ -261,21 +257,19 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_ADAT:
 		if (chip->digital_mode != DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT)
 			return -EAGAIN;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Gina24 clock to ADAT\n"));
 		control_reg |= GML_ADAT_CLOCK;
 		control_reg &= ~GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_ESYNC:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Gina24 clock to ESYNC\n"));
 		control_reg |= GML_ESYNC_CLOCK;
 		control_reg &= ~GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_ESYNC96:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Gina24 clock to ESYNC96\n"));
 		control_reg |= GML_ESYNC_CLOCK | GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Input clock 0x%x not supported for Gina24\n", clock));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Input clock 0x%x not supported for Gina24\n", clock);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -304,7 +298,8 @@ static int dsp_set_digital_mode(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 mode)
 			incompatible_clock = TRUE;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Digital mode not supported: %d\n", mode));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Digital mode not supported: %d\n", mode);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -344,6 +339,7 @@ static int dsp_set_digital_mode(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 mode)
 		return err;
 	chip->digital_mode = mode;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_digital_mode to %d\n", chip->digital_mode));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_digital_mode to %d\n", chip->digital_mode);
 	return incompatible_clock;
 }
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigo_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigo_dsp.c
index 5e85f14fe5a8..54edd67edff7 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigo_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigo_dsp.c
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Indigo\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != INDIGO))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -109,7 +108,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 		control_reg = MIA_32000;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -147,7 +147,8 @@ static int set_vmixer_gain(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 output, u16 pipe,
 	index = output * num_pipes_out(chip) + pipe;
 	chip->comm_page->vmixer[index] = gain;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigo_express_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigo_express_dsp.c
index 2e4ab3e34a74..ceda2d7046ac 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigo_express_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigo_express_dsp.c
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	control_reg |= clock;
 	if (control_reg != old_control_reg) {
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, clock));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+			"set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, clock);
 		chip->comm_page->control_register = cpu_to_le32(control_reg);
 		chip->sample_rate = rate;
 		clear_handshake(chip);
@@ -89,7 +90,8 @@ static int set_vmixer_gain(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 output, u16 pipe,
 	index = output * num_pipes_out(chip) + pipe;
 	chip->comm_page->vmixer[index] = gain;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigodj_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigodj_dsp.c
index 68f3c8ccc1bf..2cf5cc092d7a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigodj_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigodj_dsp.c
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Indigo DJ\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != INDIGO_DJ))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -109,7 +108,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 		control_reg = MIA_32000;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -147,7 +147,8 @@ static int set_vmixer_gain(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 output, u16 pipe,
 	index = output * num_pipes_out(chip) + pipe;
 	chip->comm_page->vmixer[index] = gain;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigodjx_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigodjx_dsp.c
index bb9632c752a9..5252863f1681 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigodjx_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigodjx_dsp.c
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Indigo DJx\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != INDIGO_DJX))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigoio_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigoio_dsp.c
index beb9a5b69892..4e81787627e0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigoio_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigoio_dsp.c
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Indigo IO\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != INDIGO_IO))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +117,8 @@ static int set_vmixer_gain(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 output, u16 pipe,
 	index = output * num_pipes_out(chip) + pipe;
 	chip->comm_page->vmixer[index] = gain;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigoiox_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigoiox_dsp.c
index 394c6e76bcbc..6de3f9bc6d26 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigoiox_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/indigoiox_dsp.c
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Indigo IOx\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != INDIGO_IOX))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/layla20_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/layla20_dsp.c
index 53ce94605044..f2024a3565af 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/layla20_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/layla20_dsp.c
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Layla20\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != LAYLA20))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +120,8 @@ static int check_asic_status(struct echoaudio *chip)
 		/* The DSP will return a value to indicate whether or not
 		   the ASIC is currently loaded */
 		if (read_dsp(chip, &asic_status) < 0) {
-			DE_ACT(("check_asic_status: failed on read_dsp\n"));
+			dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+				"check_asic_status: failed on read_dsp\n");
 			return -EIO;
 		}
 
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 	/* Only set the clock for internal mode. Do not return failure,
 	   simply treat it as a non-event. */
 	if (chip->input_clock != ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL) {
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: Cannot set sample rate - "
-			"clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n"));
+		dev_warn(chip->card->dev,
+			 "Cannot set sample rate - clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n");
 		chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);
 		chip->sample_rate = rate;
 		return 0;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 	if (wait_handshake(chip))
 		return -EIO;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate(%d)\n", rate));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_sample_rate(%d)\n", rate);
 	chip->sample_rate = rate;
 	chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);
 	clear_handshake(chip);
@@ -188,29 +188,25 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock_source)
 	u16 clock;
 	u32 rate;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_input_clock:\n"));
 	rate = 0;
 	switch (clock_source) {
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Layla20 clock to INTERNAL\n"));
 		rate = chip->sample_rate;
 		clock = LAYLA20_CLOCK_INTERNAL;
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_SPDIF:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Layla20 clock to SPDIF\n"));
 		clock = LAYLA20_CLOCK_SPDIF;
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_WORD:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Layla20 clock to WORD\n"));
 		clock = LAYLA20_CLOCK_WORD;
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_SUPER:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Layla20 clock to SUPER\n"));
 		clock = LAYLA20_CLOCK_SUPER;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Input clock 0x%x not supported for Layla24\n",
-			clock_source));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Input clock 0x%x not supported for Layla24\n",
+			clock_source);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	chip->input_clock = clock_source;
@@ -229,7 +225,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock_source)
 
 static int set_output_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("set_output_clock: %d\n", clock));
 	switch (clock) {
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_SUPER:
 		clock = LAYLA20_OUTPUT_CLOCK_SUPER;
@@ -238,7 +233,7 @@ static int set_output_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 		clock = LAYLA20_OUTPUT_CLOCK_WORD;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("set_output_clock wrong clock\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "set_output_clock wrong clock\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -283,7 +278,6 @@ static int update_flags(struct echoaudio *chip)
 
 static int set_professional_spdif(struct echoaudio *chip, char prof)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("set_professional_spdif %d\n", prof));
 	if (prof)
 		chip->comm_page->flags |=
 			cpu_to_le32(DSP_FLAG_PROFESSIONAL_SPDIF);
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/layla24_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/layla24_dsp.c
index 8c041647f285..4f11e81f6c0e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/layla24_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/layla24_dsp.c
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Layla24\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != LAYLA24))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 	if ((err = init_line_levels(chip)) < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -117,7 +116,6 @@ static int load_asic(struct echoaudio *chip)
 	if (chip->asic_loaded)
 		return 1;
 
-	DE_INIT(("load_asic\n"));
 
 	/* Give the DSP a few milliseconds to settle down */
 	mdelay(10);
@@ -151,7 +149,6 @@ static int load_asic(struct echoaudio *chip)
 		err = write_control_reg(chip, GML_CONVERTER_ENABLE | GML_48KHZ,
 					TRUE);
 	
-	DE_INIT(("load_asic() done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -167,8 +164,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	/* Only set the clock for internal mode. */
 	if (chip->input_clock != ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL) {
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: Cannot set sample rate - "
-			"clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n"));
+		dev_warn(chip->card->dev,
+			 "Cannot set sample rate - clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n");
 		/* Save the rate anyhow */
 		chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);
 		chip->sample_rate = rate;
@@ -241,7 +238,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);	/* ignored by the DSP ? */
 	chip->sample_rate = rate;
-	DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, control_reg));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, control_reg);
 
 	return write_control_reg(chip, control_reg, FALSE);
 }
@@ -260,7 +258,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 	/* Pick the new clock */
 	switch (clock) {
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Layla24 clock to INTERNAL\n"));
 		chip->input_clock = ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL;
 		return set_sample_rate(chip, chip->sample_rate);
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_SPDIF:
@@ -269,7 +266,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 		control_reg |= GML_SPDIF_CLOCK;
 		/* Layla24 doesn't support 96KHz S/PDIF */
 		control_reg &= ~GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Layla24 clock to SPDIF\n"));
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_WORD:
 		control_reg |= GML_WORD_CLOCK;
@@ -277,17 +273,16 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 			control_reg |= GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		else
 			control_reg &= ~GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Layla24 clock to WORD\n"));
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_ADAT:
 		if (chip->digital_mode != DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT)
 			return -EAGAIN;
 		control_reg |= GML_ADAT_CLOCK;
 		control_reg &= ~GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Layla24 clock to ADAT\n"));
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Input clock 0x%x not supported for Layla24\n", clock));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Input clock 0x%x not supported for Layla24\n", clock);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -353,7 +348,8 @@ static int dsp_set_digital_mode(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 mode)
 		asic = FW_LAYLA24_2A_ASIC;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Digital mode not supported: %d\n", mode));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Digital mode not supported: %d\n", mode);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -393,6 +389,6 @@ static int dsp_set_digital_mode(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 mode)
 		return err;
 	chip->digital_mode = mode;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_digital_mode to %d\n", mode));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_digital_mode to %d\n", mode);
 	return incompatible_clock;
 }
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/mia_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/mia_dsp.c
index 6ebfa6e7ab9e..fdad079ad9a1 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/mia_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/mia_dsp.c
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Mia\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != MIA))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +125,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 		control_reg = MIA_32000;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("set_input_clock(%d)\n", clock));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_input_clock(%d)\n", clock);
 	if (snd_BUG_ON(clock != ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL &&
 		       clock != ECHO_CLOCK_SPDIF))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ static int set_vmixer_gain(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 output, u16 pipe,
 	index = output * num_pipes_out(chip) + pipe;
 	chip->comm_page->vmixer[index] = gain;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_vmixer_gain: pipe %d, out %d = %d\n", pipe, output, gain);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ static int update_flags(struct echoaudio *chip)
 
 static int set_professional_spdif(struct echoaudio *chip, char prof)
 {
-	DE_ACT(("set_professional_spdif %d\n", prof));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_professional_spdif %d\n", prof);
 	if (prof)
 		chip->comm_page->flags |=
 			cpu_to_le32(DSP_FLAG_PROFESSIONAL_SPDIF);
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/midi.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/midi.c
index 7f4dfae0323a..d913749d154a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/midi.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/midi.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 /* Start and stop Midi input */
 static int enable_midi_input(struct echoaudio *chip, char enable)
 {
-	DE_MID(("enable_midi_input(%d)\n", enable));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "enable_midi_input(%d)\n", enable);
 
 	if (wait_handshake(chip))
 		return -EIO;
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static int write_midi(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 *data, int bytes)
 	chip->comm_page->midi_out_free_count = 0;
 	clear_handshake(chip);
 	send_vector(chip, DSP_VC_MIDI_WRITE);
-	DE_MID(("write_midi: %d\n", bytes));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "write_midi: %d\n", bytes);
 	return bytes;
 }
 
@@ -157,7 +157,6 @@ static int snd_echo_midi_input_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	struct echoaudio *chip = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 
 	chip->midi_in = substream;
-	DE_MID(("rawmidi_iopen\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -183,7 +182,6 @@ static int snd_echo_midi_input_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	struct echoaudio *chip = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 
 	chip->midi_in = NULL;
-	DE_MID(("rawmidi_iclose\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -196,7 +194,6 @@ static int snd_echo_midi_output_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	chip->tinuse = 0;
 	chip->midi_full = 0;
 	chip->midi_out = substream;
-	DE_MID(("rawmidi_oopen\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -209,7 +206,6 @@ static void snd_echo_midi_output_write(unsigned long data)
 	int bytes, sent, time;
 	unsigned char buf[MIDI_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE - 1];
 
-	DE_MID(("snd_echo_midi_output_write\n"));
 	/* No interrupts are involved: we have to check at regular intervals
 	if the card's output buffer has room for new data. */
 	sent = bytes = 0;
@@ -218,7 +214,7 @@ static void snd_echo_midi_output_write(unsigned long data)
 	if (!snd_rawmidi_transmit_empty(chip->midi_out)) {
 		bytes = snd_rawmidi_transmit_peek(chip->midi_out, buf,
 						  MIDI_OUT_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
-		DE_MID(("Try to send %d bytes...\n", bytes));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Try to send %d bytes...\n", bytes);
 		sent = write_midi(chip, buf, bytes);
 		if (sent < 0) {
 			dev_err(chip->card->dev,
@@ -227,12 +223,12 @@ static void snd_echo_midi_output_write(unsigned long data)
 			sent = 9000;
 			chip->midi_full = 1;
 		} else if (sent > 0) {
-			DE_MID(("%d bytes sent\n", sent));
+			dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "%d bytes sent\n", sent);
 			snd_rawmidi_transmit_ack(chip->midi_out, sent);
 		} else {
 			/* Buffer is full. DSP's internal buffer is 64 (128 ?)
 			bytes long. Let's wait until half of them are sent */
-			DE_MID(("Full\n"));
+			dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Full\n");
 			sent = 32;
 			chip->midi_full = 1;
 		}
@@ -244,7 +240,8 @@ static void snd_echo_midi_output_write(unsigned long data)
 		   sent */
 		time = (sent << 3) / 25 + 1;	/* 8/25=0.32ms to send a byte */
 		mod_timer(&chip->timer, jiffies + (time * HZ + 999) / 1000);
-		DE_MID(("Timer armed(%d)\n", ((time * HZ + 999) / 1000)));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+			"Timer armed(%d)\n", ((time * HZ + 999) / 1000));
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
 }
@@ -256,7 +253,7 @@ static void snd_echo_midi_output_trigger(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream
 {
 	struct echoaudio *chip = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 
-	DE_MID(("snd_echo_midi_output_trigger(%d)\n", up));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "snd_echo_midi_output_trigger(%d)\n", up);
 	spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
 	if (up) {
 		if (!chip->tinuse) {
@@ -270,7 +267,7 @@ static void snd_echo_midi_output_trigger(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream
 			chip->tinuse = 0;
 			spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
 			del_timer_sync(&chip->timer);
-			DE_MID(("Timer removed\n"));
+			dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Timer removed\n");
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -287,7 +284,6 @@ static int snd_echo_midi_output_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	struct echoaudio *chip = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 
 	chip->midi_out = NULL;
-	DE_MID(("rawmidi_oclose\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -327,6 +323,5 @@ static int snd_echo_midi_create(struct snd_card *card,
 
 	chip->rmidi->info_flags |= SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_OUTPUT |
 		SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_INPUT | SNDRV_RAWMIDI_INFO_DUPLEX;
-	DE_INIT(("MIDI ok\n"));
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/mona_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/mona_dsp.c
index 6e6a7eb555b8..843c7a5e5105 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/mona_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/mona_dsp.c
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw() - Mona\n"));
 	if (snd_BUG_ON((subdevice_id & 0xfff0) != MONA))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
 	if ((err = init_dsp_comm_page(chip))) {
-		DE_INIT(("init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n"));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"init_hw - could not initialize DSP comm page\n");
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ static int init_hw(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 device_id, u16 subdevice_id)
 		return err;
 	chip->bad_board = FALSE;
 
-	DE_INIT(("init_hw done\n"));
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -202,8 +201,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	/* Only set the clock for internal mode. */
 	if (chip->input_clock != ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL) {
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: Cannot set sample rate - "
-			"clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n"));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+			"Cannot set sample rate - clock not set to CLK_CLOCKININTERNAL\n");
 		/* Save the rate anyhow */
 		chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);
 		chip->sample_rate = rate;
@@ -279,7 +278,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 		clock = GML_8KHZ;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"set_sample_rate: %d invalid!\n", rate);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -287,7 +287,8 @@ static int set_sample_rate(struct echoaudio *chip, u32 rate)
 
 	chip->comm_page->sample_rate = cpu_to_le32(rate);	/* ignored by the DSP */
 	chip->sample_rate = rate;
-	DE_ACT(("set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, clock));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"set_sample_rate: %d clock %d\n", rate, clock);
 
 	return write_control_reg(chip, control_reg, force_write);
 }
@@ -299,7 +300,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 	u32 control_reg, clocks_from_dsp;
 	int err;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_input_clock:\n"));
 
 	/* Prevent two simultaneous calls to switch_asic() */
 	if (atomic_read(&chip->opencount))
@@ -312,7 +312,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 
 	switch (clock) {
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Mona clock to INTERNAL\n"));
 		chip->input_clock = ECHO_CLOCK_INTERNAL;
 		return set_sample_rate(chip, chip->sample_rate);
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_SPDIF:
@@ -324,7 +323,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 		spin_lock_irq(&chip->lock);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
-		DE_ACT(("Set Mona clock to SPDIF\n"));
 		control_reg |= GML_SPDIF_CLOCK;
 		if (clocks_from_dsp & GML_CLOCK_DETECT_BIT_SPDIF96)
 			control_reg |= GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
@@ -332,7 +330,6 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 			control_reg &= ~GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_WORD:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Mona clock to WORD\n"));
 		spin_unlock_irq(&chip->lock);
 		err = switch_asic(chip, clocks_from_dsp &
 				  GML_CLOCK_DETECT_BIT_WORD96);
@@ -346,14 +343,15 @@ static int set_input_clock(struct echoaudio *chip, u16 clock)
 			control_reg &= ~GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		break;
 	case ECHO_CLOCK_ADAT:
-		DE_ACT(("Set Mona clock to ADAT\n"));
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Set Mona clock to ADAT\n");
 		if (chip->digital_mode != DIGITAL_MODE_ADAT)
 			return -EAGAIN;
 		control_reg |= GML_ADAT_CLOCK;
 		control_reg &= ~GML_DOUBLE_SPEED_MODE;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Input clock 0x%x not supported for Mona\n", clock));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Input clock 0x%x not supported for Mona\n", clock);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -381,7 +379,8 @@ static int dsp_set_digital_mode(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 mode)
 			incompatible_clock = TRUE;
 		break;
 	default:
-		DE_ACT(("Digital mode not supported: %d\n", mode));
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"Digital mode not supported: %d\n", mode);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -422,6 +421,6 @@ static int dsp_set_digital_mode(struct echoaudio *chip, u8 mode)
 		return err;
 	chip->digital_mode = mode;
 
-	DE_ACT(("set_digital_mode to %d\n", mode));
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "set_digital_mode to %d\n", mode);
 	return incompatible_clock;
 }
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_main.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_main.c
index 229269788023..b4458a630a7c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_main.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1_main.c
@@ -1289,10 +1289,8 @@ static int snd_emu10k1_free(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu)
 	}
 	if (emu->emu1010.firmware_thread)
 		kthread_stop(emu->emu1010.firmware_thread);
-	if (emu->firmware)
-		release_firmware(emu->firmware);
-	if (emu->dock_fw)
-		release_firmware(emu->dock_fw);
+	release_firmware(emu->firmware);
+	release_firmware(emu->dock_fw);
 	if (emu->irq >= 0)
 		free_irq(emu->irq, emu);
 	/* remove reserved page */
@@ -1301,8 +1299,7 @@ static int snd_emu10k1_free(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu)
 			(struct snd_util_memblk *)emu->reserved_page);
 		emu->reserved_page = NULL;
 	}
-	if (emu->memhdr)
-		snd_util_memhdr_free(emu->memhdr);
+	snd_util_memhdr_free(emu->memhdr);
 	if (emu->silent_page.area)
 		snd_dma_free_pages(&emu->silent_page);
 	if (emu->ptb_pages.area)
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
index e223de1408c0..15933f92f63a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable the EMU10K1X soundcard.");
 
 /* From 0x50 - 0x5f, last samples captured */
 
-/**
+/*
  * The hardware has 3 channels for playback and 1 for capture.
  *  - channel 0 is the front channel
  *  - channel 1 is the rear channel
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emufx.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emufx.c
index 745f0627c634..eb5c0aba41c1 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emufx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emufx.c
@@ -777,8 +777,7 @@ static void snd_emu10k1_ctl_private_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 	kctl->private_value = 0;
 	list_del(&ctl->list);
 	kfree(ctl);
-	if (kctl->tlv.p)
-		kfree(kctl->tlv.p);
+	kfree(kctl->tlv.p);
 }
 
 static int snd_emu10k1_add_controls(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumixer.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumixer.c
index c5ae2a24d8a5..1de33025669a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emumixer.c
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ static int snd_emu10k1_spdif_get_mask(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
  * Items labels in enum mixer controls assigning source data to
  * each destination
  */
-static char *emu1010_src_texts[] = { 
+static const char * const emu1010_src_texts[] = {
 	"Silence",
 	"Dock Mic A",
 	"Dock Mic B",
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ static char *emu1010_src_texts[] = {
 
 /* 1616(m) cardbus */
 
-static char *emu1616_src_texts[] = {
+static const char * const emu1616_src_texts[] = {
 	"Silence",
 	"Dock Mic A",
 	"Dock Mic B",
@@ -393,23 +393,11 @@ static int snd_emu1010_input_output_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 						struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
 	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	char **items;
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model == EMU_MODEL_EMU1616) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 49;
-		items = emu1616_src_texts;
-	} else {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 53;
-		items = emu1010_src_texts;
-	}
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       items[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model == EMU_MODEL_EMU1616)
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 49, emu1616_src_texts);
+	else
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 53, emu1010_src_texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_emu1010_output_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -699,19 +687,11 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_emu1010_dac_pads[] = {
 static int snd_emu1010_internal_clock_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = {
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
 		"44100", "48000", "SPDIF", "ADAT"
 	};
 		
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
-	
-	
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_emu1010_internal_clock_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -830,21 +810,15 @@ static int snd_audigy_i2c_capture_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
 #if 0
-	static char *texts[4] = {
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
 		"Unknown1", "Unknown2", "Mic", "Line"
 	};
 #endif
-	static char *texts[2] = {
+	static const char * const texts[2] = {
 		"Mic", "Line"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-                uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_audigy_i2c_capture_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -997,15 +971,9 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_audigy_i2c_volume_ctls[] = {
 #if 0
 static int snd_audigy_spdif_output_rate_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"44100", "48000", "96000"};
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"44100", "48000", "96000"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_audigy_spdif_output_rate_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.c
index a4fe7f0c9458..7ef3898a7806 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/p16v.c
@@ -757,18 +757,12 @@ static int snd_p16v_volume_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_p16v_capture_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[8] = {
+	static const char * const texts[8] = {
 		"SPDIF", "I2S", "SRC48", "SRCMulti_SPDIF", "SRCMulti_I2S",
 		"CDIF", "FX", "AC97"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 8;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 7)
-                uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 7;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 8, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_p16v_capture_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -805,15 +799,9 @@ static int snd_p16v_capture_source_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_p16v_capture_channel_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					 struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = { "0", "1", "2", "3",  };
+	static const char * const texts[4] = { "0", "1", "2", "3", };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3)
-                uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_p16v_capture_channel_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/es1938.c b/sound/pci/es1938.c
index 639962443ccc..0fc46eb4e251 100644
--- a/sound/pci/es1938.c
+++ b/sound/pci/es1938.c
@@ -1045,18 +1045,12 @@ static int snd_es1938_new_pcm(struct es1938 *chip, int device)
 static int snd_es1938_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[8] = {
+	static const char * const texts[8] = {
 		"Mic", "Mic Master", "CD", "AOUT",
 		"Mic1", "Mix", "Line", "Master"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 8;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 7)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 7;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 8, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_es1938_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/es1968.c b/sound/pci/es1968.c
index a9956a7c5677..6039700f8579 100644
--- a/sound/pci/es1968.c
+++ b/sound/pci/es1968.c
@@ -1710,7 +1710,8 @@ static void es1968_measure_clock(struct es1968 *chip)
 	int i, apu;
 	unsigned int pa, offset, t;
 	struct esm_memory *memory;
-	struct timeval start_time, stop_time;
+	ktime_t start_time, stop_time;
+	ktime_t diff;
 
 	if (chip->clock == 0)
 		chip->clock = 48000; /* default clock value */
@@ -1761,12 +1762,12 @@ static void es1968_measure_clock(struct es1968 *chip)
 	snd_es1968_bob_inc(chip, ESM_BOB_FREQ);
 	__apu_set_register(chip, apu, 5, pa & 0xffff);
 	snd_es1968_trigger_apu(chip, apu, ESM_APU_16BITLINEAR);
-	do_gettimeofday(&start_time);
+	start_time = ktime_get();
 	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
 	msleep(50);
 	spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
 	offset = __apu_get_register(chip, apu, 5);
-	do_gettimeofday(&stop_time);
+	stop_time = ktime_get();
 	snd_es1968_trigger_apu(chip, apu, 0); /* stop */
 	snd_es1968_bob_dec(chip);
 	chip->in_measurement = 0;
@@ -1777,12 +1778,8 @@ static void es1968_measure_clock(struct es1968 *chip)
 	offset &= 0xfffe;
 	offset += chip->measure_count * (CLOCK_MEASURE_BUFSIZE/2);
 
-	t = stop_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec;
-	t *= 1000000;
-	if (stop_time.tv_usec < start_time.tv_usec)
-		t -= start_time.tv_usec - stop_time.tv_usec;
-	else
-		t += stop_time.tv_usec - start_time.tv_usec;
+	diff = ktime_sub(stop_time, start_time);
+	t = ktime_to_us(diff);
 	if (t == 0) {
 		dev_err(chip->card->dev, "?? calculation error..\n");
 	} else {
diff --git a/sound/pci/fm801.c b/sound/pci/fm801.c
index c5038303a126..d167afffce5f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/fm801.c
+++ b/sound/pci/fm801.c
@@ -958,17 +958,11 @@ static int snd_fm801_put_double(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_fm801_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			      struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[5] = {
+	static const char * const texts[5] = {
 		"AC97 Primary", "FM", "I2S", "PCM", "AC97 Secondary"
 	};
  
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 4)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 4;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 5, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_fm801_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_auto_parser.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_auto_parser.c
index fcc5e478c9a1..1ede82200ee5 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_auto_parser.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_auto_parser.c
@@ -441,6 +441,13 @@ int snd_hda_parse_pin_defcfg(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_parse_pin_defcfg);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_get_input_pin_attr - Get the input pin attribute from pin config
+ * @def_conf: pin configuration value
+ *
+ * Guess the input pin attribute (INPUT_PIN_ATTR_XXX) from the given
+ * default pin configuration value.
+ */
 int snd_hda_get_input_pin_attr(unsigned int def_conf)
 {
 	unsigned int loc = get_defcfg_location(def_conf);
@@ -464,12 +471,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_get_input_pin_attr);
 
 /**
  * hda_get_input_pin_label - Give a label for the given input pin
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @item: ping config item to refer
+ * @pin: the pin NID
+ * @check_location: flag to add the jack location prefix
  *
- * When check_location is true, the function checks the pin location
+ * When @check_location is true, the function checks the pin location
  * for mic and line-in pins, and set an appropriate prefix like "Front",
  * "Rear", "Internal".
  */
-
 static const char *hda_get_input_pin_label(struct hda_codec *codec,
 					   const struct auto_pin_cfg_item *item,
 					   hda_nid_t pin, bool check_location)
@@ -550,6 +560,9 @@ static int check_mic_location_need(struct hda_codec *codec,
 
 /**
  * hda_get_autocfg_input_label - Get a label for the given input
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @cfg: the parsed pin configuration
+ * @input: the input index number
  *
  * Get a label for the given input pin defined by the autocfg item.
  * Unlike hda_get_input_pin_label(), this function checks all inputs
@@ -677,6 +690,12 @@ static int fill_audio_out_name(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_get_pin_label - Get a label for the given I/O pin
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID
+ * @cfg: the parsed pin configuration
+ * @label: the string buffer to store
+ * @maxlen: the max length of string buffer (including termination)
+ * @indexp: the pointer to return the index number (for multiple ctls)
  *
  * Get a label for the given pin.  This function works for both input and
  * output pins.  When @cfg is given as non-NULL, the function tries to get
@@ -748,6 +767,14 @@ int snd_hda_get_pin_label(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_get_pin_label);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_add_verbs - Add verbs to the init list
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @list: zero-terminated verb list to add
+ *
+ * Append the given verb list to the execution list.  The verbs will be
+ * performed at init and resume time via snd_hda_apply_verbs().
+ */
 int snd_hda_add_verbs(struct hda_codec *codec,
 		      const struct hda_verb *list)
 {
@@ -760,6 +787,10 @@ int snd_hda_add_verbs(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_add_verbs);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_apply_verbs - Execute the init verb lists
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ */
 void snd_hda_apply_verbs(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -770,6 +801,11 @@ void snd_hda_apply_verbs(struct hda_codec *codec)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_apply_verbs);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_apply_pincfgs - Set each pin config in the given list
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @cfg: NULL-terminated pin config table
+ */
 void snd_hda_apply_pincfgs(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			   const struct hda_pintbl *cfg)
 {
@@ -837,6 +873,11 @@ static void apply_fixup(struct hda_codec *codec, int id, int action, int depth)
 	}
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_apply_fixup - Apply the fixup chain with the given action
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @action: fixup action (HDA_FIXUP_ACT_XXX)
+ */
 void snd_hda_apply_fixup(struct hda_codec *codec, int action)
 {
 	if (codec->fixup_list)
@@ -855,6 +896,12 @@ static bool pin_config_match(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	return true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_pick_pin_fixup - Pick up a fixup matching with the pin quirk list
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @pin_quirk: zero-terminated pin quirk list
+ * @fixlist: the fixup list
+ */
 void snd_hda_pick_pin_fixup(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			    const struct snd_hda_pin_quirk *pin_quirk,
 			    const struct hda_fixup *fixlist)
@@ -881,6 +928,21 @@ void snd_hda_pick_pin_fixup(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_pick_pin_fixup);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_pick_fixup - Pick up a fixup matching with PCI/codec SSID or model string
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @models: NULL-terminated model string list
+ * @quirk: zero-terminated PCI/codec SSID quirk list
+ * @fixlist: the fixup list
+ *
+ * Pick up a fixup entry matching with the given model string or SSID.
+ * If a fixup was already set beforehand, the function doesn't do anything.
+ * When a special model string "nofixup" is given, also no fixup is applied.
+ *
+ * The function tries to find the matching model name at first, if given.
+ * If nothing matched, try to look up the PCI SSID.
+ * If still nothing matched, try to look up the codec SSID.
+ */
 void snd_hda_pick_fixup(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			const struct hda_model_fixup *models,
 			const struct snd_pci_quirk *quirk,
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_beep.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_beep.c
index 8c6c50afc0b7..1e7de08e77cb 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_beep.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_beep.c
@@ -175,6 +175,11 @@ static int snd_hda_do_attach(struct hda_beep *beep)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_enable_beep_device - Turn on/off beep sound
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @enable: flag to turn on/off
+ */
 int snd_hda_enable_beep_device(struct hda_codec *codec, int enable)
 {
 	struct hda_beep *beep = codec->beep;
@@ -191,6 +196,20 @@ int snd_hda_enable_beep_device(struct hda_codec *codec, int enable)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_enable_beep_device);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_attach_beep_device - Attach a beep input device
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: beep NID
+ *
+ * Attach a beep object to the given widget.  If beep hint is turned off
+ * explicitly or beep_mode of the codec is turned off, this doesn't nothing.
+ *
+ * The attached beep device has to be registered via
+ * snd_hda_register_beep_device() and released via snd_hda_detach_beep_device()
+ * appropriately.
+ *
+ * Currently, only one beep device is allowed to each codec.
+ */
 int snd_hda_attach_beep_device(struct hda_codec *codec, int nid)
 {
 	struct hda_beep *beep;
@@ -228,6 +247,10 @@ int snd_hda_attach_beep_device(struct hda_codec *codec, int nid)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_attach_beep_device);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_detach_beep_device - Detach the beep device
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ */
 void snd_hda_detach_beep_device(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	struct hda_beep *beep = codec->beep;
@@ -240,6 +263,10 @@ void snd_hda_detach_beep_device(struct hda_codec *codec)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_detach_beep_device);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_register_beep_device - Register the beep device
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ */
 int snd_hda_register_beep_device(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	struct hda_beep *beep = codec->beep;
@@ -269,6 +296,12 @@ static bool ctl_has_mute(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol)
 }
 
 /* get/put callbacks for beep mute mixer switches */
+
+/**
+ * snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_get_beep - Get callback for beep controls
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
+ */
 int snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_get_beep(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				      struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
@@ -283,6 +316,11 @@ int snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_get_beep(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_get_beep);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_put_beep - Put callback for beep controls
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
+ */
 int snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_put_beep(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				      struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_codec.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_codec.c
index 15e0089492f7..2fe86d2e1b09 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_codec.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_codec.c
@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ static struct hda_vendor_id hda_vendor_ids[] = {
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(preset_mutex);
 static LIST_HEAD(hda_preset_tables);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_add_codec_preset - Add a codec preset to the chain
+ * @preset: codec preset table to add
+ */
 int snd_hda_add_codec_preset(struct hda_codec_preset_list *preset)
 {
 	mutex_lock(&preset_mutex);
@@ -86,6 +90,10 @@ int snd_hda_add_codec_preset(struct hda_codec_preset_list *preset)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_add_codec_preset);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_delete_codec_preset - Delete a codec preset from the chain
+ * @preset: codec preset table to delete
+ */
 int snd_hda_delete_codec_preset(struct hda_codec_preset_list *preset)
 {
 	mutex_lock(&preset_mutex);
@@ -338,8 +346,10 @@ int snd_hda_get_sub_nodes(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 	unsigned int parm;
 
 	parm = snd_hda_param_read(codec, nid, AC_PAR_NODE_COUNT);
-	if (parm == -1)
+	if (parm == -1) {
+		*start_id = 0;
 		return 0;
+	}
 	*start_id = (parm >> 16) & 0x7fff;
 	return (int)(parm & 0x7fff);
 }
@@ -416,7 +426,6 @@ static int read_and_add_raw_conns(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
  * snd_hda_get_conn_list - get connection list
  * @codec: the HDA codec
  * @nid: NID to parse
- * @len: number of connection list entries
  * @listp: the pointer to store NID list
  *
  * Parses the connection list of the given widget and stores the pointer
@@ -827,8 +836,7 @@ static void snd_hda_bus_free(struct hda_bus *bus)
 	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&bus->codec_list));
 	if (bus->workq)
 		flush_workqueue(bus->workq);
-	if (bus->unsol)
-		kfree(bus->unsol);
+	kfree(bus->unsol);
 	if (bus->ops.private_free)
 		bus->ops.private_free(bus);
 	if (bus->workq)
@@ -966,14 +974,12 @@ find_codec_preset(struct hda_codec *codec)
 	mutex_unlock(&preset_mutex);
 
 	if (mod_requested < HDA_MODREQ_MAX_COUNT) {
-		char name[32];
 		if (!mod_requested)
-			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "snd-hda-codec-id:%08x",
-				 codec->vendor_id);
+			request_module("snd-hda-codec-id:%08x",
+				       codec->vendor_id);
 		else
-			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "snd-hda-codec-id:%04x*",
-				 (codec->vendor_id >> 16) & 0xffff);
-		request_module(name);
+			request_module("snd-hda-codec-id:%04x*",
+				       (codec->vendor_id >> 16) & 0xffff);
 		mod_requested++;
 		goto again;
 	}
@@ -1190,7 +1196,16 @@ unsigned int snd_hda_codec_get_pincfg(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_codec_get_pincfg);
 
-/* remember the current pinctl target value */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_set_pin_target - remember the current pinctl target value
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID
+ * @val: assigned pinctl value
+ *
+ * This function stores the given value to a pinctl target value in the
+ * pincfg table.  This isn't always as same as the actually written value
+ * but can be referred at any time via snd_hda_codec_get_pin_target().
+ */
 int snd_hda_codec_set_pin_target(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 				 unsigned int val)
 {
@@ -1204,7 +1219,11 @@ int snd_hda_codec_set_pin_target(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_codec_set_pin_target);
 
-/* return the current pinctl target value */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_get_pin_target - return the current pinctl target value
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID
+ */
 int snd_hda_codec_get_pin_target(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
 {
 	struct hda_pincfg *pin;
@@ -1576,6 +1595,13 @@ int snd_hda_codec_new(struct hda_bus *bus,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_codec_new);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_update_widgets - Refresh widget caps and pin defaults
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ *
+ * Forcibly refresh the all widget caps and the init pin configurations of
+ * the given codec.
+ */
 int snd_hda_codec_update_widgets(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	hda_nid_t fg;
@@ -2006,6 +2032,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(query_amp_caps);
  * @codec: the HD-audio codec
  * @nid: the NID to query
  * @dir: either #HDA_INPUT or #HDA_OUTPUT
+ * @bits: bit mask to check the result
  *
  * Check whether the widget has the given amp capability for the direction.
  */
@@ -2025,7 +2052,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_check_amp_caps);
  * snd_hda_override_amp_caps - Override the AMP capabilities
  * @codec: the CODEC to clean up
  * @nid: the NID to clean up
- * @direction: either #HDA_INPUT or #HDA_OUTPUT
+ * @dir: either #HDA_INPUT or #HDA_OUTPUT
  * @caps: the capability bits to set
  *
  * Override the cached AMP caps bits value by the given one.
@@ -2241,7 +2268,17 @@ int snd_hda_codec_amp_stereo(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_codec_amp_stereo);
 
-/* Works like snd_hda_codec_amp_update() but it writes the value only at
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_amp_init - initialize the AMP value
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: NID to read the AMP value
+ * @ch: channel (left=0 or right=1)
+ * @dir: #HDA_INPUT or #HDA_OUTPUT
+ * @idx: the index value (only for input direction)
+ * @mask: bit mask to set
+ * @val: the bits value to set
+ *
+ * Works like snd_hda_codec_amp_update() but it writes the value only at
  * the first access.  If the amp was already initialized / updated beforehand,
  * this does nothing.
  */
@@ -2252,6 +2289,17 @@ int snd_hda_codec_amp_init(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid, int ch,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_codec_amp_init);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_amp_init_stereo - initialize the stereo AMP value
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: NID to read the AMP value
+ * @dir: #HDA_INPUT or #HDA_OUTPUT
+ * @idx: the index value (only for input direction)
+ * @mask: bit mask to set
+ * @val: the bits value to set
+ *
+ * Call snd_hda_codec_amp_init() for both stereo channels.
+ */
 int snd_hda_codec_amp_init_stereo(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 				  int dir, int idx, int mask, int val)
 {
@@ -2322,6 +2370,8 @@ static u32 get_amp_max_value(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid, int dir,
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_amp_volume_info - Info callback for a standard AMP mixer
+ * @kcontrol: referred ctl element
+ * @uinfo: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_COMPOSE_AMP_VAL*() or related macros.
@@ -2383,6 +2433,8 @@ update_amp_value(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_amp_volume_get - Get callback for a standard AMP mixer volume
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_COMPOSE_AMP_VAL*() or related macros.
@@ -2408,6 +2460,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_amp_volume_get);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_amp_volume_put - Put callback for a standard AMP mixer volume
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_COMPOSE_AMP_VAL*() or related macros.
@@ -2438,6 +2492,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_amp_volume_put);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_amp_volume_put - TLV callback for a standard AMP mixer volume
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @op_flag: operation flag
+ * @size: byte size of input TLV
+ * @_tlv: TLV data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_COMPOSE_AMP_VAL*() or related macros.
@@ -2636,7 +2694,10 @@ void snd_hda_ctls_clear(struct hda_codec *codec)
 	snd_array_free(&codec->nids);
 }
 
-/* pseudo device locking
+/**
+ * snd_hda_lock_devices - pseudo device locking
+ * @bus: the BUS
+ *
  * toggle card->shutdown to allow/disallow the device access (as a hack)
  */
 int snd_hda_lock_devices(struct hda_bus *bus)
@@ -2673,6 +2734,10 @@ int snd_hda_lock_devices(struct hda_bus *bus)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_lock_devices);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_unlock_devices - pseudo device unlocking
+ * @bus: the BUS
+ */
 void snd_hda_unlock_devices(struct hda_bus *bus)
 {
 	struct snd_card *card = bus->card;
@@ -2859,7 +2924,7 @@ static int add_slave(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 
 /**
- * snd_hda_add_vmaster - create a virtual master control and add slaves
+ * __snd_hda_add_vmaster - create a virtual master control and add slaves
  * @codec: HD-audio codec
  * @name: vmaster control name
  * @tlv: TLV data (optional)
@@ -2927,16 +2992,8 @@ static int vmaster_mute_mode_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	static const char * const texts[] = {
 		"On", "Off", "Follow Master"
 	};
-	unsigned int index;
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	index = uinfo->value.enumerated.item;
-	if (index >= 3)
-		index = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[index]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int vmaster_mute_mode_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -2970,10 +3027,15 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new vmaster_mute_mode = {
 	.put = vmaster_mute_mode_put,
 };
 
-/*
- * Add a mute-LED hook with the given vmaster switch kctl
- * "Mute-LED Mode" control is automatically created and associated with
- * the given hook.
+/**
+ * snd_hda_add_vmaster_hook - Add a vmaster hook for mute-LED
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @hook: the vmaster hook object
+ * @expose_enum_ctl: flag to create an enum ctl
+ *
+ * Add a mute-LED hook with the given vmaster switch kctl.
+ * When @expose_enum_ctl is set, "Mute-LED Mode" control is automatically
+ * created and associated with the given hook.
  */
 int snd_hda_add_vmaster_hook(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			     struct hda_vmaster_mute_hook *hook,
@@ -2995,9 +3057,12 @@ int snd_hda_add_vmaster_hook(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_add_vmaster_hook);
 
-/*
- * Call the hook with the current value for synchronization
- * Should be called in init callback
+/**
+ * snd_hda_sync_vmaster_hook - Sync vmaster hook
+ * @hook: the vmaster hook
+ *
+ * Call the hook with the current value for synchronization.
+ * Should be called in init callback.
  */
 void snd_hda_sync_vmaster_hook(struct hda_vmaster_mute_hook *hook)
 {
@@ -3022,6 +3087,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_sync_vmaster_hook);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_info - Info callback for a standard AMP mixer switch
+ * @kcontrol: referred ctl element
+ * @uinfo: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_COMPOSE_AMP_VAL*() or related macros.
@@ -3041,6 +3108,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_info);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_get - Get callback for a standard AMP mixer switch
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_COMPOSE_AMP_VAL*() or related macros.
@@ -3067,6 +3136,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_get);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_put - Put callback for a standard AMP mixer switch
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_COMPOSE_AMP_VAL*() or related macros.
@@ -3110,6 +3181,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_amp_switch_put);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_bind_switch_get - Get callback for a bound volume control
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_BIND_MUTE*() macros.
@@ -3133,6 +3206,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_bind_switch_get);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_bind_switch_put - Put callback for a bound volume control
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_BIND_MUTE*() macros.
@@ -3163,6 +3238,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_bind_switch_put);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_bind_ctls_info - Info callback for a generic bound control
+ * @kcontrol: referred ctl element
+ * @uinfo: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_BIND_VOL() or HDA_BIND_SW() macros.
@@ -3186,6 +3263,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_bind_ctls_info);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_bind_ctls_get - Get callback for a generic bound control
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_BIND_VOL() or HDA_BIND_SW() macros.
@@ -3209,6 +3288,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_bind_ctls_get);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_bind_ctls_put - Put callback for a generic bound control
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_BIND_VOL() or HDA_BIND_SW() macros.
@@ -3238,6 +3319,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_mixer_bind_ctls_put);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_mixer_bind_tlv - TLV callback for a generic bound control
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @op_flag: operation flag
+ * @size: byte size of input TLV
+ * @tlv: TLV data
  *
  * The control element is supposed to have the private_value field
  * set up via HDA_BIND_VOL() macro.
@@ -3579,7 +3664,11 @@ int snd_hda_create_dig_out_ctls(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_create_dig_out_ctls);
 
-/* get the hda_spdif_out entry from the given NID
+/**
+ * snd_hda_spdif_out_of_nid - get the hda_spdif_out entry from the given NID
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: widget NID
+ *
  * call within spdif_mutex lock
  */
 struct hda_spdif_out *snd_hda_spdif_out_of_nid(struct hda_codec *codec,
@@ -3596,6 +3685,13 @@ struct hda_spdif_out *snd_hda_spdif_out_of_nid(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_spdif_out_of_nid);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_spdif_ctls_unassign - Unassign the given SPDIF ctl
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @idx: the SPDIF ctl index
+ *
+ * Unassign the widget from the given SPDIF control.
+ */
 void snd_hda_spdif_ctls_unassign(struct hda_codec *codec, int idx)
 {
 	struct hda_spdif_out *spdif;
@@ -3607,6 +3703,14 @@ void snd_hda_spdif_ctls_unassign(struct hda_codec *codec, int idx)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_spdif_ctls_unassign);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_spdif_ctls_assign - Assign the SPDIF controls to the given NID
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @idx: the SPDIF ctl idx
+ * @nid: widget NID
+ *
+ * Assign the widget to the SPDIF control with the given index.
+ */
 void snd_hda_spdif_ctls_assign(struct hda_codec *codec, int idx, hda_nid_t nid)
 {
 	struct hda_spdif_out *spdif;
@@ -3926,6 +4030,16 @@ void snd_hda_codec_flush_cache(struct hda_codec *codec)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_codec_flush_cache);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_set_power_to_all - Set the power state to all widgets
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @fg: function group (not used now)
+ * @power_state: the power state to set (AC_PWRST_*)
+ *
+ * Set the given power state to all widgets that have the power control.
+ * If the codec has power_filter set, it evaluates the power state and
+ * filter out if it's unchanged as D3.
+ */
 void snd_hda_codec_set_power_to_all(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t fg,
 				    unsigned int power_state)
 {
@@ -3990,7 +4104,15 @@ static unsigned int hda_sync_power_state(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	return state;
 }
 
-/* don't power down the widget if it controls eapd and EAPD_BTLENABLE is set */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_eapd_power_filter - A power filter callback for EAPD
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: widget NID
+ * @power_state: power state to evalue
+ *
+ * Don't power down the widget if it controls eapd and EAPD_BTLENABLE is set.
+ * This can be used a codec power_filter callback.
+ */
 unsigned int snd_hda_codec_eapd_power_filter(struct hda_codec *codec,
 					     hda_nid_t nid,
 					     unsigned int power_state)
@@ -4315,6 +4437,7 @@ static struct hda_rate_tbl rate_bits[] = {
  * @channels: the number of channels
  * @format: the PCM format (SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_XXX)
  * @maxbps: the max. bps
+ * @spdif_ctls: HD-audio SPDIF status bits (0 if irrelevant)
  *
  * Calculate the format bitset from the given rate, channels and th PCM format.
  *
@@ -4650,6 +4773,17 @@ static int set_pcm_default_values(struct hda_codec *codec,
 /*
  * codec prepare/cleanup entries
  */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_prepare - Prepare a stream
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @hinfo: PCM information
+ * @stream: stream tag to assign
+ * @format: format id to assign
+ * @substream: PCM substream to assign
+ *
+ * Calls the prepare callback set by the codec with the given arguments.
+ * Clean up the inactive streams when successful.
+ */
 int snd_hda_codec_prepare(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			  struct hda_pcm_stream *hinfo,
 			  unsigned int stream,
@@ -4666,6 +4800,14 @@ int snd_hda_codec_prepare(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_codec_prepare);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_codec_cleanup - Prepare a stream
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @hinfo: PCM information
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * Calls the cleanup callback set by the codec with the given arguments.
+ */
 void snd_hda_codec_cleanup(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			   struct hda_pcm_stream *hinfo,
 			   struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
@@ -4990,6 +5132,7 @@ static void __snd_hda_power_down(struct hda_codec *codec)
  * snd_hda_power_save - Power-up/down/sync the codec
  * @codec: HD-audio codec
  * @delta: the counter delta to change
+ * @d3wait: sync for D3 transition complete
  *
  * Change the power-up counter via @delta, and power up or down the hardware
  * appropriately.  For the power-down, queue to the delayed action.
@@ -5065,6 +5208,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_check_amp_list_power);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_ch_mode_info - Info callback helper for the channel mode enum
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @uinfo: pointer to get/store the data
+ * @chmode: channel mode array
+ * @num_chmodes: channel mode array size
  */
 int snd_hda_ch_mode_info(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			 struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo,
@@ -5084,6 +5231,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_ch_mode_info);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_ch_mode_get - Get callback helper for the channel mode enum
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
+ * @chmode: channel mode array
+ * @num_chmodes: channel mode array size
+ * @max_channels: max number of channels
  */
 int snd_hda_ch_mode_get(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol,
@@ -5105,6 +5257,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_ch_mode_get);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_ch_mode_put - Put callback helper for the channel mode enum
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
+ * @chmode: channel mode array
+ * @num_chmodes: channel mode array size
+ * @max_channelsp: pointer to store the max channels
  */
 int snd_hda_ch_mode_put(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol,
@@ -5133,6 +5290,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_ch_mode_put);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_input_mux_info_info - Info callback helper for the input-mux enum
+ * @imux: imux helper object
+ * @uinfo: pointer to get/store the data
  */
 int snd_hda_input_mux_info(const struct hda_input_mux *imux,
 			   struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
@@ -5154,6 +5313,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_input_mux_info);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_input_mux_info_put - Put callback helper for the input-mux enum
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @imux: imux helper object
+ * @ucontrol: pointer to get/store the data
+ * @nid: input mux NID
+ * @cur_val: pointer to get/store the current imux value
  */
 int snd_hda_input_mux_put(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			  const struct hda_input_mux *imux,
@@ -5178,7 +5342,13 @@ int snd_hda_input_mux_put(struct hda_codec *codec,
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_input_mux_put);
 
 
-/*
+/**
+ * snd_hda_enum_helper_info - Helper for simple enum ctls
+ * @kcontrol: ctl element
+ * @uinfo: pointer to get/store the data
+ * @num_items: number of enum items
+ * @texts: enum item string array
+ *
  * process kcontrol info callback of a simple string enum array
  * when @num_items is 0 or @texts is NULL, assume a boolean enum array
  */
@@ -5195,14 +5365,7 @@ int snd_hda_enum_helper_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		texts = texts_default;
 	}
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = num_items;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, num_items, texts);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_enum_helper_info);
 
@@ -5274,6 +5437,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_bus_reboot_notify);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_multi_out_dig_open - open the digital out in the exclusive mode
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @mout: hda_multi_out object
  */
 int snd_hda_multi_out_dig_open(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			       struct hda_multi_out *mout)
@@ -5290,6 +5455,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_multi_out_dig_open);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_multi_out_dig_prepare - prepare the digital out stream
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @mout: hda_multi_out object
+ * @stream_tag: stream tag to assign
+ * @format: format id to assign
+ * @substream: PCM substream to assign
  */
 int snd_hda_multi_out_dig_prepare(struct hda_codec *codec,
 				  struct hda_multi_out *mout,
@@ -5306,6 +5476,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_multi_out_dig_prepare);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_multi_out_dig_cleanup - clean-up the digital out stream
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @mout: hda_multi_out object
  */
 int snd_hda_multi_out_dig_cleanup(struct hda_codec *codec,
 				  struct hda_multi_out *mout)
@@ -5319,6 +5491,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_multi_out_dig_cleanup);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_multi_out_dig_close - release the digital out stream
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @mout: hda_multi_out object
  */
 int snd_hda_multi_out_dig_close(struct hda_codec *codec,
 				struct hda_multi_out *mout)
@@ -5332,6 +5506,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_multi_out_dig_close);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_multi_out_analog_open - open analog outputs
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @mout: hda_multi_out object
+ * @substream: PCM substream to assign
+ * @hinfo: PCM information to assign
  *
  * Open analog outputs and set up the hw-constraints.
  * If the digital outputs can be opened as slave, open the digital
@@ -5382,6 +5560,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_multi_out_analog_open);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_multi_out_analog_prepare - Preapre the analog outputs.
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @mout: hda_multi_out object
+ * @stream_tag: stream tag to assign
+ * @format: format id to assign
+ * @substream: PCM substream to assign
  *
  * Set up the i/o for analog out.
  * When the digital out is available, copy the front out to digital out, too.
@@ -5459,6 +5642,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_multi_out_analog_prepare);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_multi_out_analog_cleanup - clean up the setting for analog out
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @mout: hda_multi_out object
  */
 int snd_hda_multi_out_analog_cleanup(struct hda_codec *codec,
 				     struct hda_multi_out *mout)
@@ -5490,6 +5675,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_multi_out_analog_cleanup);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_get_default_vref - Get the default (mic) VREF pin bits
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @pin: referred pin NID
  *
  * Guess the suitable VREF pin bits to be set as the pin-control value.
  * Note: the function doesn't set the AC_PINCTL_IN_EN bit.
@@ -5515,7 +5702,12 @@ unsigned int snd_hda_get_default_vref(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t pin)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_get_default_vref);
 
-/* correct the pin ctl value for matching with the pin cap */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_correct_pin_ctl - correct the pin ctl value for matching with the pin cap
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @pin: referred pin NID
+ * @val: pin ctl value to audit
+ */
 unsigned int snd_hda_correct_pin_ctl(struct hda_codec *codec,
 				     hda_nid_t pin, unsigned int val)
 {
@@ -5566,6 +5758,19 @@ unsigned int snd_hda_correct_pin_ctl(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_correct_pin_ctl);
 
+/**
+ * _snd_hda_pin_ctl - Helper to set pin ctl value
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @pin: referred pin NID
+ * @val: pin control value to set
+ * @cached: access over codec pinctl cache or direct write
+ *
+ * This function is a helper to set a pin ctl value more safely.
+ * It corrects the pin ctl value via snd_hda_correct_pin_ctl(), stores the
+ * value in pin target array via snd_hda_codec_set_pin_target(), then
+ * actually writes the value via either snd_hda_codec_update_cache() or
+ * snd_hda_codec_write() depending on @cached flag.
+ */
 int _snd_hda_set_pin_ctl(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t pin,
 			 unsigned int val, bool cached)
 {
@@ -5582,6 +5787,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_snd_hda_set_pin_ctl);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_add_imux_item - Add an item to input_mux
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @imux: imux helper object
+ * @label: the name of imux item to assign
+ * @index: index number of imux item to assign
+ * @type_idx: pointer to store the resultant label index
  *
  * When the same label is used already in the existing items, the number
  * suffix is appended to the label.  This label index number is stored
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_eld.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_eld.c
index e1cd34d9011d..0e6d7534f491 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_eld.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_eld.c
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ error:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-/**
+/*
  * SNDRV_PCM_RATE_* and AC_PAR_PCM values don't match, print correct rates with
  * hdmi-specific routine.
  */
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_generic.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_generic.c
index 64220c08bd98..63b69f750d8e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_generic.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_generic.c
@@ -40,7 +40,12 @@
 #include "hda_generic.h"
 
 
-/* initialize hda_gen_spec struct */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_spec_init - initialize hda_gen_spec struct
+ * @spec: hda_gen_spec object to initialize
+ *
+ * Initialize the given hda_gen_spec object.
+ */
 int snd_hda_gen_spec_init(struct hda_gen_spec *spec)
 {
 	snd_array_init(&spec->kctls, sizeof(struct snd_kcontrol_new), 32);
@@ -51,6 +56,17 @@ int snd_hda_gen_spec_init(struct hda_gen_spec *spec)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_gen_spec_init);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_add_kctl - Add a new kctl_new struct from the template
+ * @spec: hda_gen_spec object
+ * @name: name string to override the template, NULL if unchanged
+ * @temp: template for the new kctl
+ *
+ * Add a new kctl (actually snd_kcontrol_new to be instantiated later)
+ * element based on the given snd_kcontrol_new template @temp and the
+ * name string @name to the list in @spec.
+ * Returns the newly created object or NULL as error.
+ */
 struct snd_kcontrol_new *
 snd_hda_gen_add_kctl(struct hda_gen_spec *spec, const char *name,
 		     const struct snd_kcontrol_new *temp)
@@ -259,8 +275,14 @@ static struct nid_path *get_nid_path(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-/* get the path between the given NIDs;
- * passing 0 to either @pin or @dac behaves as a wildcard
+/**
+ * snd_hda_get_nid_path - get the path between the given NIDs
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @from_nid: the NID where the path start from
+ * @to_nid: the NID where the path ends at
+ *
+ * Return the found nid_path object or NULL for error.
+ * Passing 0 to either @from_nid or @to_nid behaves as a wildcard.
  */
 struct nid_path *snd_hda_get_nid_path(struct hda_codec *codec,
 				      hda_nid_t from_nid, hda_nid_t to_nid)
@@ -269,8 +291,14 @@ struct nid_path *snd_hda_get_nid_path(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_get_nid_path);
 
-/* get the index number corresponding to the path instance;
- * the index starts from 1, for easier checking the invalid value
+/**
+ * snd_hda_get_path_idx - get the index number corresponding to the path
+ * instance
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @path: nid_path object
+ *
+ * The returned index starts from 1, i.e. the actual array index with offset 1,
+ * and zero is handled as an invalid path
  */
 int snd_hda_get_path_idx(struct hda_codec *codec, struct nid_path *path)
 {
@@ -287,7 +315,12 @@ int snd_hda_get_path_idx(struct hda_codec *codec, struct nid_path *path)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_get_path_idx);
 
-/* get the path instance corresponding to the given index number */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_get_path_from_idx - get the path instance corresponding to the
+ * given index number
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @idx: the path index
+ */
 struct nid_path *snd_hda_get_path_from_idx(struct hda_codec *codec, int idx)
 {
 	struct hda_gen_spec *spec = codec->spec;
@@ -415,7 +448,18 @@ static bool __parse_nid_path(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	return true;
 }
 
-/* parse the widget path from the given nid to the target nid;
+/**
+ * snd_hda_parse_nid_path - parse the widget path from the given nid to
+ * the target nid
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @from_nid: the NID where the path start from
+ * @to_nid: the NID where the path ends at
+ * @anchor_nid: the anchor indication
+ * @path: the path object to store the result
+ *
+ * Returns true if a matching path is found.
+ *
+ * The parsing behavior depends on parameters:
  * when @from_nid is 0, try to find an empty DAC;
  * when @anchor_nid is set to a positive value, only paths through the widget
  * with the given value are evaluated.
@@ -436,9 +480,15 @@ bool snd_hda_parse_nid_path(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t from_nid,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_parse_nid_path);
 
-/*
- * parse the path between the given NIDs and add to the path list.
- * if no valid path is found, return NULL
+/**
+ * snd_hda_add_new_path - parse the path between the given NIDs and
+ * add to the path list
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @from_nid: the NID where the path start from
+ * @to_nid: the NID where the path ends at
+ * @anchor_nid: the anchor indication, see snd_hda_parse_nid_path()
+ *
+ * If no valid path is found, returns NULL.
  */
 struct nid_path *
 snd_hda_add_new_path(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t from_nid,
@@ -724,8 +774,14 @@ static void activate_amp_in(struct hda_codec *codec, struct nid_path *path,
 	}
 }
 
-/* activate or deactivate the given path
- * if @add_aamix is set, enable the input from aa-mix NID as well (if any)
+/**
+ * snd_hda_activate_path - activate or deactivate the given path
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @path: the path to activate/deactivate
+ * @enable: flag to activate or not
+ * @add_aamix: enable the input from aamix NID
+ *
+ * If @add_aamix is set, enable the input from aa-mix NID as well (if any).
  */
 void snd_hda_activate_path(struct hda_codec *codec, struct nid_path *path,
 			   bool enable, bool add_aamix)
@@ -1038,11 +1094,24 @@ static const char *get_line_out_pfx(struct hda_codec *codec, int ch,
 			break;
 		*index = ch;
 		return "Headphone";
+	case AUTO_PIN_LINE_OUT:
+		/* This deals with the case where we have two DACs and
+		 * one LO, one HP and one Speaker */
+		if (!ch && cfg->speaker_outs && cfg->hp_outs) {
+			bool hp_lo_shared = !path_has_mixer(codec, spec->hp_paths[0], ctl_type);
+			bool spk_lo_shared = !path_has_mixer(codec, spec->speaker_paths[0], ctl_type);
+			if (hp_lo_shared && spk_lo_shared)
+				return spec->vmaster_mute.hook ? "PCM" : "Master";
+			if (hp_lo_shared)
+				return "Headphone+LO";
+			if (spk_lo_shared)
+				return "Speaker+LO";
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* for a single channel output, we don't have to name the channel */
 	if (cfg->line_outs == 1 && !spec->multi_ios)
-		return "PCM";
+		return "Line Out";
 
 	if (ch >= ARRAY_SIZE(channel_name)) {
 		snd_BUG();
@@ -3870,7 +3939,12 @@ static void do_automute(struct hda_codec *codec, int num_pins, hda_nid_t *pins,
 	}
 }
 
-/* Toggle outputs muting */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_update_outputs - Toggle outputs muting
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ *
+ * Update the mute status of all outputs based on the current jack states.
+ */
 void snd_hda_gen_update_outputs(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	struct hda_gen_spec *spec = codec->spec;
@@ -3931,7 +4005,11 @@ static void call_update_outputs(struct hda_codec *codec)
 		snd_ctl_sync_vmaster(spec->vmaster_mute.sw_kctl, false);
 }
 
-/* standard HP-automute helper */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_hp_automute - standard HP-automute helper
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @jack: jack object, NULL for the whole
+ */
 void snd_hda_gen_hp_automute(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			     struct hda_jack_callback *jack)
 {
@@ -3952,7 +4030,11 @@ void snd_hda_gen_hp_automute(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_gen_hp_automute);
 
-/* standard line-out-automute helper */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_line_automute - standard line-out-automute helper
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @jack: jack object, NULL for the whole
+ */
 void snd_hda_gen_line_automute(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			       struct hda_jack_callback *jack)
 {
@@ -3973,7 +4055,11 @@ void snd_hda_gen_line_automute(struct hda_codec *codec,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_gen_line_automute);
 
-/* standard mic auto-switch helper */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_mic_autoswitch - standard mic auto-switch helper
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @jack: jack object, NULL for the whole
+ */
 void snd_hda_gen_mic_autoswitch(struct hda_codec *codec,
 				struct hda_jack_callback *jack)
 {
@@ -4305,7 +4391,13 @@ static int check_auto_mic_availability(struct hda_codec *codec)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* power_filter hook; make inactive widgets into power down */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_path_power_filter - power_filter hook to make inactive widgets
+ * into power down
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: NID to evalute
+ * @power_state: target power state
+ */
 unsigned int snd_hda_gen_path_power_filter(struct hda_codec *codec,
 						  hda_nid_t nid,
 						  unsigned int power_state)
@@ -4341,8 +4433,11 @@ static void mute_all_mixer_nid(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t mix)
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * Parse the given BIOS configuration and set up the hda_gen_spec
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_parse_auto_config - Parse the given BIOS configuration and
+ * set up the hda_gen_spec
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @cfg: Parsed pin configuration
  *
  * return 1 if successful, 0 if the proper config is not found,
  * or a negative error code
@@ -4524,10 +4619,16 @@ static const char * const slave_pfxs[] = {
 	"CLFE", "Bass Speaker", "PCM",
 	"Speaker Front", "Speaker Surround", "Speaker CLFE", "Speaker Side",
 	"Headphone Front", "Headphone Surround", "Headphone CLFE",
-	"Headphone Side",
+	"Headphone Side", "Headphone+LO", "Speaker+LO",
 	NULL,
 };
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_build_controls - Build controls from the parsed results
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ *
+ * Pass this to build_controls patch_ops.
+ */
 int snd_hda_gen_build_controls(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	struct hda_gen_spec *spec = codec->spec;
@@ -5005,7 +5106,12 @@ static void fill_pcm_stream_name(char *str, size_t len, const char *sfx,
 	strlcat(str, sfx, len);
 }
 
-/* build PCM streams based on the parsed results */
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_build_pcms - build PCM streams based on the parsed results
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ *
+ * Pass this to build_pcms patch_ops.
+ */
 int snd_hda_gen_build_pcms(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	struct hda_gen_spec *spec = codec->spec;
@@ -5300,9 +5406,11 @@ static void clear_unsol_on_unused_pins(struct hda_codec *codec)
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * initialize the generic spec;
- * this can be put as patch_ops.init function
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_init - initialize the generic spec
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ *
+ * This can be put as patch_ops init function.
  */
 int snd_hda_gen_init(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
@@ -5338,9 +5446,11 @@ int snd_hda_gen_init(struct hda_codec *codec)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_gen_init);
 
-/*
- * free the generic spec;
- * this can be put as patch_ops.free function
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_free - free the generic spec
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ *
+ * This can be put as patch_ops free function.
  */
 void snd_hda_gen_free(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
@@ -5352,9 +5462,12 @@ void snd_hda_gen_free(struct hda_codec *codec)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_gen_free);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM
-/*
- * check the loopback power save state;
- * this can be put as patch_ops.check_power_status function
+/**
+ * snd_hda_gen_check_power_status - check the loopback power save state
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: NID to inspect
+ *
+ * This can be put as patch_ops check_power_status function.
  */
 int snd_hda_gen_check_power_status(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
 {
@@ -5380,6 +5493,12 @@ static const struct hda_codec_ops generic_patch_ops = {
 #endif
 };
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_parse_generic_codec - Generic codec parser
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ *
+ * This should be called from the HDA codec core.
+ */
 int snd_hda_parse_generic_codec(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	struct hda_gen_spec *spec;
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
index 16660f312043..5ac0d39d59bc 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(align_buffer_size,
 		"Force buffer and period sizes to be multiple of 128 bytes.");
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
-static bool hda_snoop = true;
-module_param_named(snoop, hda_snoop, bool, 0444);
+static int hda_snoop = -1;
+module_param_named(snoop, hda_snoop, bint, 0444);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(snoop, "Enable/disable snooping");
 #else
 #define hda_snoop		true
@@ -272,42 +272,56 @@ enum {
 	AZX_NUM_DRIVERS, /* keep this as last entry */
 };
 
+#define azx_get_snoop_type(chip) \
+	(((chip)->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_MASK) >> 10)
+#define AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_TYPE(type) ((AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_ ## type) << 10)
+
+/* quirks for old Intel chipsets */
+#define AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH \
+	(AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC | AZX_DCAPS_NO_ALIGN_BUFSIZE)
+
 /* quirks for Intel PCH */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_PCH_NOPM \
-	(AZX_DCAPS_SCH_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE | \
-	 AZX_DCAPS_COUNT_LPIB_DELAY | AZX_DCAPS_REVERSE_ASSIGN)
+	(AZX_DCAPS_NO_ALIGN_BUFSIZE | AZX_DCAPS_COUNT_LPIB_DELAY |\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_REVERSE_ASSIGN | AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_TYPE(SCH))
 
 #define AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_PCH \
 	(AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_PCH_NOPM | AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME)
 
 #define AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_HASWELL \
-	(AZX_DCAPS_SCH_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE | \
-	 AZX_DCAPS_COUNT_LPIB_DELAY | AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME | \
-	 AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL)
+	(/*AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE |*/ AZX_DCAPS_COUNT_LPIB_DELAY |\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME | AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL |\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_TYPE(SCH))
 
 /* Broadwell HDMI can't use position buffer reliably, force to use LPIB */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_BROADWELL \
-	(AZX_DCAPS_SCH_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE | \
-	 AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB | AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME | \
-	 AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL)
+	(/*AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE |*/ AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB |\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME | AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL |\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_TYPE(SCH))
 
 /* quirks for ATI SB / AMD Hudson */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_SB \
-	(AZX_DCAPS_ATI_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_NO_TCSEL | \
-	 AZX_DCAPS_SYNC_WRITE | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB)
+	(AZX_DCAPS_NO_TCSEL | AZX_DCAPS_SYNC_WRITE | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB |\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_TYPE(ATI))
 
 /* quirks for ATI/AMD HDMI */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI \
-	(AZX_DCAPS_NO_TCSEL | AZX_DCAPS_SYNC_WRITE | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB)
+	(AZX_DCAPS_NO_TCSEL | AZX_DCAPS_SYNC_WRITE | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB|\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI64)
+
+/* quirks for ATI HDMI with snoop off */
+#define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI_NS \
+	(AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI | AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_OFF)
 
 /* quirks for Nvidia */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_NVIDIA \
-	(AZX_DCAPS_NVIDIA_SNOOP | AZX_DCAPS_RIRB_DELAY | AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI |\
-	 AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE | AZX_DCAPS_NO_64BIT |\
-	 AZX_DCAPS_CORBRP_SELF_CLEAR)
+	(AZX_DCAPS_RIRB_DELAY | AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI | /*AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE |*/ \
+	 AZX_DCAPS_NO_64BIT | AZX_DCAPS_CORBRP_SELF_CLEAR |\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_TYPE(NVIDIA))
 
 #define AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_CTHDA \
-	(AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB | AZX_DCAPS_4K_BDLE_BOUNDARY)
+	(AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB |\
+	 AZX_DCAPS_4K_BDLE_BOUNDARY | AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_OFF)
 
 /*
  * VGA-switcher support
@@ -436,6 +450,8 @@ static void update_pci_byte(struct pci_dev *pci, unsigned int reg,
 
 static void azx_init_pci(struct azx *chip)
 {
+	int snoop_type = azx_get_snoop_type(chip);
+
 	/* Clear bits 0-2 of PCI register TCSEL (at offset 0x44)
 	 * TCSEL == Traffic Class Select Register, which sets PCI express QOS
 	 * Ensuring these bits are 0 clears playback static on some HD Audio
@@ -450,7 +466,7 @@ static void azx_init_pci(struct azx *chip)
 	/* For ATI SB450/600/700/800/900 and AMD Hudson azalia HD audio,
 	 * we need to enable snoop.
 	 */
-	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_ATI_SNOOP) {
+	if (snoop_type == AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_ATI) {
 		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Setting ATI snoop: %d\n",
 			azx_snoop(chip));
 		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
@@ -459,7 +475,7 @@ static void azx_init_pci(struct azx *chip)
 	}
 
 	/* For NVIDIA HDA, enable snoop */
-	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_NVIDIA_SNOOP) {
+	if (snoop_type == AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_NVIDIA) {
 		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Setting Nvidia snoop: %d\n",
 			azx_snoop(chip));
 		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
@@ -474,7 +490,7 @@ static void azx_init_pci(struct azx *chip)
 	}
 
 	/* Enable SCH/PCH snoop if needed */
-	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_SCH_SNOOP) {
+	if (snoop_type == AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_SCH) {
 		unsigned short snoop;
 		pci_read_config_word(chip->pci, INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC, &snoop);
 		if ((!azx_snoop(chip) && !(snoop & INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP)) ||
@@ -1131,8 +1147,7 @@ static int azx_free(struct azx *chip)
 	pci_disable_device(chip->pci);
 	kfree(chip->azx_dev);
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER
-	if (chip->fw)
-		release_firmware(chip->fw);
+	release_firmware(chip->fw);
 #endif
 	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL) {
 		hda_display_power(false);
@@ -1360,35 +1375,33 @@ static void check_msi(struct azx *chip)
 /* check the snoop mode availability */
 static void azx_check_snoop_available(struct azx *chip)
 {
-	bool snoop = chip->snoop;
+	int snoop = hda_snoop;
+
+	if (snoop >= 0) {
+		dev_info(chip->card->dev, "Force to %s mode by module option\n",
+			 snoop ? "snoop" : "non-snoop");
+		chip->snoop = snoop;
+		return;
+	}
 
-	switch (chip->driver_type) {
-	case AZX_DRIVER_VIA:
+	snoop = true;
+	if (azx_get_snoop_type(chip) == AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_NONE &&
+	    chip->driver_type == AZX_DRIVER_VIA) {
 		/* force to non-snoop mode for a new VIA controller
 		 * when BIOS is set
 		 */
-		if (snoop) {
-			u8 val;
-			pci_read_config_byte(chip->pci, 0x42, &val);
-			if (!(val & 0x80) && chip->pci->revision == 0x30)
-				snoop = false;
-		}
-		break;
-	case AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS:
-		/* new ATI HDMI requires non-snoop */
-		snoop = false;
-		break;
-	case AZX_DRIVER_CTHDA:
-	case AZX_DRIVER_CMEDIA:
-		snoop = false;
-		break;
+		u8 val;
+		pci_read_config_byte(chip->pci, 0x42, &val);
+		if (!(val & 0x80) && chip->pci->revision == 0x30)
+			snoop = false;
 	}
 
-	if (snoop != chip->snoop) {
-		dev_info(chip->card->dev, "Force to %s mode\n",
-			 snoop ? "snoop" : "non-snoop");
-		chip->snoop = snoop;
-	}
+	if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_OFF)
+		snoop = false;
+
+	chip->snoop = snoop;
+	if (!snoop)
+		dev_info(chip->card->dev, "Force to non-snoop mode\n");
 }
 
 static void azx_probe_work(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -1448,7 +1461,6 @@ static int azx_create(struct snd_card *card, struct pci_dev *pci,
 	check_probe_mask(chip, dev);
 
 	chip->single_cmd = single_cmd;
-	chip->snoop = hda_snoop;
 	azx_check_snoop_available(chip);
 
 	if (bdl_pos_adj[dev] < 0) {
@@ -1486,6 +1498,7 @@ static int azx_first_init(struct azx *chip)
 	struct snd_card *card = chip->card;
 	int err;
 	unsigned short gcap;
+	unsigned int dma_bits = 64;
 
 #if BITS_PER_LONG != 64
 	/* Fix up base address on ULI M5461 */
@@ -1509,9 +1522,14 @@ static int azx_first_init(struct azx *chip)
 		return -ENXIO;
 	}
 
-	if (chip->msi)
+	if (chip->msi) {
+		if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI64) {
+			dev_dbg(card->dev, "Disabling 64bit MSI\n");
+			pci->no_64bit_msi = true;
+		}
 		if (pci_enable_msi(pci) < 0)
 			chip->msi = 0;
+	}
 
 	if (azx_acquire_irq(chip, 0) < 0)
 		return -EBUSY;
@@ -1522,9 +1540,14 @@ static int azx_first_init(struct azx *chip)
 	gcap = azx_readw(chip, GCAP);
 	dev_dbg(card->dev, "chipset global capabilities = 0x%x\n", gcap);
 
+	/* AMD devices support 40 or 48bit DMA, take the safe one */
+	if (chip->pci->vendor == PCI_VENDOR_ID_AMD)
+		dma_bits = 40;
+
 	/* disable SB600 64bit support for safety */
 	if (chip->pci->vendor == PCI_VENDOR_ID_ATI) {
 		struct pci_dev *p_smbus;
+		dma_bits = 40;
 		p_smbus = pci_get_device(PCI_VENDOR_ID_ATI,
 					 PCI_DEVICE_ID_ATI_SBX00_SMBUS,
 					 NULL);
@@ -1545,18 +1568,18 @@ static int azx_first_init(struct azx *chip)
 	if (align_buffer_size >= 0)
 		chip->align_buffer_size = !!align_buffer_size;
 	else {
-		if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE)
+		if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_NO_ALIGN_BUFSIZE)
 			chip->align_buffer_size = 0;
-		else if (chip->driver_caps & AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE)
-			chip->align_buffer_size = 1;
 		else
 			chip->align_buffer_size = 1;
 	}
 
 	/* allow 64bit DMA address if supported by H/W */
-	if ((gcap & AZX_GCAP_64OK) && !pci_set_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(64)))
-		pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(64));
-	else {
+	if (!(gcap & AZX_GCAP_64OK))
+		dma_bits = 32;
+	if (!pci_set_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(dma_bits))) {
+		pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(dma_bits));
+	} else {
 		pci_set_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(32));
 		pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, DMA_BIT_MASK(32));
 	}
@@ -2033,36 +2056,35 @@ static const struct pci_device_id azx_ids[] = {
 	/* Braswell */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x2284),
 	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_PCH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_PCH },
-	/* ICH */
+	/* ICH6 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x2668),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },  /* ICH6 */
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH },
+	/* ICH7 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x27d8),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },  /* ICH7 */
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH },
+	/* ESB2 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x269a),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },  /* ESB2 */
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH },
+	/* ICH8 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x284b),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },  /* ICH8 */
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH },
+	/* ICH9 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x293e),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },  /* ICH9 */
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH },
+	/* ICH9 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x293f),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },  /* ICH9 */
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH },
+	/* ICH10 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x3a3e),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },  /* ICH10 */
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH },
+	/* ICH10 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x3a6e),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },  /* ICH10 */
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_ICH },
 	/* Generic Intel */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL, PCI_ANY_ID),
 	  .class = PCI_CLASS_MULTIMEDIA_HD_AUDIO << 8,
 	  .class_mask = 0xffffff,
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE },
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH | AZX_DCAPS_NO_ALIGN_BUFSIZE },
 	/* ATI SB 450/600/700/800/900 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x437b),
 	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATI | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_SB },
@@ -2117,13 +2139,13 @@ static const struct pci_device_id azx_ids[] = {
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa98),
 	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI },
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x9902),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI },
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI_NS },
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaaa0),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI },
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI_NS },
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaaa8),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI },
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI_NS },
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaab0),
-	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI },
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI_NS | AZX_DCAPS_PRESET_ATI_HDMI_NS },
 	/* VIA VT8251/VT8237A */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1106, 0x3288),
 	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_VIA | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_VIA },
@@ -2170,7 +2192,7 @@ static const struct pci_device_id azx_ids[] = {
 	/* CM8888 */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x13f6, 0x5011),
 	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_CMEDIA |
-	  AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB },
+	  AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI | AZX_DCAPS_POSFIX_LPIB | AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_OFF },
 	/* Vortex86MX */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x17f3, 0x3010), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_GENERIC },
 	/* VMware HDAudio */
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.c
index f56765ae73a7..e664307617bd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.c
@@ -20,6 +20,16 @@
 #include "hda_auto_parser.h"
 #include "hda_jack.h"
 
+/**
+ * is_jack_detectable - Check whether the given pin is jack-detectable
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID
+ *
+ * Check whether the given pin is capable to report the jack detection.
+ * The jack detection might not work by various reasons, e.g. the jack
+ * detection is prohibited in the codec level, the pin config has
+ * AC_DEFCFG_MISC_NO_PRESENCE bit, no unsol support, etc.
+ */
 bool is_jack_detectable(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
 {
 	if (codec->no_jack_detect)
@@ -57,6 +67,8 @@ static u32 read_pin_sense(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_jack_tbl_get - query the jack-table entry for the given NID
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID to refer to
  */
 struct hda_jack_tbl *
 snd_hda_jack_tbl_get(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
@@ -75,6 +87,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_jack_tbl_get);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_jack_tbl_get_from_tag - query the jack-table entry for the given tag
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @tag: tag value to refer to
  */
 struct hda_jack_tbl *
 snd_hda_jack_tbl_get_from_tag(struct hda_codec *codec, unsigned char tag)
@@ -93,6 +107,8 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_jack_tbl_get_from_tag);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_jack_tbl_new - create a jack-table entry for the given NID
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID to assign
  */
 static struct hda_jack_tbl *
 snd_hda_jack_tbl_new(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
@@ -162,6 +178,7 @@ static void jack_detect_update(struct hda_codec *codec,
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_set_dirty_all - Mark all the cached as dirty
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
  *
  * This function sets the dirty flag to all entries of jack table.
  * It's called from the resume path in hda_codec.c.
@@ -218,6 +235,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_jack_detect_state);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_jack_detect_enable - enable the jack-detection
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID to enable
+ * @func: callback function to register
  *
  * In the case of error, the return value will be a pointer embedded with
  * errno.  Check and handle the return value appropriately with standard
@@ -258,6 +278,14 @@ snd_hda_jack_detect_enable_callback(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_jack_detect_enable_callback);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_jack_detect_enable - Enable the jack detection on the given pin
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID to enable jack detection
+ *
+ * Enable the jack detection with the default callback.  Returns zero if
+ * successful or a negative error code.
+ */
 int snd_hda_jack_detect_enable(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
 {
 	return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(snd_hda_jack_detect_enable_callback(codec, nid, NULL));
@@ -266,6 +294,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_jack_detect_enable);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_jack_set_gating_jack - Set gating jack.
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @gated_nid: gated pin NID
+ * @gating_nid: gating pin NID
  *
  * Indicates the gated jack is only valid when the gating jack is plugged.
  */
@@ -287,6 +318,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_jack_set_gating_jack);
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_jack_report_sync - sync the states of all jacks and report if changed
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
  */
 void snd_hda_jack_report_sync(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
@@ -349,6 +381,11 @@ static void hda_free_jack_priv(struct snd_jack *jack)
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_jack_add_kctl - Add a kctl for the given pin
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID to assign
+ * @name: string name for the jack
+ * @idx: index number for the jack
+ * @phantom_jack: flag to deal as a phantom jack
  *
  * This assigns a jack-detection kctl to the given pin.  The kcontrol
  * will have the given name and index.
@@ -391,6 +428,15 @@ static int __snd_hda_jack_add_kctl(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_jack_add_kctl - Add a jack kctl for the given pin
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID
+ * @name: the name string for the jack ctl
+ * @idx: the ctl index for the jack ctl
+ *
+ * This is a simple helper calling __snd_hda_jack_add_kctl().
+ */
 int snd_hda_jack_add_kctl(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 			  const char *name, int idx)
 {
@@ -456,6 +502,8 @@ static int add_jack_kctl(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 
 /**
  * snd_hda_jack_add_kctls - Add kctls for all pins included in the given pincfg
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @cfg: pin config table to parse
  */
 int snd_hda_jack_add_kctls(struct hda_codec *codec,
 			   const struct auto_pin_cfg *cfg)
@@ -531,6 +579,11 @@ static void call_jack_callback(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	}
 }
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_jack_unsol_event - Handle an unsolicited event
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @res: the unsolicited event data
+ */
 void snd_hda_jack_unsol_event(struct hda_codec *codec, unsigned int res)
 {
 	struct hda_jack_tbl *event;
@@ -546,6 +599,13 @@ void snd_hda_jack_unsol_event(struct hda_codec *codec, unsigned int res)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_jack_unsol_event);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_jack_poll_all - Poll all jacks
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ *
+ * Poll all detectable jacks with dirty flag, update the status, call
+ * callbacks and call snd_hda_jack_report_sync() if any changes are found.
+ */
 void snd_hda_jack_poll_all(struct hda_codec *codec)
 {
 	struct hda_jack_tbl *jack = codec->jacktbl.list;
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.h b/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.h
index 13cb375454f6..b279e327a23b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.h
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.h
@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ enum {
 
 int snd_hda_jack_detect_state(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_jack_detect - Detect the jack
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @nid: pin NID to check jack detection
+ */
 static inline bool snd_hda_jack_detect(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid)
 {
 	return snd_hda_jack_detect_state(codec, nid) != HDA_JACK_NOT_PRESENT;
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_priv.h b/sound/pci/hda/hda_priv.h
index 949cd437eeb2..aa484fdf4338 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_priv.h
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_priv.h
@@ -152,9 +152,8 @@ enum { SDI0, SDI1, SDI2, SDI3, SDO0, SDO1, SDO2, SDO3 };
 /* bits 0-7 are used for indicating driver type */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_NO_TCSEL	(1 << 8)	/* No Intel TCSEL bit */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI	(1 << 9)	/* No MSI support */
-#define AZX_DCAPS_ATI_SNOOP	(1 << 10)	/* ATI snoop enable */
-#define AZX_DCAPS_NVIDIA_SNOOP	(1 << 11)	/* Nvidia snoop enable */
-#define AZX_DCAPS_SCH_SNOOP	(1 << 12)	/* SCH/PCH snoop enable */
+#define AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_MASK	(3 << 10)	/* snoop type mask */
+#define AZX_DCAPS_SNOOP_OFF	(1 << 12)	/* snoop default off */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_RIRB_DELAY	(1 << 13)	/* Long delay in read loop */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_RIRB_PRE_DELAY (1 << 14)	/* Put a delay before read */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_CTX_WORKAROUND (1 << 15)	/* X-Fi workaround */
@@ -163,14 +162,22 @@ enum { SDI0, SDI1, SDI2, SDI3, SDO0, SDO1, SDO2, SDO3 };
 #define AZX_DCAPS_NO_64BIT	(1 << 18)	/* No 64bit address */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_SYNC_WRITE	(1 << 19)	/* sync each cmd write */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_OLD_SSYNC	(1 << 20)	/* Old SSYNC reg for ICH */
-#define AZX_DCAPS_BUFSIZE	(1 << 21)	/* no buffer size alignment */
-#define AZX_DCAPS_ALIGN_BUFSIZE	(1 << 22)	/* buffer size alignment */
+#define AZX_DCAPS_NO_ALIGN_BUFSIZE (1 << 21)	/* no buffer size alignment */
+/* 22 unused */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_4K_BDLE_BOUNDARY (1 << 23)	/* BDLE in 4k boundary */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_REVERSE_ASSIGN (1 << 24)	/* Assign devices in reverse order */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_COUNT_LPIB_DELAY  (1 << 25)	/* Take LPIB as delay */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_PM_RUNTIME	(1 << 26)	/* runtime PM support */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_I915_POWERWELL (1 << 27)	/* HSW i915 powerwell support */
 #define AZX_DCAPS_CORBRP_SELF_CLEAR (1 << 28)	/* CORBRP clears itself after reset */
+#define AZX_DCAPS_NO_MSI64      (1 << 29)	/* Stick to 32-bit MSIs */
+
+enum {
+	AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_NONE ,
+	AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_SCH,
+	AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_ATI,
+	AZX_SNOOP_TYPE_NVIDIA,
+};
 
 /* HD Audio class code */
 #define PCI_CLASS_MULTIMEDIA_HD_AUDIO	0x0403
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_sysfs.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_sysfs.c
index 9b49f156a12e..bef721592c3a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_sysfs.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_sysfs.c
@@ -417,8 +417,13 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(user_pin_configs);
 static DEVICE_ATTR_WO(reconfig);
 static DEVICE_ATTR_WO(clear);
 
-/*
- * Look for hint string
+/**
+ * snd_hda_get_hint - Look for hint string
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @key: the hint key string
+ *
+ * Look for a hint key/value pair matching with the given key string
+ * and returns the value string.  If nothing found, returns NULL.
  */
 const char *snd_hda_get_hint(struct hda_codec *codec, const char *key)
 {
@@ -427,6 +432,15 @@ const char *snd_hda_get_hint(struct hda_codec *codec, const char *key)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_get_hint);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_get_bool_hint - Get a boolean hint value
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @key: the hint key string
+ *
+ * Look for a hint key/value pair matching with the given key string
+ * and returns a boolean value parsed from the value.  If no matching
+ * key is found, return a negative value.
+ */
 int snd_hda_get_bool_hint(struct hda_codec *codec, const char *key)
 {
 	const char *p;
@@ -453,6 +467,16 @@ int snd_hda_get_bool_hint(struct hda_codec *codec, const char *key)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hda_get_bool_hint);
 
+/**
+ * snd_hda_get_bool_hint - Get a boolean hint value
+ * @codec: the HDA codec
+ * @key: the hint key string
+ * @valp: pointer to store a value
+ *
+ * Look for a hint key/value pair matching with the given key string
+ * and stores the integer value to @valp.  If no matching key is found,
+ * return a negative error code.  Otherwise it returns zero.
+ */
 int snd_hda_get_int_hint(struct hda_codec *codec, const char *key, int *valp)
 {
 	const char *p;
@@ -690,8 +714,11 @@ static int get_line_from_fw(char *buf, int size, size_t *fw_size_p,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-/*
- * load a "patch" firmware file and parse it
+/**
+ * snd_hda_load_patch - load a "patch" firmware file and parse it
+ * @bus: HD-audio bus
+ * @fw_size: the firmware byte size
+ * @fw_buf: the firmware data
  */
 int snd_hda_load_patch(struct hda_bus *bus, size_t fw_size, const void *fw_buf)
 {
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/patch_ca0132.c b/sound/pci/hda/patch_ca0132.c
index 4f7ffa8c4a0d..e0383eea9880 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/patch_ca0132.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/patch_ca0132.c
@@ -2417,7 +2417,7 @@ static int dspxfr_one_seg(struct hda_codec *codec,
  * @reloc: Relocation address for loading single-segment overlays, or 0 for
  *	   no relocation
  * @sample_rate: sampling rate of the stream used for DSP download
- * @number_channels: channels of the stream used for DSP download
+ * @channels: channels of the stream used for DSP download
  * @ovly: TRUE if overlay format is required
  *
  * Returns zero or a negative error code.
@@ -2556,10 +2556,7 @@ static void dspload_post_setup(struct hda_codec *codec)
 }
 
 /**
- * Download DSP from a DSP Image Fast Load structure. This structure is a
- * linear, non-constant sized element array of structures, each of which
- * contain the count of the data to be loaded, the data itself, and the
- * corresponding starting chip address of the starting data location.
+ * dspload_image - Download DSP from a DSP Image Fast Load structure.
  *
  * @codec: the HDA codec
  * @fls: pointer to a fast load image
@@ -2570,6 +2567,10 @@ static void dspload_post_setup(struct hda_codec *codec)
  * @router_chans: number of audio router channels to be allocated (0 means use
  *		  internal defaults; max is 32)
  *
+ * Download DSP from a DSP Image Fast Load structure. This structure is a
+ * linear, non-constant sized element array of structures, each of which
+ * contain the count of the data to be loaded, the data itself, and the
+ * corresponding starting chip address of the starting data location.
  * Returns zero or a negative error code.
  */
 static int dspload_image(struct hda_codec *codec,
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/patch_realtek.c b/sound/pci/hda/patch_realtek.c
index c5ad83e4e0c7..a722067c491c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/patch_realtek.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/patch_realtek.c
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ struct alc_spec {
 	hda_nid_t cap_mute_led_nid;
 
 	unsigned int gpio_led; /* used for alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_led() */
+	unsigned int gpio_mute_led_mask;
+	unsigned int gpio_mic_led_mask;
 
 	hda_nid_t headset_mic_pin;
 	hda_nid_t headphone_mic_pin;
@@ -3310,41 +3312,45 @@ static void alc269_fixup_hp_mute_led_mic2(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	}
 }
 
-/* turn on/off mute LED per vmaster hook */
-static void alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_mute_hook(void *private_data, int enabled)
+/* update LED status via GPIO */
+static void alc_update_gpio_led(struct hda_codec *codec, unsigned int mask,
+				bool enabled)
 {
-	struct hda_codec *codec = private_data;
 	struct alc_spec *spec = codec->spec;
 	unsigned int oldval = spec->gpio_led;
 
+	if (spec->mute_led_polarity)
+		enabled = !enabled;
+
 	if (enabled)
-		spec->gpio_led &= ~0x08;
+		spec->gpio_led &= ~mask;
 	else
-		spec->gpio_led |= 0x08;
+		spec->gpio_led |= mask;
 	if (spec->gpio_led != oldval)
 		snd_hda_codec_write(codec, 0x01, 0, AC_VERB_SET_GPIO_DATA,
 				    spec->gpio_led);
 }
 
-/* turn on/off mic-mute LED per capture hook */
-static void alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_mic_mute_hook(struct hda_codec *codec,
-					       struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
-					       struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+/* turn on/off mute LED via GPIO per vmaster hook */
+static void alc_fixup_gpio_mute_hook(void *private_data, int enabled)
 {
+	struct hda_codec *codec = private_data;
 	struct alc_spec *spec = codec->spec;
-	unsigned int oldval = spec->gpio_led;
 
-	if (!ucontrol)
-		return;
+	alc_update_gpio_led(codec, spec->gpio_mute_led_mask, enabled);
+}
 
-	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] ||
-	    ucontrol->value.integer.value[1])
-		spec->gpio_led &= ~0x10;
-	else
-		spec->gpio_led |= 0x10;
-	if (spec->gpio_led != oldval)
-		snd_hda_codec_write(codec, 0x01, 0, AC_VERB_SET_GPIO_DATA,
-				    spec->gpio_led);
+/* turn on/off mic-mute LED via GPIO per capture hook */
+static void alc_fixup_gpio_mic_mute_hook(struct hda_codec *codec,
+					 struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+					 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct alc_spec *spec = codec->spec;
+
+	if (ucontrol)
+		alc_update_gpio_led(codec, spec->gpio_mic_led_mask,
+				    ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] ||
+				    ucontrol->value.integer.value[1]);
 }
 
 static void alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_led(struct hda_codec *codec,
@@ -3358,9 +3364,33 @@ static void alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_led(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	};
 
 	if (action == HDA_FIXUP_ACT_PRE_PROBE) {
-		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_mute_hook;
-		spec->gen.cap_sync_hook = alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_mic_mute_hook;
+		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc_fixup_gpio_mute_hook;
+		spec->gen.cap_sync_hook = alc_fixup_gpio_mic_mute_hook;
+		spec->gpio_led = 0;
+		spec->mute_led_polarity = 0;
+		spec->gpio_mute_led_mask = 0x08;
+		spec->gpio_mic_led_mask = 0x10;
+		snd_hda_add_verbs(codec, gpio_init);
+	}
+}
+
+static void alc286_fixup_hp_gpio_led(struct hda_codec *codec,
+				const struct hda_fixup *fix, int action)
+{
+	struct alc_spec *spec = codec->spec;
+	static const struct hda_verb gpio_init[] = {
+		{ 0x01, AC_VERB_SET_GPIO_MASK, 0x22 },
+		{ 0x01, AC_VERB_SET_GPIO_DIRECTION, 0x22 },
+		{}
+	};
+
+	if (action == HDA_FIXUP_ACT_PRE_PROBE) {
+		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc_fixup_gpio_mute_hook;
+		spec->gen.cap_sync_hook = alc_fixup_gpio_mic_mute_hook;
 		spec->gpio_led = 0;
+		spec->mute_led_polarity = 0;
+		spec->gpio_mute_led_mask = 0x02;
+		spec->gpio_mic_led_mask = 0x20;
 		snd_hda_add_verbs(codec, gpio_init);
 	}
 }
@@ -3402,9 +3432,11 @@ static void alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_mic1_led(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	};
 
 	if (action == HDA_FIXUP_ACT_PRE_PROBE) {
-		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_mute_hook;
+		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc_fixup_gpio_mute_hook;
 		spec->gen.cap_sync_hook = alc269_fixup_hp_cap_mic_mute_hook;
 		spec->gpio_led = 0;
+		spec->mute_led_polarity = 0;
+		spec->gpio_mute_led_mask = 0x08;
 		spec->cap_mute_led_nid = 0x18;
 		snd_hda_add_verbs(codec, gpio_init);
 		codec->power_filter = led_power_filter;
@@ -3423,9 +3455,11 @@ static void alc280_fixup_hp_gpio4(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	};
 
 	if (action == HDA_FIXUP_ACT_PRE_PROBE) {
-		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc269_fixup_hp_gpio_mute_hook;
+		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc_fixup_gpio_mute_hook;
 		spec->gen.cap_sync_hook = alc269_fixup_hp_cap_mic_mute_hook;
 		spec->gpio_led = 0;
+		spec->mute_led_polarity = 0;
+		spec->gpio_mute_led_mask = 0x08;
 		spec->cap_mute_led_nid = 0x18;
 		snd_hda_add_verbs(codec, gpio_init);
 		codec->power_filter = led_power_filter;
@@ -4300,6 +4334,7 @@ enum {
 	ALC255_FIXUP_DELL_WMI_MIC_MUTE_LED,
 	ALC282_FIXUP_ASPIRE_V5_PINS,
 	ALC280_FIXUP_HP_GPIO4,
+	ALC286_FIXUP_HP_GPIO_LED,
 };
 
 static const struct hda_fixup alc269_fixups[] = {
@@ -4769,6 +4804,10 @@ static const struct hda_fixup alc269_fixups[] = {
 		.type = HDA_FIXUP_FUNC,
 		.v.func = alc280_fixup_hp_gpio4,
 	},
+	[ALC286_FIXUP_HP_GPIO_LED] = {
+		.type = HDA_FIXUP_FUNC,
+		.v.func = alc286_fixup_hp_gpio_led,
+	},
 };
 
 static const struct snd_pci_quirk alc269_fixup_tbl[] = {
@@ -4809,6 +4848,7 @@ static const struct snd_pci_quirk alc269_fixup_tbl[] = {
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x103c, 0x226a, "HP", ALC269_FIXUP_HP_MUTE_LED_MIC1),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x103c, 0x226b, "HP", ALC269_FIXUP_HP_MUTE_LED_MIC1),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x103c, 0x226e, "HP", ALC269_FIXUP_HP_MUTE_LED_MIC1),
+	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x103c, 0x2271, "HP", ALC286_FIXUP_HP_GPIO_LED),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x103c, 0x229e, "HP", ALC269_FIXUP_HP_MUTE_LED_MIC1),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x103c, 0x22b2, "HP", ALC269_FIXUP_HP_MUTE_LED_MIC1),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x103c, 0x22b7, "HP", ALC269_FIXUP_HP_MUTE_LED_MIC1),
@@ -5698,22 +5738,6 @@ static void alc_fixup_bass_chmap(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	}
 }
 
-/* turn on/off mute LED per vmaster hook */
-static void alc662_led_gpio1_mute_hook(void *private_data, int enabled)
-{
-	struct hda_codec *codec = private_data;
-	struct alc_spec *spec = codec->spec;
-	unsigned int oldval = spec->gpio_led;
-
-	if (enabled)
-		spec->gpio_led |= 0x01;
-	else
-		spec->gpio_led &= ~0x01;
-	if (spec->gpio_led != oldval)
-		snd_hda_codec_write(codec, 0x01, 0, AC_VERB_SET_GPIO_DATA,
-				    spec->gpio_led);
-}
-
 /* avoid D3 for keeping GPIO up */
 static unsigned int gpio_led_power_filter(struct hda_codec *codec,
 					  hda_nid_t nid,
@@ -5736,8 +5760,10 @@ static void alc662_fixup_led_gpio1(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	};
 
 	if (action == HDA_FIXUP_ACT_PRE_PROBE) {
-		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc662_led_gpio1_mute_hook;
+		spec->gen.vmaster_mute.hook = alc_fixup_gpio_mute_hook;
 		spec->gpio_led = 0;
+		spec->mute_led_polarity = 1;
+		spec->gpio_mute_led_mask = 0x01;
 		snd_hda_add_verbs(codec, gpio_init);
 		codec->power_filter = gpio_led_power_filter;
 	}
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.c
index 3b3cf4ac9060..c9411dfff5a4 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/aureon.c
@@ -205,13 +205,7 @@ static int aureon_universe_inmux_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	static const char * const texts[3] =
 		{"Internal Aux", "Wavetable", "Rear Line-In"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int aureon_universe_inmux_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1106,20 +1100,10 @@ static int wm_adc_mux_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_in
 	};
 	struct snd_ice1712 *ice = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 2;
-	if (ice->eeprom.subvendor == VT1724_SUBDEVICE_AUREON71_UNIVERSE) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 8;
-		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, universe_texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	} else {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
-		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	}
-	return 0;
+	if (ice->eeprom.subvendor == VT1724_SUBDEVICE_AUREON71_UNIVERSE)
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 2, 8, universe_texts);
+	else
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 2, 5, texts);
 }
 
 static int wm_adc_mux_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1167,16 +1151,10 @@ static int aureon_cs8415_mux_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_
 		"CD",
 		"Coax"
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
 	if (ice->eeprom.subvendor == VT1724_SUBDEVICE_PRODIGY71)
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, prodigy_texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, prodigy_texts);
 	else
-		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, aureon_texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+		return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, aureon_texts);
 }
 
 static int aureon_cs8415_mux_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1392,15 +1370,7 @@ static int aureon_oversampling_info(struct snd_kcontrol *k, struct snd_ctl_elem_
 {
 	static const char * const texts[2] = { "128x", "64x"	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int aureon_oversampling_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.c
index 817a1bc50a60..5cb587cf360e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ews.c
@@ -580,13 +580,7 @@ static int snd_ice1712_ewx_io_sense_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct s
 	static const char * const texts[2] = {
 		"+4dBu", "-10dBV",
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ice1712_ewx_io_sense_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -903,13 +897,7 @@ static int snd_ice1712_6fire_select_input_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, st
 	static const char * const texts[4] = {
 		"Internal", "Front Input", "Rear Input", "Wave Table"
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= 4)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
      
 static int snd_ice1712_6fire_select_input_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.c
index 59e37c581691..a40001c1d9e8 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/hoontech.c
@@ -309,11 +309,7 @@ static int snd_ice1712_value_init(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
 		return err;
 
 	/* ak4524 controls */
-	err = snd_ice1712_akm4xxx_build_controls(ice);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ice1712_akm4xxx_build_controls(ice);
 }
 
 static int snd_ice1712_ez8_init(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
index 206ed2cbcef9..b039b46152c6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
@@ -620,10 +620,9 @@ static int snd_ice1712_playback_ds_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_ice1712 *ice = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
-	u32 period_size, buf_size, rate, tmp, chn;
+	u32 period_size, rate, tmp, chn;
 
 	period_size = snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(substream) - 1;
-	buf_size = snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream) - 1;
 	tmp = 0x0064;
 	if (snd_pcm_format_width(runtime->format) == 16)
 		tmp &= ~0x04;
@@ -1295,10 +1294,7 @@ static int snd_ice1712_pcm_profi(struct snd_ice1712 *ice, int device, struct snd
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	err = snd_ice1712_build_pro_mixer(ice);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ice1712_build_pro_mixer(ice);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1545,10 +1541,9 @@ static int snd_ice1712_ac97_mixer(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
 			dev_warn(ice->card->dev,
 				 "cannot initialize ac97 for consumer, skipped\n");
 		else {
-			err = snd_ctl_add(ice->card, snd_ctl_new1(&snd_ice1712_mixer_digmix_route_ac97, ice));
-			if (err < 0)
-				return err;
-			return 0;
+			return snd_ctl_add(ice->card,
+			snd_ctl_new1(&snd_ice1712_mixer_digmix_route_ac97,
+				     ice));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1839,13 +1834,7 @@ static int snd_ice1712_pro_internal_clock_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		"96000",	/* 12: 7 */
 		"IEC958 Input",	/* 13: -- */
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 14;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 14, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ice1712_pro_internal_clock_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1930,13 +1919,7 @@ static int snd_ice1712_pro_internal_clock_default_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcon
 		"96000",	/* 12: 7 */
 		/* "IEC958 Input",	13: -- */
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 13;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 13, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ice1712_pro_internal_clock_default_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -2057,15 +2040,8 @@ static int snd_ice1712_pro_route_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		"IEC958 In L", "IEC958 In R", /* 9-10 */
 		"Digital Mixer", /* 11 - optional */
 	};
-
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items =
-		snd_ctl_get_ioffidx(kcontrol, &uinfo->id) < 2 ? 12 : 11;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	int num_items = snd_ctl_get_ioffidx(kcontrol, &uinfo->id) < 2 ? 12 : 11;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, num_items, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_ice1712_pro_route_analog_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -2516,11 +2492,8 @@ static int snd_ice1712_build_controls(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
 	err = snd_ctl_add(ice->card, snd_ctl_new1(&snd_ice1712_mixer_pro_volume_rate, ice));
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
-	err = snd_ctl_add(ice->card, snd_ctl_new1(&snd_ice1712_mixer_pro_peak, ice));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_add(ice->card,
+			   snd_ctl_new1(&snd_ice1712_mixer_pro_peak, ice));
 }
 
 static int snd_ice1712_free(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
@@ -2905,8 +2878,7 @@ static int snd_ice1712_resume(struct device *dev)
 	outw(ice->pm_saved_spdif_ctrl, ICEMT(ice, ROUTE_SPDOUT));
 	outw(ice->pm_saved_route, ICEMT(ice, ROUTE_PSDOUT03));
 
-	if (ice->ac97)
-		snd_ac97_resume(ice->ac97);
+	snd_ac97_resume(ice->ac97);
 
 	snd_power_change_state(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
index 08cb08ac85e6..d73da157ea14 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
@@ -2049,13 +2049,7 @@ static int snd_vt1724_pro_route_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		"IEC958 In L", "IEC958 In R", /* 3-4 */
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 5, texts);
 }
 
 static inline int analog_route_shift(int idx)
@@ -2503,11 +2497,8 @@ static int snd_vt1724_build_controls(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	err = snd_ctl_add(ice->card, snd_ctl_new1(&snd_vt1724_mixer_pro_peak, ice));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_add(ice->card,
+			   snd_ctl_new1(&snd_vt1724_mixer_pro_peak, ice));
 }
 
 static int snd_vt1724_free(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
@@ -2884,8 +2875,7 @@ static int snd_vt1724_resume(struct device *dev)
 	outb(ice->pm_saved_spdif_cfg, ICEREG1724(ice, SPDIF_CFG));
 	outl(ice->pm_saved_route, ICEMT1724(ice, ROUTE_PLAYBACK));
 
-	if (ice->ac97)
-		snd_ac97_resume(ice->ac97);
+	snd_ac97_resume(ice->ac97);
 
 	snd_power_change_state(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/juli.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/juli.c
index 7a6c0786c55c..a1536c1a7ed4 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/juli.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/juli.c
@@ -475,11 +475,8 @@ static int juli_add_controls(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
 		return err;
 
 	/* only capture SPDIF over AK4114 */
-	err = snd_ak4114_build(spec->ak4114, NULL,
+	return snd_ak4114_build(spec->ak4114, NULL,
 			ice->pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].substream);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/maya44.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/maya44.c
index 63aa39f06f02..7de25c4807fd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/maya44.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/maya44.c
@@ -359,15 +359,7 @@ static int maya_rec_src_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 {
 	static const char * const texts[] = { "Line", "Mic" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = ARRAY_SIZE(texts);
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, ARRAY_SIZE(texts), texts);
 }
 
 static int maya_rec_src_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -411,15 +403,7 @@ static int maya_pb_route_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		"Input 1", "Input 2", "Input 3", "Input 4"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = ARRAY_SIZE(texts);
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, ARRAY_SIZE(texts), texts);
 }
 
 static int maya_pb_route_shift(int idx)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.c
index 0011e04f36a2..e9ca89c9174b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/phase.c
@@ -723,17 +723,7 @@ static int phase28_oversampling_info(struct snd_kcontrol *k,
 {
 	static const char * const texts[2] = { "128x", "64x"	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items -
-						1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int phase28_oversampling_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.c
index 5555eb4b2400..5101f40f6fbd 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/pontis.c
@@ -417,13 +417,7 @@ static int cs_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_inf
 		"Optical",	/* RXP1 */
 		"CD",		/* RXP2 */
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int cs_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy192.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy192.c
index f3b491aa3e22..3919aed39ca0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy192.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy192.c
@@ -284,15 +284,7 @@ static int stac9460_mic_sw_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 {
 	static const char * const texts[2] = { "Line In", "Mic" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-        return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 
@@ -563,13 +555,7 @@ static int ak4114_input_sw_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 {
 	static const char * const texts[2] = { "Toslink", "Coax" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-        return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 
@@ -772,10 +758,8 @@ static int prodigy192_init(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
 			"AK4114 initialized with status %d\n", err);
 	} else
 		dev_dbg(ice->card->dev, "AK4114 not found\n");
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
 
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.c
index 2261d1e49150..2697402b5195 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/prodigy_hifi.c
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ static int wm_master_vol_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int wm_adc_mux_enum_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char* texts[32] = {
+	static const char * const texts[32] = {
 		"NULL", WM_AIN1, WM_AIN2, WM_AIN1 "+" WM_AIN2,
 		WM_AIN3, WM_AIN1 "+" WM_AIN3, WM_AIN2 "+" WM_AIN3,
 		WM_AIN1 "+" WM_AIN2 "+" WM_AIN3,
@@ -560,14 +560,7 @@ static int wm_adc_mux_enum_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		WM_AIN1 "+" WM_AIN2 "+" WM_AIN3 "+" WM_AIN4 "+" WM_AIN5
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 32;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 31)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 31;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 32, texts);
 }
 
 static int wm_adc_mux_enum_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/quartet.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/quartet.c
index 2c2df4b74e01..6f55e02e5c84 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/quartet.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/quartet.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct qtet_kcontrol_private {
 	unsigned int bit;
 	void (*set_register)(struct snd_ice1712 *ice, unsigned int val);
 	unsigned int (*get_register)(struct snd_ice1712 *ice);
-	unsigned char * const texts[2];
+	const char * const texts[2];
 };
 
 enum {
@@ -554,17 +554,7 @@ static int qtet_ain12_enum_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 {
 	static const char * const texts[3] =
 		{"Line In 1/2", "Mic", "Mic + Low-cut"};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = ARRAY_SIZE(texts);
-
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-			texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, ARRAY_SIZE(texts), texts);
 }
 
 static int qtet_ain12_sw_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -706,17 +696,8 @@ static int qtet_enum_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 {
 	struct qtet_kcontrol_private private =
 		qtet_privates[kcontrol->private_value];
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = ARRAY_SIZE(private.texts);
-
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-			private.texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, ARRAY_SIZE(private.texts),
+				 private.texts);
 }
 
 static int qtet_sw_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -852,11 +833,8 @@ static int qtet_add_controls(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 	/* only capture SPDIF over AK4113 */
-	err = snd_ak4113_build(spec->ak4113,
+	return snd_ak4113_build(spec->ak4113,
 			ice->pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].substream);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	return 0;
 }
 
 static inline int qtet_is_spdif_master(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.c
index 1112ec1953be..1d81ae677573 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/revo.c
@@ -494,11 +494,13 @@ static int ap192_ak4114_init(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
 				 ap192_ak4114_write,
 				 ak4114_init_vals, ak4114_init_txcsb,
 				 ice, &spec->ak4114);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	/* AK4114 in Revo cannot detect external rate correctly.
 	 * No reason to stop capture stream due to incorrect checks */
 	spec->ak4114->check_flags = AK4114_CHECK_NO_RATE;
 
-	return 0; /* error ignored; it's no fatal error */
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int revo_init(struct snd_ice1712 *ice)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/se.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/se.c
index ffd894bb4507..1c5d5b22c7a0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/se.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/se.c
@@ -452,14 +452,7 @@ static int se200pci_cont_enum_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kc,
 	c = se200pci_get_enum_count(n);
 	if (!c)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = c;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= c)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = c - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       se200pci_cont[n].member[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, c, se200pci_cont[n].member);
 }
 
 static int se200pci_cont_volume_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kc,
diff --git a/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c b/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
index 9fe549b2efdf..59d21c9401d2 100644
--- a/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
+++ b/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
@@ -444,9 +444,9 @@ static char *stateName[] = {
 	"Invalid"
 };
 
-static char *clockSourceTypeName[] = { "ADAT", "S/PDIF", "local" };
+static const char * const clockSourceTypeName[] = { "ADAT", "S/PDIF", "local" };
 
-static char *clockSourceName[] = {
+static const char * const clockSourceName[] = {
 	"ADAT at 44.1 kHz",
 	"ADAT at 48 kHz",
 	"S/PDIF at 44.1 kHz",
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ static char *clockSourceName[] = {
 	"local clock at 48 kHz"
 };
 
-static char *channelName[] = {
+static const char * const channelName[] = {
 	"ADAT-1",
 	"ADAT-2",
 	"ADAT-3",
@@ -1844,14 +1844,9 @@ static int snd_korg1212_control_volume_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_korg1212_control_route_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					   struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = (kcontrol->private_value >= 8) ? 2 : 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = kAudioChannels;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > kAudioChannels-1) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = kAudioChannels-1;
-	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, channelName[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo,
+				 (kcontrol->private_value >= 8) ? 2 : 1,
+				 kAudioChannels, channelName);
 }
 
 static int snd_korg1212_control_route_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1961,14 +1956,7 @@ static int snd_korg1212_control_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_korg1212_control_sync_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, clockSourceTypeName[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, clockSourceTypeName);
 }
 
 static int snd_korg1212_control_sync_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/lola/lola_mixer.c b/sound/pci/lola/lola_mixer.c
index 782f4d8299ae..e7fe15dd5a90 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lola/lola_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/lola/lola_mixer.c
@@ -108,8 +108,7 @@ int lola_init_pins(struct lola *chip, int dir, int *nidp)
 
 void lola_free_mixer(struct lola *chip)
 {
-	if (chip->mixer.array_saved)
-		vfree(chip->mixer.array_saved);
+	vfree(chip->mixer.array_saved);
 }
 
 int lola_init_mixer_widget(struct lola *chip, int nid)
diff --git a/sound/pci/lx6464es/lx_defs.h b/sound/pci/lx6464es/lx_defs.h
index 49d36bdd512c..469bcc685edf 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lx6464es/lx_defs.h
+++ b/sound/pci/lx6464es/lx_defs.h
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ enum buffer_flags {
 	BF_ZERO		= 0x00,	/* no flags (init).*/
 };
 
-/**
+/*
 *	Stream Flags definitions
 */
 enum stream_flags {
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.c b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.c
index 581e1e74863c..9996a4dead0f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.c
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart_hwdep.c
@@ -37,10 +37,11 @@
 /**
  * wait for a value on a peudo register, exit with a timeout
  *
- * @param mgr pointer to miXart manager structure
- * @param offset unsigned pseudo_register base + offset of value
- * @param value value
- * @param timeout timeout in centisenconds
+ * @mgr: pointer to miXart manager structure
+ * @offset: unsigned pseudo_register base + offset of value
+ * @is_egal: wait for the equal value
+ * @value: value
+ * @timeout: timeout in centisenconds
  */
 static int mixart_wait_nice_for_register_value(struct mixart_mgr *mgr,
 					       u32 offset, int is_egal,
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
index b854fc5e01f5..a60293015267 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
@@ -501,10 +501,10 @@ int pcxhr_get_external_clock(struct pcxhr_mgr *mgr,
 /*
  *  start or stop playback/capture substream
  */
-static int pcxhr_set_stream_state(struct pcxhr_stream *stream)
+static int pcxhr_set_stream_state(struct snd_pcxhr *chip,
+				  struct pcxhr_stream *stream)
 {
 	int err;
-	struct snd_pcxhr *chip;
 	struct pcxhr_rmh rmh;
 	int stream_mask, start;
 
@@ -512,8 +512,8 @@ static int pcxhr_set_stream_state(struct pcxhr_stream *stream)
 		start = 1;
 	else {
 		if (stream->status != PCXHR_STREAM_STATUS_SCHEDULE_STOP) {
-			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR pcxhr_set_stream_state "
-				   "CANNOT be stopped\n");
+			dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+				"pcxhr_set_stream_state CANNOT be stopped\n");
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		start = 0;
@@ -560,6 +560,7 @@ static int pcxhr_set_format(struct pcxhr_stream *stream)
 	struct pcxhr_rmh rmh;
 	unsigned int header;
 
+	chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(stream->substream);
 	switch (stream->format) {
 	case SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8:
 		header = HEADER_FMT_BASE_LIN;
@@ -582,11 +583,10 @@ static int pcxhr_set_format(struct pcxhr_stream *stream)
 		header = HEADER_FMT_BASE_FLOAT | HEADER_FMT_INTEL;
 		break;
 	default:
-		snd_printk(KERN_ERR
-			   "error pcxhr_set_format() : unknown format\n");
+		dev_err(chip->card->dev,
+			"error pcxhr_set_format() : unknown format\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
-	chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(stream->substream);
 
 	sample_rate = chip->mgr->sample_rate;
 	if (sample_rate <= 32000 && sample_rate !=0) {
@@ -643,11 +643,11 @@ static int pcxhr_update_r_buffer(struct pcxhr_stream *stream)
 	is_capture = (subs->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
 	stream_num = is_capture ? 0 : subs->number;
 
-	snd_printdd("pcxhr_update_r_buffer(pcm%c%d) : "
-		    "addr(%p) bytes(%zx) subs(%d)\n",
-		    is_capture ? 'c' : 'p',
-		    chip->chip_idx, (void *)(long)subs->runtime->dma_addr,
-		    subs->runtime->dma_bytes, subs->number);
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
+		"pcxhr_update_r_buffer(pcm%c%d) : addr(%p) bytes(%zx) subs(%d)\n",
+		is_capture ? 'c' : 'p',
+		chip->chip_idx, (void *)(long)subs->runtime->dma_addr,
+		subs->runtime->dma_bytes, subs->number);
 
 	pcxhr_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_UPDATE_R_BUFFERS);
 	pcxhr_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, is_capture, stream->pipe->first_audio,
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ static int pcxhr_pipe_sample_count(struct pcxhr_stream *stream,
 		*sample_count = ((snd_pcm_uframes_t)rmh.stat[0]) << 24;
 		*sample_count += (snd_pcm_uframes_t)rmh.stat[1];
 	}
-	snd_printdd("PIPE_SAMPLE_COUNT = %lx\n", *sample_count);
+	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "PIPE_SAMPLE_COUNT = %lx\n", *sample_count);
 	return err;
 }
 #endif
@@ -711,8 +711,9 @@ static void pcxhr_start_linked_stream(struct pcxhr_mgr *mgr)
 	int playback_mask = 0;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
-	struct timeval my_tv1, my_tv2;
-	do_gettimeofday(&my_tv1);
+	ktime_t start_time, stop_time, diff_time;
+
+	start_time = ktime_get();
 #endif
 	mutex_lock(&mgr->setup_mutex);
 
@@ -778,12 +779,12 @@ static void pcxhr_start_linked_stream(struct pcxhr_mgr *mgr)
 		for (j = 0; j < chip->nb_streams_capt; j++) {
 			stream = &chip->capture_stream[j];
 			if (pcxhr_stream_scheduled_get_pipe(stream, &pipe))
-				err = pcxhr_set_stream_state(stream);
+				err = pcxhr_set_stream_state(chip, stream);
 		}
 		for (j = 0; j < chip->nb_streams_play; j++) {
 			stream = &chip->playback_stream[j];
 			if (pcxhr_stream_scheduled_get_pipe(stream, &pipe))
-				err = pcxhr_set_stream_state(stream);
+				err = pcxhr_set_stream_state(chip, stream);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -823,9 +824,10 @@ static void pcxhr_start_linked_stream(struct pcxhr_mgr *mgr)
 	mutex_unlock(&mgr->setup_mutex);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
-	do_gettimeofday(&my_tv2);
+	stop_time = ktime_get();
+	diff_time = ktime_sub(stop_time, start_time);
 	dev_dbg(&mgr->pci->dev, "***TRIGGER START*** TIME = %ld (err = %x)\n",
-		    (long)(my_tv2.tv_usec - my_tv1.tv_usec), err);
+		    (long)(ktime_to_ns(diff_time)), err);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -837,12 +839,12 @@ static int pcxhr_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *subs, int cmd)
 {
 	struct pcxhr_stream *stream;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *s;
+	struct snd_pcxhr *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
 
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
-		snd_printdd("SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START\n");
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START\n");
 		if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(subs)) {
-			struct snd_pcxhr *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
 			snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, subs) {
 				if (snd_pcm_substream_chip(s) != chip)
 					continue;
@@ -854,7 +856,7 @@ static int pcxhr_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *subs, int cmd)
 			pcxhr_start_linked_stream(chip->mgr);
 		} else {
 			stream = subs->runtime->private_data;
-			snd_printdd("Only one Substream %c %d\n",
+			dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Only one Substream %c %d\n",
 				    stream->pipe->is_capture ? 'C' : 'P',
 				    stream->pipe->first_audio);
 			if (pcxhr_set_format(stream))
@@ -863,17 +865,17 @@ static int pcxhr_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *subs, int cmd)
 				return -EINVAL;
 
 			stream->status = PCXHR_STREAM_STATUS_SCHEDULE_RUN;
-			if (pcxhr_set_stream_state(stream))
+			if (pcxhr_set_stream_state(chip, stream))
 				return -EINVAL;
 			stream->status = PCXHR_STREAM_STATUS_RUNNING;
 		}
 		break;
 	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
-		snd_printdd("SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP\n");
+		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP\n");
 		snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, subs) {
 			stream = s->runtime->private_data;
 			stream->status = PCXHR_STREAM_STATUS_SCHEDULE_STOP;
-			if (pcxhr_set_stream_state(stream))
+			if (pcxhr_set_stream_state(chip, stream))
 				return -EINVAL;
 			snd_pcm_trigger_done(s, subs);
 		}
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.c
index a584acb61c00..181f7729d409 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_core.c
@@ -910,8 +910,9 @@ int pcxhr_set_pipe_state(struct pcxhr_mgr *mgr, int playback_mask,
 	int audio_mask;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
-	struct timeval my_tv1, my_tv2;
-	do_gettimeofday(&my_tv1);
+	ktime_t start_time, stop_time, diff_time;
+
+	start_time = ktime_get();
 #endif
 	audio_mask = (playback_mask |
 		      (capture_mask << PCXHR_PIPE_STATE_CAPTURE_OFFSET));
@@ -960,9 +961,10 @@ int pcxhr_set_pipe_state(struct pcxhr_mgr *mgr, int playback_mask,
 			return err;
 	}
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE
-	do_gettimeofday(&my_tv2);
+	stop_time = ktime_get();
+	diff_time = ktime_sub(stop_time, start_time);
 	dev_dbg(&mgr->pci->dev, "***SET PIPE STATE*** TIME = %ld (err = %x)\n",
-		    (long)(my_tv2.tv_usec - my_tv1.tv_usec), err);
+			(long)(ktime_to_ns(diff_time)), err);
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.c
index 95c9571780d8..63136c4f3f3d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr_mixer.c
@@ -660,14 +660,7 @@ static int pcxhr_audio_src_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		if (chip->mgr->board_has_mic)
 			i = 5;	/* Mic and MicroMix available */
 	}
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = i;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > (i-1))
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = i-1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, i, texts);
 }
 
 static int pcxhr_audio_src_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -756,14 +749,7 @@ static int pcxhr_clock_type_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		texts = textsPCXHR;
 		snd_BUG_ON(clock_items > (PCXHR_CLOCK_TYPE_MAX+1));
 	}
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = clock_items;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= clock_items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = clock_items-1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, clock_items, texts);
 }
 
 static int pcxhr_clock_type_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme32.c b/sound/pci/rme32.c
index 4afd3cab775b..6c60dcd2e5a1 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme32.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme32.c
@@ -1608,30 +1608,24 @@ snd_rme32_info_inputtype_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				 struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
 	struct rme32 *rme32 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	static char *texts[4] = { "Optical", "Coaxial", "Internal", "XLR" };
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
+		"Optical", "Coaxial", "Internal", "XLR"
+	};
+	int num_items;
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
 	switch (rme32->pci->device) {
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_DIGI32:
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_DIGI32_8:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
+		num_items = 3;
 		break;
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_DIGI32_PRO:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
+		num_items = 4;
 		break;
 	default:
 		snd_BUG();
-		break;
-	}
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >
-	    uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-		    uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
 	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, num_items, texts);
 }
 static int
 snd_rme32_get_inputtype_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1695,20 +1689,12 @@ static int
 snd_rme32_info_clockmode_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				 struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = { "AutoSync", 
+	static const char * const texts[4] = { "AutoSync",
 				  "Internal 32.0kHz", 
 				  "Internal 44.1kHz", 
 				  "Internal 48.0kHz" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 static int
 snd_rme32_get_clockmode_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme96.c b/sound/pci/rme96.c
index 5a395c87c6fc..2f1a85185a16 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme96.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme96.c
@@ -1884,39 +1884,38 @@ snd_rme96_put_loopback_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_ele
 static int
 snd_rme96_info_inputtype_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *_texts[5] = { "Optical", "Coaxial", "Internal", "XLR", "Analog" };
+	static const char * const _texts[5] = {
+		"Optical", "Coaxial", "Internal", "XLR", "Analog"
+	};
 	struct rme96 *rme96 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	char *texts[5] = { _texts[0], _texts[1], _texts[2], _texts[3], _texts[4] };
+	const char *texts[5] = {
+		_texts[0], _texts[1], _texts[2], _texts[3], _texts[4]
+	};
+	int num_items;
 	
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
 	switch (rme96->pci->device) {
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_DIGI96:
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_DIGI96_8:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
+		num_items = 3;
 		break;
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_DIGI96_8_PRO:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
+		num_items = 4;
 		break;
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_RME_DIGI96_8_PAD_OR_PST:
 		if (rme96->rev > 4) {
 			/* PST */
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
+			num_items = 4;
 			texts[3] = _texts[4]; /* Analog instead of XLR */
 		} else {
 			/* PAD */
-			uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
+			num_items = 5;
 		}
 		break;
 	default:
 		snd_BUG();
-		break;
-	}
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
+		return -EINVAL;
 	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, num_items, texts);
 }
 static int
 snd_rme96_get_inputtype_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2002,16 +2001,9 @@ snd_rme96_put_inputtype_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_el
 static int
 snd_rme96_info_clockmode_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = { "AutoSync", "Internal", "Word" };
+	static const char * const texts[3] = { "AutoSync", "Internal", "Word" };
 	
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 static int
 snd_rme96_get_clockmode_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2041,16 +2033,11 @@ snd_rme96_put_clockmode_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_el
 static int
 snd_rme96_info_attenuation_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = { "0 dB", "-6 dB", "-12 dB", "-18 dB" };
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
+		"0 dB", "-6 dB", "-12 dB", "-18 dB"
+	};
 	
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 static int
 snd_rme96_get_attenuation_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2081,16 +2068,9 @@ snd_rme96_put_attenuation_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_
 static int
 snd_rme96_info_montracks_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = { "1+2", "3+4", "5+6", "7+8" };
+	static const char * const texts[4] = { "1+2", "3+4", "5+6", "7+8" };
 	
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3) {
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-	}
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 static int
 snd_rme96_get_montracks_control(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
index 7646ba1664eb..cf5a6c8b9a63 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
@@ -1680,16 +1680,13 @@ static int hdsp_set_spdif_input(struct hdsp *hdsp, int in)
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_spdif_in(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = {"Optical", "Coaxial", "Internal", "AES"};
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
+		"Optical", "Coaxial", "Internal", "AES"
+	};
 	struct hdsp *hdsp = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = ((hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 4 : 3);
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > ((hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 3 : 2))
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = ((hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 3 : 2);
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, (hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 4 : 3,
+				 texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_spdif_in(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1786,16 +1783,14 @@ static int snd_hdsp_put_toggle_setting(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_spdif_sample_rate(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"32000", "44100", "48000", "64000", "88200", "96000", "None", "128000", "176400", "192000"};
+	static const char * const texts[] = {
+		"32000", "44100", "48000", "64000", "88200", "96000",
+		"None", "128000", "176400", "192000"
+	};
 	struct hdsp *hdsp = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = (hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 10 : 7;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, (hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 10 : 7,
+				 texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_spdif_sample_rate(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1872,14 +1867,13 @@ static int snd_hdsp_get_system_sample_rate(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct
 static int snd_hdsp_info_autosync_sample_rate(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
 	struct hdsp *hdsp = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	static char *texts[] = {"32000", "44100", "48000", "64000", "88200", "96000", "None", "128000", "176400", "192000"};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = (hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 10 : 7 ;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	static const char * const texts[] = {
+		"32000", "44100", "48000", "64000", "88200", "96000",
+		"None", "128000", "176400", "192000"
+	};
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, (hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 10 : 7,
+				 texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_autosync_sample_rate(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1940,15 +1934,9 @@ static int hdsp_system_clock_mode(struct hdsp *hdsp)
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_system_clock_mode(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"Master", "Slave" };
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"Master", "Slave" };
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_system_clock_mode(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2049,19 +2037,16 @@ static int hdsp_set_clock_source(struct hdsp *hdsp, int mode)
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_clock_source(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"AutoSync", "Internal 32.0 kHz", "Internal 44.1 kHz", "Internal 48.0 kHz", "Internal 64.0 kHz", "Internal 88.2 kHz", "Internal 96.0 kHz", "Internal 128 kHz", "Internal 176.4 kHz", "Internal 192.0 KHz" };
+	static const char * const texts[] = {
+		"AutoSync", "Internal 32.0 kHz", "Internal 44.1 kHz",
+		"Internal 48.0 kHz", "Internal 64.0 kHz", "Internal 88.2 kHz",
+		"Internal 96.0 kHz", "Internal 128 kHz", "Internal 176.4 kHz",
+		"Internal 192.0 KHz"
+	};
 	struct hdsp *hdsp = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	if (hdsp->io_type == H9632)
-	    uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 10;
-	else
-	    uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 7;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, (hdsp->io_type == H9632) ? 10 : 7,
+				 texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_clock_source(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2165,15 +2150,9 @@ static int hdsp_set_da_gain(struct hdsp *hdsp, int mode)
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_da_gain(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"Hi Gain", "+4 dBu", "-10 dbV"};
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"Hi Gain", "+4 dBu", "-10 dbV"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_da_gain(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2250,15 +2229,9 @@ static int hdsp_set_ad_gain(struct hdsp *hdsp, int mode)
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_ad_gain(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"-10 dBV", "+4 dBu", "Lo Gain"};
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"-10 dBV", "+4 dBu", "Lo Gain"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_ad_gain(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2335,15 +2308,9 @@ static int hdsp_set_phone_gain(struct hdsp *hdsp, int mode)
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_phone_gain(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"0 dB", "-6 dB", "-12 dB"};
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"0 dB", "-6 dB", "-12 dB"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_phone_gain(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2439,31 +2406,28 @@ static int hdsp_set_pref_sync_ref(struct hdsp *hdsp, int pref)
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_pref_sync_ref(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"Word", "IEC958", "ADAT1", "ADAT Sync", "ADAT2", "ADAT3" };
+	static const char * const texts[] = {
+		"Word", "IEC958", "ADAT1", "ADAT Sync", "ADAT2", "ADAT3"
+	};
 	struct hdsp *hdsp = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
+	int num_items;
 
 	switch (hdsp->io_type) {
 	case Digiface:
 	case H9652:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 6;
+		num_items = 6;
 		break;
 	case Multiface:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
+		num_items = 4;
 		break;
 	case H9632:
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
+		num_items = 3;
 		break;
 	default:
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, num_items, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_pref_sync_ref(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2543,15 +2507,11 @@ static int hdsp_autosync_ref(struct hdsp *hdsp)
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_autosync_ref(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"Word", "ADAT Sync", "IEC958", "None", "ADAT1", "ADAT2", "ADAT3" };
+	static const char * const texts[] = {
+		"Word", "ADAT Sync", "IEC958", "None", "ADAT1", "ADAT2", "ADAT3"
+	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 7;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 7, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdsp_get_autosync_ref(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -2738,14 +2698,9 @@ static int snd_hdsp_put_mixer(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_sync_check(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"No Lock", "Lock", "Sync" };
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"No Lock", "Lock", "Sync" };
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int hdsp_wc_sync_check(struct hdsp *hdsp)
@@ -3101,15 +3056,11 @@ static int snd_hdsp_put_rpm_input12(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ct
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_rpm_input(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"Phono +6dB", "Phono 0dB", "Phono -6dB", "Line 0dB", "Line -6dB"};
+	static const char * const texts[] = {
+		"Phono +6dB", "Phono 0dB", "Phono -6dB", "Line 0dB", "Line -6dB"
+	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 5;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 5, texts);
 }
 
 
@@ -3234,15 +3185,9 @@ static int snd_hdsp_put_rpm_bypass(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_rpm_bypass(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"On", "Off"};
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"On", "Off"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 
@@ -3291,15 +3236,9 @@ static int snd_hdsp_put_rpm_disconnect(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd
 
 static int snd_hdsp_info_rpm_disconnect(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[] = {"On", "Off"};
+	static const char * const texts[] = {"On", "Off"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_hdsp_rpm_controls[] = {
@@ -5368,8 +5307,7 @@ static int snd_hdsp_free(struct hdsp *hdsp)
 
 	snd_hdsp_free_buffers(hdsp);
 
-	if (hdsp->firmware)
-		release_firmware(hdsp->firmware);
+	release_firmware(hdsp->firmware);
 	vfree(hdsp->fw_uploaded);
 
 	if (hdsp->iobase)
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
index 52d86af3ef2d..3342705a5715 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
@@ -1257,14 +1257,13 @@ static int hdspm_rate_multiplier(struct hdspm *hdspm, int rate)
 /* check for external sample rate, returns the sample rate in Hz*/
 static int hdspm_external_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 {
-	unsigned int status, status2, timecode;
+	unsigned int status, status2;
 	int syncref, rate = 0, rate_bits;
 
 	switch (hdspm->io_type) {
 	case AES32:
 		status2 = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_statusRegister2);
 		status = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_statusRegister);
-		timecode = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_timecodeRegister);
 
 		syncref = hdspm_autosync_ref(hdspm);
 		switch (syncref) {
@@ -2202,10 +2201,10 @@ static inline int hdspm_get_pll_freq(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 	return rate;
 }
 
-/**
+/*
  * Calculate the real sample rate from the
  * current DDS value.
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_get_system_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 {
 	unsigned int rate;
@@ -2271,9 +2270,9 @@ static int snd_hdspm_put_system_sample_rate(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 }
 
 
-/**
+/*
  * Returns the WordClock sample rate class for the given card.
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_get_wc_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 {
 	int status;
@@ -2296,9 +2295,9 @@ static int hdspm_get_wc_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 }
 
 
-/**
+/*
  * Returns the TCO sample rate class for the given card.
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_get_tco_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 {
 	int status;
@@ -2322,9 +2321,9 @@ static int hdspm_get_tco_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 }
 
 
-/**
+/*
  * Returns the SYNC_IN sample rate class for the given card.
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_get_sync_in_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 {
 	int status;
@@ -2344,9 +2343,9 @@ static int hdspm_get_sync_in_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/**
+/*
  * Returns the AES sample rate class for the given card.
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_get_aes_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm, int index)
 {
 	int timecode;
@@ -2362,10 +2361,10 @@ static int hdspm_get_aes_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm, int index)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/**
+/*
  * Returns the sample rate class for input source <idx> for
  * 'new style' cards like the AIO and RayDAT.
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_get_s1_sample_rate(struct hdspm *hdspm, unsigned int idx)
 {
 	int status = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_RD_STATUS_2);
@@ -2513,10 +2512,10 @@ static int snd_hdspm_get_autosync_sample_rate(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 }
 
 
-/**
+/*
  * Returns the system clock mode for the given card.
  * @returns 0 - master, 1 - slave
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_system_clock_mode(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 {
 	switch (hdspm->io_type) {
@@ -2535,10 +2534,10 @@ static int hdspm_system_clock_mode(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 }
 
 
-/**
+/*
  * Sets the system clock mode.
  * @param mode 0 - master, 1 - slave
- **/
+ */
 static void hdspm_set_system_clock_mode(struct hdspm *hdspm, int mode)
 {
 	hdspm_set_toggle_setting(hdspm,
@@ -2645,18 +2644,7 @@ static int hdspm_set_clock_source(struct hdspm * hdspm, int mode)
 static int snd_hdspm_info_clock_source(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 9;
-
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item =
-		    uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-	       texts_freq[uinfo->value.enumerated.item+1]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 9, texts_freq + 1);
 }
 
 static int snd_hdspm_get_clock_source(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -2704,11 +2692,11 @@ static int snd_hdspm_put_clock_source(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 }
 
 
-/**
+/*
  * Returns the current preferred sync reference setting.
  * The semantics of the return value are depending on the
  * card, please see the comments for clarification.
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_pref_sync_ref(struct hdspm * hdspm)
 {
 	switch (hdspm->io_type) {
@@ -2807,11 +2795,11 @@ static int hdspm_pref_sync_ref(struct hdspm * hdspm)
 }
 
 
-/**
+/*
  * Set the preferred sync reference to <pref>. The semantics
  * of <pref> are depending on the card type, see the comments
  * for clarification.
- **/
+ */
 static int hdspm_set_pref_sync_ref(struct hdspm * hdspm, int pref)
 {
 	int p = 0;
@@ -4113,9 +4101,9 @@ static int snd_hdspm_get_sync_check(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 
 
 
-/**
+/*
  * TCO controls
- **/
+ */
 static void hdspm_tco_write(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 {
 	unsigned int tc[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0};
@@ -4873,18 +4861,15 @@ snd_hdspm_proc_read_madi(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 			 struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 {
 	struct hdspm *hdspm = entry->private_data;
-	unsigned int status, status2, control, freq;
+	unsigned int status, status2;
 
 	char *pref_sync_ref;
 	char *autosync_ref;
 	char *system_clock_mode;
-	char *insel;
 	int x, x2;
 
 	status = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_statusRegister);
 	status2 = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_statusRegister2);
-	control = hdspm->control_register;
-	freq = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_timecodeRegister);
 
 	snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s (Card #%d) Rev.%x Status2first3bits: %x\n",
 			hdspm->card_name, hdspm->card->number + 1,
@@ -4947,17 +4932,6 @@ snd_hdspm_proc_read_madi(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Line out: %s\n",
 		(hdspm->control_register & HDSPM_LineOut) ? "on " : "off");
 
-	switch (hdspm->control_register & HDSPM_InputMask) {
-	case HDSPM_InputOptical:
-		insel = "Optical";
-		break;
-	case HDSPM_InputCoaxial:
-		insel = "Coaxial";
-		break;
-	default:
-		insel = "Unknown";
-	}
-
 	snd_iprintf(buffer,
 		"ClearTrackMarker = %s, Transmit in %s Channel Mode, "
 		"Auto Input %s\n",
@@ -5202,15 +5176,13 @@ snd_hdspm_proc_read_raydat(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 			 struct snd_info_buffer *buffer)
 {
 	struct hdspm *hdspm = entry->private_data;
-	unsigned int status1, status2, status3, control, i;
+	unsigned int status1, status2, status3, i;
 	unsigned int lock, sync;
 
 	status1 = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_RD_STATUS_1); /* s1 */
 	status2 = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_RD_STATUS_2); /* freq */
 	status3 = hdspm_read(hdspm, HDSPM_RD_STATUS_3); /* s2 */
 
-	control = hdspm->control_register;
-
 	snd_iprintf(buffer, "STATUS1: 0x%08x\n", status1);
 	snd_iprintf(buffer, "STATUS2: 0x%08x\n", status2);
 	snd_iprintf(buffer, "STATUS3: 0x%08x\n", status3);
@@ -5431,7 +5403,7 @@ static irqreturn_t snd_hdspm_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
 			HDSPM_midi2IRQPending | HDSPM_midi3IRQPending);
 
 	/* now = get_cycles(); */
-	/**
+	/*
 	 *   LAT_2..LAT_0 period  counter (win)  counter (mac)
 	 *          6       4096   ~256053425     ~514672358
 	 *          5       2048   ~128024983     ~257373821
@@ -5440,7 +5412,7 @@ static irqreturn_t snd_hdspm_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
 	 *          2        256    ~16003039      ~32260176
 	 *          1        128     ~7998738      ~16194507
 	 *          0         64     ~3998231       ~8191558
-	 **/
+	 */
 	/*
 	  dev_info(hdspm->card->dev, "snd_hdspm_interrupt %llu @ %llx\n",
 	   now-hdspm->last_interrupt, status & 0xFFC0);
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
index fa9a2a8dce5a..6521521853b8 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
@@ -920,15 +920,9 @@ static int rme9652_set_adat1_input(struct snd_rme9652 *rme9652, int internal)
 
 static int snd_rme9652_info_adat1_in(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[2] = {"ADAT1", "Internal"};
+	static const char * const texts[2] = {"ADAT1", "Internal"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_rme9652_get_adat1_in(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -991,15 +985,9 @@ static int rme9652_set_spdif_input(struct snd_rme9652 *rme9652, int in)
 
 static int snd_rme9652_info_spdif_in(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = {"ADAT1", "Coaxial", "Internal"};
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {"ADAT1", "Coaxial", "Internal"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_rme9652_get_spdif_in(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1140,15 +1128,11 @@ static int rme9652_set_sync_mode(struct snd_rme9652 *rme9652, int mode)
 
 static int snd_rme9652_info_sync_mode(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[3] = {"AutoSync", "Master", "Word Clock"};
+	static const char * const texts[3] = {
+		"AutoSync", "Master", "Word Clock"
+	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 3, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_rme9652_get_sync_mode(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1231,16 +1215,14 @@ static int rme9652_set_sync_pref(struct snd_rme9652 *rme9652, int pref)
 
 static int snd_rme9652_info_sync_pref(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = {"IEC958 In", "ADAT1 In", "ADAT2 In", "ADAT3 In"};
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
+		"IEC958 In", "ADAT1 In", "ADAT2 In", "ADAT3 In"
+	};
 	struct snd_rme9652 *rme9652 = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = rme9652->ss_channels == RME9652_NCHANNELS ? 4 : 3;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1,
+				 rme9652->ss_channels == RME9652_NCHANNELS ? 4 : 3,
+				 texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_rme9652_get_sync_pref(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
@@ -1392,15 +1374,11 @@ static int snd_rme9652_get_spdif_rate(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_
 
 static int snd_rme9652_info_adat_sync(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = {"No Lock", "Lock", "No Lock Sync", "Lock Sync"};
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
+		"No Lock", "Lock", "No Lock Sync", "Lock Sync"
+	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= uinfo->value.enumerated.items)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = uinfo->value.enumerated.items - 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 4, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_rme9652_get_adat_sync(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c b/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
index 5b0d317cc9a6..313a7328bf9c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
+++ b/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
@@ -918,17 +918,11 @@ static int snd_sonicvibes_pcm(struct sonicvibes *sonic, int device,
 
 static int snd_sonicvibes_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[7] = {
+	static const char * const texts[7] = {
 		"CD", "PCM", "Aux1", "Line", "Aux0", "Mic", "Mix"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 2;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 7;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= 7)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 6;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 2, 7, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_sonicvibes_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
diff --git a/sound/pci/trident/trident_main.c b/sound/pci/trident/trident_main.c
index da875dced2ef..57cd757acfe7 100644
--- a/sound/pci/trident/trident_main.c
+++ b/sound/pci/trident/trident_main.c
@@ -3702,8 +3702,7 @@ static int snd_trident_free(struct snd_trident *trident)
 		free_irq(trident->irq, trident);
 	if (trident->tlb.buffer.area) {
 		outl(0, TRID_REG(trident, NX_TLBC));
-		if (trident->tlb.memhdr)
-			snd_util_memhdr_free(trident->tlb.memhdr);
+		snd_util_memhdr_free(trident->tlb.memhdr);
 		if (trident->tlb.silent_page.area)
 			snd_dma_free_pages(&trident->tlb.silent_page);
 		vfree(trident->tlb.shadow_entries);
diff --git a/sound/pci/via82xx.c b/sound/pci/via82xx.c
index ecedf4dbfa2a..e088467fb736 100644
--- a/sound/pci/via82xx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/via82xx.c
@@ -1610,16 +1610,10 @@ static int snd_via8233_capture_source_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	/* formerly they were "Line" and "Mic", but it looks like that they
 	 * have nothing to do with the actual physical connections...
 	 */
-	static char *texts[2] = {
+	static const char * const texts[2] = {
 		"Input1", "Input2"
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= 2)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_via8233_capture_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222_ops.c b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222_ops.c
index 2d1570273e99..52c1a8d5b88a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222_ops.c
+++ b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222_ops.c
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ static inline unsigned long vx2_reg_addr(struct vx_core *_chip, int reg)
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_inb - read a byte from the register
+ * @chip: VX core instance
  * @offset: register enum
  */
 static unsigned char vx2_inb(struct vx_core *chip, int offset)
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ static unsigned char vx2_inb(struct vx_core *chip, int offset)
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_outb - write a byte on the register
+ * @chip: VX core instance
  * @offset: the register offset
  * @val: the value to write
  */
@@ -114,6 +116,7 @@ static void vx2_outb(struct vx_core *chip, int offset, unsigned char val)
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_inl - read a 32bit word from the register
+ * @chip: VX core instance
  * @offset: register enum
  */
 static unsigned int vx2_inl(struct vx_core *chip, int offset)
@@ -123,6 +126,7 @@ static unsigned int vx2_inl(struct vx_core *chip, int offset)
 
 /**
  * snd_vx_outl - write a 32bit word on the register
+ * @chip: VX core instance
  * @offset: the register enum
  * @val: the value to write
  */
@@ -223,6 +227,7 @@ static int vx2_test_xilinx(struct vx_core *_chip)
 
 /**
  * vx_setup_pseudo_dma - set up the pseudo dma read/write mode.
+ * @chip: VX core instance
  * @do_write: 0 = read, 1 = set up for DMA write
  */
 static void vx2_setup_pseudo_dma(struct vx_core *chip, int do_write)
diff --git a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
index 92ec11456e3a..b16f42deed67 100644
--- a/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
+++ b/sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ static int snd_vxpocket_new(struct snd_card *card, int ibl,
 
 /**
  * snd_vxpocket_assign_resources - initialize the hardware and card instance.
+ * @chip: VX core instance
  * @port: i/o port for the card
  * @irq: irq number for the card
  *
diff --git a/sound/ppc/pmac.c b/sound/ppc/pmac.c
index 8a431bcb056c..5a13b22748b2 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/pmac.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/pmac.c
@@ -887,8 +887,7 @@ static int snd_pmac_free(struct snd_pmac *chip)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (chip->pdev)
-		pci_dev_put(chip->pdev);
+	pci_dev_put(chip->pdev);
 	of_node_put(chip->node);
 	kfree(chip);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/ppc/tumbler.c b/sound/ppc/tumbler.c
index b9ffc17a4799..24c8766a925d 100644
--- a/sound/ppc/tumbler.c
+++ b/sound/ppc/tumbler.c
@@ -795,16 +795,11 @@ static int snapper_set_capture_source(struct pmac_tumbler *mix)
 static int snapper_info_capture_source(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[2] = {
+	static const char * const texts[2] = {
 		"Line", "Mic"
 	};
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name, texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, texts);
 }
 
 static int snapper_get_capture_source(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-dma.c b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-dma.c
index b79a2a864513..33fb3bb133df 100644
--- a/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-dma.c
+++ b/sound/soc/atmel/atmel-pcm-dma.c
@@ -80,9 +80,7 @@ static void atmel_pcm_dma_irq(u32 ssc_sr,
 
 		/* stop RX and capture: will be enabled again at restart */
 		ssc_writex(prtd->ssc->regs, SSC_CR, prtd->mask->ssc_disable);
-		snd_pcm_stream_lock(substream);
-		snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		snd_pcm_stream_unlock(substream);
+		snd_pcm_stop_xrun(substream);
 
 		/* now drain RHR and read status to remove xrun condition */
 		ssc_readx(prtd->ssc->regs, SSC_RHR);
diff --git a/sound/soc/fsl/fsl_dma.c b/sound/soc/fsl/fsl_dma.c
index a609aafc994d..b2b108805b24 100644
--- a/sound/soc/fsl/fsl_dma.c
+++ b/sound/soc/fsl/fsl_dma.c
@@ -151,14 +151,7 @@ static const struct snd_pcm_hardware fsl_dma_hardware = {
  */
 static void fsl_dma_abort_stream(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(substream, flags);
-
-	if (snd_pcm_running(substream))
-		snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-
-	snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(substream, flags);
+	snd_pcm_stop_xrun(substream);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/sound/sparc/cs4231.c b/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
index 4e91bcaa3664..06606f9bbf78 100644
--- a/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
+++ b/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
@@ -1285,19 +1285,11 @@ static int snd_cs4231_timer(struct snd_card *card)
 static int snd_cs4231_info_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			       struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static char *texts[4] = {
+	static const char * const texts[4] = {
 		"Line", "CD", "Mic", "Mix"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 2;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 4;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 3)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 3;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 2, 4, texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_cs4231_get_mux(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/usb/6fire/control.c b/sound/usb/6fire/control.c
index 184e3987ac24..54656eed6e2e 100644
--- a/sound/usb/6fire/control.c
+++ b/sound/usb/6fire/control.c
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include "comm.h"
 #include "chip.h"
 
-static char *opt_coax_texts[2] = { "Optical", "Coax" };
-static char *line_phono_texts[2] = { "Line", "Phono" };
+static const char * const opt_coax_texts[2] = { "Optical", "Coax" };
+static const char * const line_phono_texts[2] = { "Line", "Phono" };
 
 /*
  * data that needs to be sent to device. sets up card internal stuff.
@@ -327,14 +327,7 @@ static int usb6fire_control_input_vol_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int usb6fire_control_line_phono_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-			line_phono_texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, line_phono_texts);
 }
 
 static int usb6fire_control_line_phono_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -361,14 +354,7 @@ static int usb6fire_control_line_phono_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int usb6fire_control_opt_coax_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-			opt_coax_texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, 2, opt_coax_texts);
 }
 
 static int usb6fire_control_opt_coax_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
diff --git a/sound/usb/6fire/firmware.c b/sound/usb/6fire/firmware.c
index 3b02e54b8f6d..62c25e74f0e5 100644
--- a/sound/usb/6fire/firmware.c
+++ b/sound/usb/6fire/firmware.c
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ static int usb6fire_fw_fpga_upload(
 
 	while (c != end) {
 		for (i = 0; c != end && i < FPGA_BUFSIZE; i++, c++)
-			buffer[i] = byte_rev_table[(u8) *c];
+			buffer[i] = bitrev8((u8)*c);
 
 		ret = usb6fire_fw_fpga_write(device, buffer, i);
 		if (ret < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/usb/6fire/pcm.c b/sound/usb/6fire/pcm.c
index ba40489b2de4..36f4115eb1cd 100644
--- a/sound/usb/6fire/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/usb/6fire/pcm.c
@@ -679,25 +679,16 @@ int usb6fire_pcm_init(struct sfire_chip *chip)
 void usb6fire_pcm_abort(struct sfire_chip *chip)
 {
 	struct pcm_runtime *rt = chip->pcm;
-	unsigned long flags;
 	int i;
 
 	if (rt) {
 		rt->panic = true;
 
-		if (rt->playback.instance) {
-			snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(rt->playback.instance, flags);
-			snd_pcm_stop(rt->playback.instance,
-					SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-			snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(rt->playback.instance, flags);
-		}
+		if (rt->playback.instance)
+			snd_pcm_stop_xrun(rt->playback.instance);
 
-		if (rt->capture.instance) {
-			snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(rt->capture.instance, flags);
-			snd_pcm_stop(rt->capture.instance,
-					SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-			snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(rt->capture.instance, flags);
-		}
+		if (rt->capture.instance)
+			snd_pcm_stop_xrun(rt->capture.instance);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < PCM_N_URBS; i++) {
 			usb_poison_urb(&rt->in_urbs[i].instance);
diff --git a/sound/usb/Makefile b/sound/usb/Makefile
index 2b92f0dcbc4c..bcee4060fd18 100644
--- a/sound/usb/Makefile
+++ b/sound/usb/Makefile
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ snd-usb-audio-objs := 	card.o \
 			helper.o \
 			mixer.o \
 			mixer_quirks.o \
+			mixer_scarlett.o \
 			pcm.o \
 			proc.o \
 			quirks.o \
diff --git a/sound/usb/card.c b/sound/usb/card.c
index f61ebb17cc64..1fab9778807a 100644
--- a/sound/usb/card.c
+++ b/sound/usb/card.c
@@ -112,15 +112,13 @@ static struct usb_driver usb_audio_driver;
 
 /*
  * disconnect streams
- * called from snd_usb_audio_disconnect()
+ * called from usb_audio_disconnect()
  */
-static void snd_usb_stream_disconnect(struct list_head *head)
+static void snd_usb_stream_disconnect(struct snd_usb_stream *as)
 {
 	int idx;
-	struct snd_usb_stream *as;
 	struct snd_usb_substream *subs;
 
-	as = list_entry(head, struct snd_usb_stream, list);
 	for (idx = 0; idx < 2; idx++) {
 		subs = &as->substream[idx];
 		if (!subs->num_formats)
@@ -307,10 +305,10 @@ static int snd_usb_create_streams(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif)
 
 static int snd_usb_audio_free(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
 {
-	struct list_head *p, *n;
+	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep, *n;
 
-	list_for_each_safe(p, n, &chip->ep_list)
-		snd_usb_endpoint_free(p);
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(ep, n, &chip->ep_list, list)
+		snd_usb_endpoint_free(ep);
 
 	mutex_destroy(&chip->mutex);
 	kfree(chip);
@@ -323,16 +321,6 @@ static int snd_usb_audio_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
 	return snd_usb_audio_free(chip);
 }
 
-static void remove_trailing_spaces(char *str)
-{
-	char *p;
-
-	if (!*str)
-		return;
-	for (p = str + strlen(str) - 1; p >= str && isspace(*p); p--)
-		*p = 0;
-}
-
 /*
  * create a chip instance and set its names.
  */
@@ -416,7 +404,7 @@ static int snd_usb_audio_create(struct usb_interface *intf,
 				USB_ID_PRODUCT(chip->usb_id));
 		}
 	}
-	remove_trailing_spaces(card->shortname);
+	strim(card->shortname);
 
 	/* retrieve the vendor and device strings as longname */
 	if (quirk && quirk->vendor_name && *quirk->vendor_name) {
@@ -430,7 +418,7 @@ static int snd_usb_audio_create(struct usb_interface *intf,
 		/* we don't really care if there isn't any vendor string */
 	}
 	if (len > 0) {
-		remove_trailing_spaces(card->longname);
+		strim(card->longname);
 		if (*card->longname)
 			strlcat(card->longname, " ", sizeof(card->longname));
 	}
@@ -475,14 +463,14 @@ static int snd_usb_audio_create(struct usb_interface *intf,
  * only at the first time.  the successive calls of this function will
  * append the pcm interface to the corresponding card.
  */
-static struct snd_usb_audio *
-snd_usb_audio_probe(struct usb_device *dev,
-		    struct usb_interface *intf,
-		    const struct usb_device_id *usb_id)
+static int usb_audio_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
+			   const struct usb_device_id *usb_id)
 {
-	const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk = (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *)usb_id->driver_info;
-	int i, err;
+	struct usb_device *dev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
+	const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk =
+		(const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *)usb_id->driver_info;
 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
+	int i, err;
 	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
 	int ifnum;
 	u32 id;
@@ -492,10 +480,11 @@ snd_usb_audio_probe(struct usb_device *dev,
 	id = USB_ID(le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
 		    le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
 	if (quirk && quirk->ifnum >= 0 && ifnum != quirk->ifnum)
-		goto __err_val;
+		return -ENXIO;
 
-	if (snd_usb_apply_boot_quirk(dev, intf, quirk) < 0)
-		goto __err_val;
+	err = snd_usb_apply_boot_quirk(dev, intf, quirk);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	/*
 	 * found a config.  now register to ALSA
@@ -508,6 +497,7 @@ snd_usb_audio_probe(struct usb_device *dev,
 		if (usb_chip[i] && usb_chip[i]->dev == dev) {
 			if (usb_chip[i]->shutdown) {
 				dev_err(&dev->dev, "USB device is in the shutdown state, cannot create a card instance\n");
+				err = -EIO;
 				goto __error;
 			}
 			chip = usb_chip[i];
@@ -523,15 +513,16 @@ snd_usb_audio_probe(struct usb_device *dev,
 			if (enable[i] && ! usb_chip[i] &&
 			    (vid[i] == -1 || vid[i] == USB_ID_VENDOR(id)) &&
 			    (pid[i] == -1 || pid[i] == USB_ID_PRODUCT(id))) {
-				if (snd_usb_audio_create(intf, dev, i, quirk,
-							 &chip) < 0) {
+				err = snd_usb_audio_create(intf, dev, i, quirk,
+							   &chip);
+				if (err < 0)
 					goto __error;
-				}
 				chip->pm_intf = intf;
 				break;
 			}
 		if (!chip) {
 			dev_err(&dev->dev, "no available usb audio device\n");
+			err = -ENODEV;
 			goto __error;
 		}
 	}
@@ -548,28 +539,32 @@ snd_usb_audio_probe(struct usb_device *dev,
 	err = 1; /* continue */
 	if (quirk && quirk->ifnum != QUIRK_NO_INTERFACE) {
 		/* need some special handlings */
-		if ((err = snd_usb_create_quirk(chip, intf, &usb_audio_driver, quirk)) < 0)
+		err = snd_usb_create_quirk(chip, intf, &usb_audio_driver, quirk);
+		if (err < 0)
 			goto __error;
 	}
 
 	if (err > 0) {
 		/* create normal USB audio interfaces */
-		if (snd_usb_create_streams(chip, ifnum) < 0 ||
-		    snd_usb_create_mixer(chip, ifnum, ignore_ctl_error) < 0) {
+		err = snd_usb_create_streams(chip, ifnum);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto __error;
+		err = snd_usb_create_mixer(chip, ifnum, ignore_ctl_error);
+		if (err < 0)
 			goto __error;
-		}
 	}
 
 	/* we are allowed to call snd_card_register() many times */
-	if (snd_card_register(chip->card) < 0) {
+	err = snd_card_register(chip->card);
+	if (err < 0)
 		goto __error;
-	}
 
 	usb_chip[chip->index] = chip;
 	chip->num_interfaces++;
 	chip->probing = 0;
+	usb_set_intfdata(intf, chip);
 	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
-	return chip;
+	return 0;
 
  __error:
 	if (chip) {
@@ -578,17 +573,16 @@ snd_usb_audio_probe(struct usb_device *dev,
 		chip->probing = 0;
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
- __err_val:
-	return NULL;
+	return err;
 }
 
 /*
  * we need to take care of counter, since disconnection can be called also
  * many times as well as usb_audio_probe().
  */
-static void snd_usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_device *dev,
-				     struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
+static void usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
 {
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct list_head *p;
 	bool was_shutdown;
@@ -604,12 +598,14 @@ static void snd_usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_device *dev,
 
 	mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
 	if (!was_shutdown) {
+		struct snd_usb_stream *as;
 		struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
+		struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
 
 		snd_card_disconnect(card);
 		/* release the pcm resources */
-		list_for_each(p, &chip->pcm_list) {
-			snd_usb_stream_disconnect(p);
+		list_for_each_entry(as, &chip->pcm_list, list) {
+			snd_usb_stream_disconnect(as);
 		}
 		/* release the endpoint resources */
 		list_for_each_entry(ep, &chip->ep_list, list) {
@@ -620,8 +616,8 @@ static void snd_usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_device *dev,
 			snd_usbmidi_disconnect(p);
 		}
 		/* release mixer resources */
-		list_for_each(p, &chip->mixer_list) {
-			snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(p);
+		list_for_each_entry(mixer, &chip->mixer_list, list) {
+			snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(mixer);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -635,27 +631,6 @@ static void snd_usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_device *dev,
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * new 2.5 USB kernel API
- */
-static int usb_audio_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
-			   const struct usb_device_id *id)
-{
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
-	chip = snd_usb_audio_probe(interface_to_usbdev(intf), intf, id);
-	if (chip) {
-		usb_set_intfdata(intf, chip);
-		return 0;
-	} else
-		return -EIO;
-}
-
-static void usb_audio_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
-{
-	snd_usb_audio_disconnect(interface_to_usbdev(intf),
-				 usb_get_intfdata(intf));
-}
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM
 
 int snd_usb_autoresume(struct snd_usb_audio *chip)
diff --git a/sound/usb/endpoint.c b/sound/usb/endpoint.c
index 114e3e7ff511..03b074419964 100644
--- a/sound/usb/endpoint.c
+++ b/sound/usb/endpoint.c
@@ -348,6 +348,8 @@ static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
 {
 	struct snd_urb_ctx *ctx = urb->context;
 	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep = ctx->ep;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+	unsigned long flags;
 	int err;
 
 	if (unlikely(urb->status == -ENOENT ||		/* unlinked */
@@ -364,8 +366,6 @@ static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
 			goto exit_clear;
 
 		if (snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(ep)) {
-			unsigned long flags;
-
 			spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
 			list_add_tail(&ctx->ready_list, &ep->ready_playback_urbs);
 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
@@ -389,7 +389,10 @@ static void snd_complete_urb(struct urb *urb)
 		return;
 
 	usb_audio_err(ep->chip, "cannot submit urb (err = %d)\n", err);
-	//snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+	if (ep->data_subs && ep->data_subs->pcm_substream) {
+		substream = ep->data_subs->pcm_substream;
+		snd_pcm_stop_xrun(substream);
+	}
 
 exit_clear:
 	clear_bit(ctx->index, &ep->active_mask);
@@ -1002,15 +1005,12 @@ void snd_usb_endpoint_release(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
 /**
  * snd_usb_endpoint_free: Free the resources of an snd_usb_endpoint
  *
- * @ep: the list header of the endpoint to free
+ * @ep: the endpoint to free
  *
  * This free all resources of the given ep.
  */
-void snd_usb_endpoint_free(struct list_head *head)
+void snd_usb_endpoint_free(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep;
-
-	ep = list_entry(head, struct snd_usb_endpoint, list);
 	kfree(ep);
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/endpoint.h b/sound/usb/endpoint.h
index e61ee5c356a3..6428392d8f62 100644
--- a/sound/usb/endpoint.h
+++ b/sound/usb/endpoint.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void snd_usb_endpoint_sync_pending_stop(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
 int  snd_usb_endpoint_activate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
 void snd_usb_endpoint_deactivate(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
 void snd_usb_endpoint_release(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
-void snd_usb_endpoint_free(struct list_head *head);
+void snd_usb_endpoint_free(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
 
 int snd_usb_endpoint_implicit_feedback_sink(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
 int snd_usb_endpoint_next_packet_size(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep);
diff --git a/sound/usb/misc/ua101.c b/sound/usb/misc/ua101.c
index a1bab149df4d..9581089c28c5 100644
--- a/sound/usb/misc/ua101.c
+++ b/sound/usb/misc/ua101.c
@@ -613,24 +613,14 @@ static int start_usb_playback(struct ua101 *ua)
 
 static void abort_alsa_capture(struct ua101 *ua)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (test_bit(ALSA_CAPTURE_RUNNING, &ua->states)) {
-		snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(ua->capture.substream, flags);
-		snd_pcm_stop(ua->capture.substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(ua->capture.substream, flags);
-	}
+	if (test_bit(ALSA_CAPTURE_RUNNING, &ua->states))
+		snd_pcm_stop_xrun(ua->capture.substream);
 }
 
 static void abort_alsa_playback(struct ua101 *ua)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	if (test_bit(ALSA_PLAYBACK_RUNNING, &ua->states)) {
-		snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(ua->playback.substream, flags);
-		snd_pcm_stop(ua->playback.substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-		snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(ua->playback.substream, flags);
-	}
+	if (test_bit(ALSA_PLAYBACK_RUNNING, &ua->states))
+		snd_pcm_stop_xrun(ua->playback.substream);
 }
 
 static int set_stream_hw(struct ua101 *ua, struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer.c b/sound/usb/mixer.c
index 6e354d326858..41650d5b93b7 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer.c
@@ -136,6 +136,10 @@ check_mapped_name(const struct usbmix_name_map *p, char *buf, int buflen)
 	return strlcpy(buf, p->name, buflen);
 }
 
+/* ignore the error value if ignore_ctl_error flag is set */
+#define filter_error(cval, err) \
+	((cval)->head.mixer->ignore_ctl_error ? 0 : (err))
+
 /* check whether the control should be ignored */
 static inline int
 check_ignored_ctl(const struct usbmix_name_map *p)
@@ -286,13 +290,13 @@ static int get_abs_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int val)
 static int get_ctl_value_v1(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request,
 			    int validx, int *value_ret)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = cval->mixer->chip;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = cval->head.mixer->chip;
 	unsigned char buf[2];
 	int val_len = cval->val_type >= USB_MIXER_S16 ? 2 : 1;
 	int timeout = 10;
 	int idx = 0, err;
 
-	err = snd_usb_autoresume(cval->mixer->chip);
+	err = snd_usb_autoresume(chip);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return -EIO;
 
@@ -300,7 +304,7 @@ static int get_ctl_value_v1(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request,
 	while (timeout-- > 0) {
 		if (chip->shutdown)
 			break;
-		idx = snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (cval->id << 8);
+		idx = snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (cval->head.id << 8);
 		if (snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), request,
 				    USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
 				    validx, idx, buf, val_len) >= val_len) {
@@ -316,14 +320,14 @@ static int get_ctl_value_v1(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request,
 
  out:
 	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	snd_usb_autosuspend(cval->mixer->chip);
+	snd_usb_autosuspend(chip);
 	return err;
 }
 
 static int get_ctl_value_v2(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request,
 			    int validx, int *value_ret)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = cval->mixer->chip;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = cval->head.mixer->chip;
 	unsigned char buf[2 + 3 * sizeof(__u16)]; /* enough space for one range */
 	unsigned char *val;
 	int idx = 0, ret, size;
@@ -347,7 +351,7 @@ static int get_ctl_value_v2(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request,
 	if (chip->shutdown) {
 		ret = -ENODEV;
 	} else {
-		idx = snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (cval->id << 8);
+		idx = snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (cval->head.id << 8);
 		ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), bRequest,
 			      USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
 			      validx, idx, buf, size);
@@ -392,7 +396,7 @@ static int get_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int request,
 {
 	validx += cval->idx_off;
 
-	return (cval->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) ?
+	return (cval->head.mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) ?
 		get_ctl_value_v1(cval, request, validx, value_ret) :
 		get_ctl_value_v2(cval, request, validx, value_ret);
 }
@@ -412,7 +416,7 @@ static inline int get_cur_mix_raw(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 			     value);
 }
 
-static int get_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
+int snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 			     int channel, int index, int *value)
 {
 	int err;
@@ -423,8 +427,8 @@ static int get_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 	}
 	err = get_cur_mix_raw(cval, channel, value);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		if (!cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error)
-			usb_audio_dbg(cval->mixer->chip,
+		if (!cval->head.mixer->ignore_ctl_error)
+			usb_audio_dbg(cval->head.mixer->chip,
 				"cannot get current value for control %d ch %d: err = %d\n",
 				      cval->control, channel, err);
 		return err;
@@ -441,13 +445,13 @@ static int get_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 int snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 				int request, int validx, int value_set)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = cval->mixer->chip;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = cval->head.mixer->chip;
 	unsigned char buf[2];
 	int idx = 0, val_len, err, timeout = 10;
 
 	validx += cval->idx_off;
 
-	if (cval->mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
+	if (cval->head.mixer->protocol == UAC_VERSION_1) {
 		val_len = cval->val_type >= USB_MIXER_S16 ? 2 : 1;
 	} else { /* UAC_VERSION_2 */
 		/* audio class v2 controls are always 2 bytes in size */
@@ -472,7 +476,7 @@ int snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 	while (timeout-- > 0) {
 		if (chip->shutdown)
 			break;
-		idx = snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (cval->id << 8);
+		idx = snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (cval->head.id << 8);
 		if (snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
 				    usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), request,
 				    USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_OUT,
@@ -497,7 +501,7 @@ static int set_cur_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 	return snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_CUR, validx, value);
 }
 
-static int set_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int channel,
+int snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int channel,
 			     int index, int value)
 {
 	int err;
@@ -506,7 +510,7 @@ static int set_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int channel,
 		cval->ch_readonly & (1 << (channel - 1));
 
 	if (read_only) {
-		usb_audio_dbg(cval->mixer->chip,
+		usb_audio_dbg(cval->head.mixer->chip,
 			      "%s(): channel %d of control %d is read_only\n",
 			    __func__, channel, cval->control);
 		return 0;
@@ -565,10 +569,10 @@ static int check_matrix_bitmap(unsigned char *bmap,
  * if failed, give up and free the control instance.
  */
 
-int snd_usb_mixer_add_control(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+int snd_usb_mixer_add_control(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list,
 			      struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval = kctl->private_data;
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = list->mixer;
 	int err;
 
 	while (snd_ctl_find_id(mixer->chip->card, &kctl->id))
@@ -578,9 +582,9 @@ int snd_usb_mixer_add_control(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 			      err);
 		return err;
 	}
-	cval->elem_id = &kctl->id;
-	cval->next_id_elem = mixer->id_elems[cval->id];
-	mixer->id_elems[cval->id] = cval;
+	list->kctl = kctl;
+	list->next_id_elem = mixer->id_elems[list->id];
+	mixer->id_elems[list->id] = list;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -815,7 +819,7 @@ static struct usb_feature_control_info audio_feature_info[] = {
 };
 
 /* private_free callback */
-static void usb_mixer_elem_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
+void snd_usb_mixer_elem_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 {
 	kfree(kctl->private_data);
 	kctl->private_data = NULL;
@@ -829,7 +833,7 @@ static void usb_mixer_elem_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 static void volume_control_quirks(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 				  struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = cval->mixer->chip;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = cval->head.mixer->chip;
 	switch (chip->usb_id) {
 	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2030): /* M-Audio Fast Track C400 */
 	case USB_ID(0x0763, 0x2031): /* M-Audio Fast Track C600 */
@@ -954,10 +958,10 @@ static int get_min_max_with_quirks(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 		}
 		if (get_ctl_value(cval, UAC_GET_MAX, (cval->control << 8) | minchn, &cval->max) < 0 ||
 		    get_ctl_value(cval, UAC_GET_MIN, (cval->control << 8) | minchn, &cval->min) < 0) {
-			usb_audio_err(cval->mixer->chip,
+			usb_audio_err(cval->head.mixer->chip,
 				      "%d:%d: cannot get min/max values for control %d (id %d)\n",
-				   cval->id, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(cval->mixer->chip),
-							       cval->control, cval->id);
+				   cval->head.id, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(cval->head.mixer->chip),
+							       cval->control, cval->head.id);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 		if (get_ctl_value(cval, UAC_GET_RES,
@@ -998,7 +1002,7 @@ static int get_min_max_with_quirks(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 				else
 					test -= cval->res;
 				if (test < cval->min || test > cval->max ||
-				    set_cur_mix_value(cval, minchn, 0, test) ||
+				    snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(cval, minchn, 0, test) ||
 				    get_cur_mix_raw(cval, minchn, &check)) {
 					cval->res = last_valid_res;
 					break;
@@ -1007,7 +1011,7 @@ static int get_min_max_with_quirks(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 					break;
 				cval->res *= 2;
 			}
-			set_cur_mix_value(cval, minchn, 0, saved);
+			snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(cval, minchn, 0, saved);
 		}
 
 		cval->initialized = 1;
@@ -1061,7 +1065,7 @@ static int mixer_ctl_feature_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				kcontrol->vd[0].access &= 
 					~(SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ |
 					  SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_CALLBACK);
-				snd_ctl_notify(cval->mixer->chip->card,
+				snd_ctl_notify(cval->head.mixer->chip->card,
 					       SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_INFO,
 					       &kcontrol->id);
 			}
@@ -1086,9 +1090,9 @@ static int mixer_ctl_feature_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		for (c = 0; c < MAX_CHANNELS; c++) {
 			if (!(cval->cmask & (1 << c)))
 				continue;
-			err = get_cur_mix_value(cval, c + 1, cnt, &val);
+			err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(cval, c + 1, cnt, &val);
 			if (err < 0)
-				return cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error ? 0 : err;
+				return filter_error(cval, err);
 			val = get_relative_value(cval, val);
 			ucontrol->value.integer.value[cnt] = val;
 			cnt++;
@@ -1096,9 +1100,9 @@ static int mixer_ctl_feature_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		return 0;
 	} else {
 		/* master channel */
-		err = get_cur_mix_value(cval, 0, 0, &val);
+		err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(cval, 0, 0, &val);
 		if (err < 0)
-			return cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error ? 0 : err;
+			return filter_error(cval, err);
 		val = get_relative_value(cval, val);
 		ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = val;
 	}
@@ -1118,26 +1122,26 @@ static int mixer_ctl_feature_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 		for (c = 0; c < MAX_CHANNELS; c++) {
 			if (!(cval->cmask & (1 << c)))
 				continue;
-			err = get_cur_mix_value(cval, c + 1, cnt, &oval);
+			err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(cval, c + 1, cnt, &oval);
 			if (err < 0)
-				return cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error ? 0 : err;
+				return filter_error(cval, err);
 			val = ucontrol->value.integer.value[cnt];
 			val = get_abs_value(cval, val);
 			if (oval != val) {
-				set_cur_mix_value(cval, c + 1, cnt, val);
+				snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(cval, c + 1, cnt, val);
 				changed = 1;
 			}
 			cnt++;
 		}
 	} else {
 		/* master channel */
-		err = get_cur_mix_value(cval, 0, 0, &oval);
+		err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(cval, 0, 0, &oval);
 		if (err < 0)
-			return cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error ? 0 : err;
+			return filter_error(cval, err);
 		val = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
 		val = get_abs_value(cval, val);
 		if (val != oval) {
-			set_cur_mix_value(cval, 0, 0, val);
+			snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(cval, 0, 0, val);
 			changed = 1;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1231,8 +1235,7 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, void *raw_desc,
 	cval = kzalloc(sizeof(*cval), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!cval)
 		return;
-	cval->mixer = state->mixer;
-	cval->id = unitid;
+	snd_usb_mixer_elem_init_std(&cval->head, state->mixer, unitid);
 	cval->control = control;
 	cval->cmask = ctl_mask;
 	cval->val_type = audio_feature_info[control-1].type;
@@ -1250,7 +1253,7 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, void *raw_desc,
 
 	/*
 	 * If all channels in the mask are marked read-only, make the control
-	 * read-only. set_cur_mix_value() will check the mask again and won't
+	 * read-only. snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value() will check the mask again and won't
 	 * issue write commands to read-only channels.
 	 */
 	if (cval->channels == readonly_mask)
@@ -1263,7 +1266,7 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, void *raw_desc,
 		kfree(cval);
 		return;
 	}
-	kctl->private_free = usb_mixer_elem_free;
+	kctl->private_free = snd_usb_mixer_elem_free;
 
 	len = check_mapped_name(map, kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 	mapped_name = len != 0;
@@ -1290,9 +1293,8 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, void *raw_desc,
 						    kctl->id.name,
 						    sizeof(kctl->id.name), 1);
 			if (!len)
-				len = snprintf(kctl->id.name,
-					       sizeof(kctl->id.name),
-					       "Feature %d", unitid);
+				snprintf(kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name),
+					 "Feature %d", unitid);
 		}
 
 		if (!mapped_name)
@@ -1305,9 +1307,9 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, void *raw_desc,
 		 */
 		if (!mapped_name && !(state->oterm.type >> 16)) {
 			if ((state->oterm.type & 0xff00) == 0x0100)
-				len = append_ctl_name(kctl, " Capture");
+				append_ctl_name(kctl, " Capture");
 			else
-				len = append_ctl_name(kctl, " Playback");
+				append_ctl_name(kctl, " Playback");
 		}
 		append_ctl_name(kctl, control == UAC_FU_MUTE ?
 				" Switch" : " Volume");
@@ -1344,14 +1346,14 @@ static void build_feature_ctl(struct mixer_build *state, void *raw_desc,
 			       range);
 		usb_audio_warn(state->chip,
 			       "[%d] FU [%s] ch = %d, val = %d/%d/%d",
-			       cval->id, kctl->id.name, cval->channels,
+			       cval->head.id, kctl->id.name, cval->channels,
 			       cval->min, cval->max, cval->res);
 	}
 
 	usb_audio_dbg(state->chip, "[%d] FU [%s] ch = %d, val = %d/%d/%d\n",
-		      cval->id, kctl->id.name, cval->channels,
+		      cval->head.id, kctl->id.name, cval->channels,
 		      cval->min, cval->max, cval->res);
-	snd_usb_mixer_add_control(state->mixer, kctl);
+	snd_usb_mixer_add_control(&cval->head, kctl);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1525,8 +1527,7 @@ static void build_mixer_unit_ctl(struct mixer_build *state,
 	if (!cval)
 		return;
 
-	cval->mixer = state->mixer;
-	cval->id = unitid;
+	snd_usb_mixer_elem_init_std(&cval->head, state->mixer, unitid);
 	cval->control = in_ch + 1; /* based on 1 */
 	cval->val_type = USB_MIXER_S16;
 	for (i = 0; i < num_outs; i++) {
@@ -1547,7 +1548,7 @@ static void build_mixer_unit_ctl(struct mixer_build *state,
 		kfree(cval);
 		return;
 	}
-	kctl->private_free = usb_mixer_elem_free;
+	kctl->private_free = snd_usb_mixer_elem_free;
 
 	len = check_mapped_name(map, kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 	if (!len)
@@ -1558,8 +1559,8 @@ static void build_mixer_unit_ctl(struct mixer_build *state,
 	append_ctl_name(kctl, " Volume");
 
 	usb_audio_dbg(state->chip, "[%d] MU [%s] ch = %d, val = %d/%d\n",
-		    cval->id, kctl->id.name, cval->channels, cval->min, cval->max);
-	snd_usb_mixer_add_control(state->mixer, kctl);
+		    cval->head.id, kctl->id.name, cval->channels, cval->min, cval->max);
+	snd_usb_mixer_add_control(&cval->head, kctl);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1629,12 +1630,10 @@ static int mixer_ctl_procunit_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	int err, val;
 
 	err = get_cur_ctl_value(cval, cval->control << 8, &val);
-	if (err < 0 && cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error) {
+	if (err < 0) {
 		ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = cval->min;
-		return 0;
+		return filter_error(cval, err);
 	}
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
 	val = get_relative_value(cval, val);
 	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = val;
 	return 0;
@@ -1648,11 +1647,8 @@ static int mixer_ctl_procunit_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	int val, oval, err;
 
 	err = get_cur_ctl_value(cval, cval->control << 8, &oval);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		if (cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error)
-			return 0;
-		return err;
-	}
+	if (err < 0)
+		return filter_error(cval, err);
 	val = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
 	val = get_abs_value(cval, val);
 	if (val != oval) {
@@ -1814,8 +1810,7 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 		cval = kzalloc(sizeof(*cval), GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!cval)
 			return -ENOMEM;
-		cval->mixer = state->mixer;
-		cval->id = unitid;
+		snd_usb_mixer_elem_init_std(&cval->head, state->mixer, unitid);
 		cval->control = valinfo->control;
 		cval->val_type = valinfo->val_type;
 		cval->channels = 1;
@@ -1847,7 +1842,7 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 			kfree(cval);
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		}
-		kctl->private_free = usb_mixer_elem_free;
+		kctl->private_free = snd_usb_mixer_elem_free;
 
 		if (check_mapped_name(map, kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name))) {
 			/* nothing */ ;
@@ -1868,10 +1863,10 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 
 		usb_audio_dbg(state->chip,
 			      "[%d] PU [%s] ch = %d, val = %d/%d\n",
-			      cval->id, kctl->id.name, cval->channels,
+			      cval->head.id, kctl->id.name, cval->channels,
 			      cval->min, cval->max);
 
-		err = snd_usb_mixer_add_control(state->mixer, kctl);
+		err = snd_usb_mixer_add_control(&cval->head, kctl);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
 	}
@@ -1924,11 +1919,8 @@ static int mixer_ctl_selector_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 
 	err = get_cur_ctl_value(cval, cval->control << 8, &val);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		if (cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error) {
-			ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 0;
-			return 0;
-		}
-		return err;
+		ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = 0;
+		return filter_error(cval, err);
 	}
 	val = get_relative_value(cval, val);
 	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = val;
@@ -1943,11 +1935,8 @@ static int mixer_ctl_selector_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	int val, oval, err;
 
 	err = get_cur_ctl_value(cval, cval->control << 8, &oval);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		if (cval->mixer->ignore_ctl_error)
-			return 0;
-		return err;
-	}
+	if (err < 0)
+		return filter_error(cval, err);
 	val = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
 	val = get_abs_value(cval, val);
 	if (val != oval) {
@@ -2024,8 +2013,7 @@ static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 	cval = kzalloc(sizeof(*cval), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!cval)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	cval->mixer = state->mixer;
-	cval->id = unitid;
+	snd_usb_mixer_elem_init_std(&cval->head, state->mixer, unitid);
 	cval->val_type = USB_MIXER_U8;
 	cval->channels = 1;
 	cval->min = 1;
@@ -2096,11 +2084,8 @@ static int parse_audio_selector_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 	}
 
 	usb_audio_dbg(state->chip, "[%d] SU [%s] items = %d\n",
-		    cval->id, kctl->id.name, desc->bNrInPins);
-	if ((err = snd_usb_mixer_add_control(state->mixer, kctl)) < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
+		    cval->head.id, kctl->id.name, desc->bNrInPins);
+	return snd_usb_mixer_add_control(&cval->head, kctl);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2245,25 +2230,21 @@ static int snd_usb_mixer_controls(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 
 void snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer, int unitid)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *info;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list;
 
-	for (info = mixer->id_elems[unitid]; info; info = info->next_id_elem)
+	for (list = mixer->id_elems[unitid]; list; list = list->next_id_elem)
 		snd_ctl_notify(mixer->chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE,
-			       info->elem_id);
+			       &list->kctl->id);
 }
 
 static void snd_usb_mixer_dump_cval(struct snd_info_buffer *buffer,
-				    int unitid,
-				    struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval)
+				    struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
 {
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval = (struct usb_mixer_elem_info *)list;
 	static char *val_types[] = {"BOOLEAN", "INV_BOOLEAN",
 				    "S8", "U8", "S16", "U16"};
-	snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Unit: %i\n", unitid);
-	if (cval->elem_id)
-		snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Control: name=\"%s\", index=%i\n",
-				cval->elem_id->name, cval->elem_id->index);
 	snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Info: id=%i, control=%i, cmask=0x%x, "
-			    "channels=%i, type=\"%s\"\n", cval->id,
+			    "channels=%i, type=\"%s\"\n", cval->head.id,
 			    cval->control, cval->cmask, cval->channels,
 			    val_types[cval->val_type]);
 	snd_iprintf(buffer, "    Volume: min=%i, max=%i, dBmin=%i, dBmax=%i\n",
@@ -2275,7 +2256,7 @@ static void snd_usb_mixer_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 {
 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = entry->private_data;
 	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list;
 	int unitid;
 
 	list_for_each_entry(mixer, &chip->mixer_list, list) {
@@ -2285,9 +2266,17 @@ static void snd_usb_mixer_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 				mixer->ignore_ctl_error);
 		snd_iprintf(buffer, "Card: %s\n", chip->card->longname);
 		for (unitid = 0; unitid < MAX_ID_ELEMS; unitid++) {
-			for (cval = mixer->id_elems[unitid]; cval;
-						cval = cval->next_id_elem)
-				snd_usb_mixer_dump_cval(buffer, unitid, cval);
+			for (list = mixer->id_elems[unitid]; list;
+			     list = list->next_id_elem) {
+				snd_iprintf(buffer, "  Unit: %i\n", list->id);
+				if (list->kctl)
+					snd_iprintf(buffer,
+						    "    Control: name=\"%s\", index=%i\n",
+						    list->kctl->id.name,
+						    list->kctl->id.index);
+				if (list->dump)
+					list->dump(buffer, list);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -2295,7 +2284,7 @@ static void snd_usb_mixer_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 static void snd_usb_mixer_interrupt_v2(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 				       int attribute, int value, int index)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *info;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list;
 	__u8 unitid = (index >> 8) & 0xff;
 	__u8 control = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
 	__u8 channel = value & 0xff;
@@ -2307,7 +2296,13 @@ static void snd_usb_mixer_interrupt_v2(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	for (info = mixer->id_elems[unitid]; info; info = info->next_id_elem) {
+	for (list = mixer->id_elems[unitid]; list; list = list->next_id_elem) {
+		struct usb_mixer_elem_info *info;
+
+		if (!list->kctl)
+			continue;
+
+		info = (struct usb_mixer_elem_info *)list;
 		if (info->control != control)
 			continue;
 
@@ -2320,7 +2315,7 @@ static void snd_usb_mixer_interrupt_v2(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 				info->cached = 0;
 
 			snd_ctl_notify(mixer->chip->card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE,
-					info->elem_id);
+				       &info->head.kctl->id);
 			break;
 
 		case UAC2_CS_RANGE:
@@ -2485,11 +2480,8 @@ _error:
 	return err;
 }
 
-void snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(struct list_head *p)
+void snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-
-	mixer = list_entry(p, struct usb_mixer_interface, list);
 	usb_kill_urb(mixer->urb);
 	usb_kill_urb(mixer->rc_urb);
 }
@@ -2521,8 +2513,9 @@ int snd_usb_mixer_suspend(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int restore_mixer_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval)
+static int restore_mixer_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
 {
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval = (struct usb_mixer_elem_info *)list;
 	int c, err, idx;
 
 	if (cval->cmask) {
@@ -2531,7 +2524,7 @@ static int restore_mixer_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval)
 			if (!(cval->cmask & (1 << c)))
 				continue;
 			if (cval->cached & (1 << c)) {
-				err = set_cur_mix_value(cval, c + 1, idx,
+				err = snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(cval, c + 1, idx,
 							cval->cache_val[idx]);
 				if (err < 0)
 					return err;
@@ -2541,7 +2534,7 @@ static int restore_mixer_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval)
 	} else {
 		/* master */
 		if (cval->cached) {
-			err = set_cur_mix_value(cval, 0, 0, *cval->cache_val);
+			err = snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(cval, 0, 0, *cval->cache_val);
 			if (err < 0)
 				return err;
 		}
@@ -2552,19 +2545,19 @@ static int restore_mixer_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval)
 
 int snd_usb_mixer_resume(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer, bool reset_resume)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list;
 	int id, err;
 
-	/* FIXME: any mixer quirks? */
-
 	if (reset_resume) {
 		/* restore cached mixer values */
 		for (id = 0; id < MAX_ID_ELEMS; id++) {
-			for (cval = mixer->id_elems[id]; cval;
-			     cval = cval->next_id_elem) {
-				err = restore_mixer_value(cval);
-				if (err < 0)
-					return err;
+			for (list = mixer->id_elems[id]; list;
+			     list = list->next_id_elem) {
+				if (list->resume) {
+					err = list->resume(list);
+					if (err < 0)
+						return err;
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -2572,3 +2565,15 @@ int snd_usb_mixer_resume(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer, bool reset_resume)
 	return snd_usb_mixer_activate(mixer);
 }
 #endif
+
+void snd_usb_mixer_elem_init_std(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list,
+				 struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				 int unitid)
+{
+	list->mixer = mixer;
+	list->id = unitid;
+	list->dump = snd_usb_mixer_dump_cval;
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM
+	list->resume = restore_mixer_value;
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer.h b/sound/usb/mixer.h
index 73b1f649447b..d3268f0ee2b3 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer.h
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef __USBMIXER_H
 #define __USBMIXER_H
 
+#include <sound/info.h>
+
 struct usb_mixer_interface {
 	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
 	struct usb_host_interface *hostif;
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@ struct usb_mixer_interface {
 	unsigned int ignore_ctl_error;
 	struct urb *urb;
 	/* array[MAX_ID_ELEMS], indexed by unit id */
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info **id_elems;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list **id_elems;
 
 	/* the usb audio specification version this interface complies to */
 	int protocol;
@@ -20,9 +22,6 @@ struct usb_mixer_interface {
 	struct urb *rc_urb;
 	struct usb_ctrlrequest *rc_setup_packet;
 	u8 rc_buffer[6];
-
-	u8 audigy2nx_leds[3];
-	u8 xonar_u1_status;
 };
 
 #define MAX_CHANNELS	16	/* max logical channels */
@@ -36,11 +35,21 @@ enum {
 	USB_MIXER_U16,
 };
 
-struct usb_mixer_elem_info {
+typedef void (*usb_mixer_elem_dump_func_t)(struct snd_info_buffer *buffer,
+					 struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list);
+typedef int (*usb_mixer_elem_resume_func_t)(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *elem);
+
+struct usb_mixer_elem_list {
 	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *next_id_elem; /* list of controls with same id */
-	struct snd_ctl_elem_id *elem_id;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *next_id_elem; /* list of controls with same id */
+	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
 	unsigned int id;
+	usb_mixer_elem_dump_func_t dump;
+	usb_mixer_elem_resume_func_t resume;
+};
+
+struct usb_mixer_elem_info {
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list head;
 	unsigned int control;	/* CS or ICN (high byte) */
 	unsigned int cmask; /* channel mask bitmap: 0 = master */
 	unsigned int idx_off; /* Control index offset */
@@ -53,20 +62,25 @@ struct usb_mixer_elem_info {
 	int cached;
 	int cache_val[MAX_CHANNELS];
 	u8 initialized;
+	void *private_data;
 };
 
 int snd_usb_create_mixer(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int ctrlif,
 			 int ignore_error);
-void snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(struct list_head *p);
+void snd_usb_mixer_disconnect(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer);
 
 void snd_usb_mixer_notify_id(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer, int unitid);
 
 int snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
 				int request, int validx, int value_set);
 
-int snd_usb_mixer_add_control(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+int snd_usb_mixer_add_control(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list,
 			      struct snd_kcontrol *kctl);
 
+void snd_usb_mixer_elem_init_std(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list,
+				 struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				 int unitid);
+
 int snd_usb_mixer_vol_tlv(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, int op_flag,
 			  unsigned int size, unsigned int __user *_tlv);
 
@@ -75,4 +89,12 @@ int snd_usb_mixer_suspend(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer);
 int snd_usb_mixer_resume(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer, bool reset_resume);
 #endif
 
+int snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval, int channel,
+                             int index, int value);
+
+int snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval,
+                             int channel, int index, int *value);
+
+extern void snd_usb_mixer_elem_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl);
+
 #endif /* __USBMIXER_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c b/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c
index d1d72ff50347..1994d41348f8 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_maps.c
@@ -179,6 +179,11 @@ static struct usbmix_name_map audigy2nx_map[] = {
 	{ 0 } /* terminator */
 };
 
+static struct usbmix_name_map mbox1_map[] = {
+	{ 1, "Clock" },
+	{ 0 } /* terminator */
+};
+
 static struct usbmix_selector_map c400_selectors[] = {
 	{
 		.id = 0x80,
@@ -416,6 +421,10 @@ static struct usbmix_ctl_map usbmix_ctl_maps[] = {
 		.map = aureon_51_2_map,
 	},
 	{
+		.id = USB_ID(0x0dba, 0x1000),
+		.map = mbox1_map,
+	},
+	{
 		.id = USB_ID(0x13e5, 0x0001),
 		.map = scratch_live_map,
 		.ignore_ctl_error = 1,
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
index 8c9bf4b7aaf0..dc9df007d3e3 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "usbaudio.h"
 #include "mixer.h"
 #include "mixer_quirks.h"
+#include "mixer_scarlett.h"
 #include "helper.h"
 
 extern struct snd_kcontrol_new *snd_usb_feature_unit_ctl;
@@ -52,13 +53,6 @@ struct std_mono_table {
 	snd_kcontrol_tlv_rw_t *tlv_callback;
 };
 
-/* private_free callback */
-static void usb_mixer_elem_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
-{
-	kfree(kctl->private_data);
-	kctl->private_data = NULL;
-}
-
 /* This function allows for the creation of standard UAC controls.
  * See the quirks for M-Audio FTUs or Ebox-44.
  * If you don't want to set a TLV callback pass NULL.
@@ -75,7 +69,6 @@ static int snd_create_std_mono_ctl_offset(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 				const char *name,
 				snd_kcontrol_tlv_rw_t *tlv_callback)
 {
-	int err;
 	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *cval;
 	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
 
@@ -83,8 +76,7 @@ static int snd_create_std_mono_ctl_offset(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 	if (!cval)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	cval->id = unitid;
-	cval->mixer = mixer;
+	snd_usb_mixer_elem_init_std(&cval->head, mixer, unitid);
 	cval->val_type = val_type;
 	cval->channels = 1;
 	cval->control = control;
@@ -108,7 +100,7 @@ static int snd_create_std_mono_ctl_offset(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 
 	/* Set name */
 	snprintf(kctl->id.name, sizeof(kctl->id.name), name);
-	kctl->private_free = usb_mixer_elem_free;
+	kctl->private_free = snd_usb_mixer_elem_free;
 
 	/* set TLV */
 	if (tlv_callback) {
@@ -118,11 +110,7 @@ static int snd_create_std_mono_ctl_offset(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 			SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_CALLBACK;
 	}
 	/* Add control to mixer */
-	err = snd_usb_mixer_add_control(mixer, kctl);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_usb_mixer_add_control(&cval->head, kctl);
 }
 
 static int snd_create_std_mono_ctl(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
@@ -156,6 +144,32 @@ static int snd_create_std_mono_table(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int add_single_ctl_with_resume(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				      int id,
+				      usb_mixer_elem_resume_func_t resume,
+				      const struct snd_kcontrol_new *knew,
+				      struct usb_mixer_elem_list **listp)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list;
+	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
+
+	list = kzalloc(sizeof(*list), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!list)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (listp)
+		*listp = list;
+	list->mixer = mixer;
+	list->id = id;
+	list->resume = resume;
+	kctl = snd_ctl_new1(knew, list);
+	if (!kctl) {
+		kfree(list);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	kctl->private_free = snd_usb_mixer_elem_free;
+	return snd_usb_mixer_add_control(list, kctl);
+}
+
 /*
  * Sound Blaster remote control configuration
  *
@@ -283,84 +297,90 @@ static int snd_usb_soundblaster_remote_init(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 
 static int snd_audigy2nx_led_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	int index = kcontrol->private_value;
-
-	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index];
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = kcontrol->private_value >> 8;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snd_audigy2nx_led_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+static int snd_audigy2nx_led_update(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				    int value, int index)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	int index = kcontrol->private_value;
-	int value = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
-	int err, changed;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = mixer->chip;
+	int err;
 
-	if (value > 1)
-		return -EINVAL;
-	changed = value != mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index];
-	down_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (mixer->chip->shutdown) {
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	if (chip->shutdown) {
 		err = -ENODEV;
 		goto out;
 	}
-	if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3042))
-		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), 0x24,
+	if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3042))
+		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			      usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x24,
 			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
 			      !value, 0, NULL, 0);
 	/* USB X-Fi S51 Pro */
-	if (mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x30df))
-		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), 0x24,
+	if (chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x30df))
+		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			      usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x24,
 			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
 			      !value, 0, NULL, 0);
 	else
-		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), 0x24,
+		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			      usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x24,
 			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
 			      value, index + 2, NULL, 0);
  out:
-	up_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	mixer->audigy2nx_leds[index] = value;
-	return changed;
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	return err;
 }
 
-static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_audigy2nx_controls[] = {
-	{
-		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-		.name = "CMSS LED Switch",
-		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
-		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
-		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
-		.private_value = 0,
-	},
-	{
-		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-		.name = "Power LED Switch",
-		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
-		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
-		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
-		.private_value = 1,
-	},
-	{
-		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-		.name = "Dolby Digital LED Switch",
-		.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
-		.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
-		.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
-		.private_value = 2,
-	},
+static int snd_audigy2nx_led_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+				 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = list->mixer;
+	int index = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+	int value = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
+	int old_value = kcontrol->private_value >> 8;
+	int err;
+
+	if (value > 1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (value == old_value)
+		return 0;
+	kcontrol->private_value = (value << 8) | index;
+	err = snd_audigy2nx_led_update(mixer, value, index);
+	return err < 0 ? err : 1;
+}
+
+static int snd_audigy2nx_led_resume(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
+{
+	int priv_value = list->kctl->private_value;
+
+	return snd_audigy2nx_led_update(list->mixer, priv_value >> 8,
+					priv_value & 0xff);
+}
+
+/* name and private_value are set dynamically */
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_audigy2nx_control = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.info = snd_audigy2nx_led_info,
+	.get = snd_audigy2nx_led_get,
+	.put = snd_audigy2nx_led_put,
+};
+
+static const char * const snd_audigy2nx_led_names[] = {
+	"CMSS LED Switch",
+	"Power LED Switch",
+	"Dolby Digital LED Switch",
 };
 
 static int snd_audigy2nx_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 {
 	int i, err;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_audigy2nx_controls); ++i) {
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_audigy2nx_led_names); ++i) {
+		struct snd_kcontrol_new knew;
+
 		/* USB X-Fi S51 doesn't have a CMSS LED */
 		if ((mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3042)) && i == 0)
 			continue;
@@ -373,12 +393,16 @@ static int snd_audigy2nx_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 			 mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x30df) ||
 			 mixer->chip->usb_id == USB_ID(0x041e, 0x3048)))
 			break; 
-		err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card,
-				  snd_ctl_new1(&snd_audigy2nx_controls[i], mixer));
+
+		knew = snd_audigy2nx_control;
+		knew.name = snd_audigy2nx_led_names[i];
+		knew.private_value = (1 << 8) | i; /* LED on as default */
+		err = add_single_ctl_with_resume(mixer, 0,
+						 snd_audigy2nx_led_resume,
+						 &knew, NULL);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
 	}
-	mixer->audigy2nx_leds[1] = 1; /* Power LED is on by default */
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -437,19 +461,9 @@ static void snd_audigy2nx_proc_read(struct snd_info_entry *entry,
 static int snd_emu0204_ch_switch_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				      struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *texts[2] = {"1/2",
-				       "3/4"
-	};
+	static const char * const texts[2] = {"1/2", "3/4"};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, ARRAY_SIZE(texts), texts);
 }
 
 static int snd_emu0204_ch_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -459,100 +473,122 @@ static int snd_emu0204_ch_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snd_emu0204_ch_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
-				     struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+static int snd_emu0204_ch_switch_update(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+					int value)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	unsigned int value = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
-	int err, changed;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = mixer->chip;
+	int err;
 	unsigned char buf[2];
 
-	if (value > 1)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	buf[0] = 0x01;
-	buf[1] = value ? 0x02 : 0x01;
-
-	changed = value != kcontrol->private_value;
-	down_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
 	if (mixer->chip->shutdown) {
 		err = -ENODEV;
 		goto out;
 	}
-	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-		      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
+
+	buf[0] = 0x01;
+	buf[1] = value ? 0x02 : 0x01;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+		      usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
 		      USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_OUT,
 		      0x0400, 0x0e00, buf, 2);
  out:
-	up_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu0204_ch_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+				     struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = list->mixer;
+	unsigned int value = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
+	int err;
+
+	if (value > 1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (value == kcontrol->private_value)
+		return 0;
+
 	kcontrol->private_value = value;
-	return changed;
+	err = snd_emu0204_ch_switch_update(mixer, value);
+	return err < 0 ? err : 1;
 }
 
+static int snd_emu0204_ch_switch_resume(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
+{
+	return snd_emu0204_ch_switch_update(list->mixer,
+					    list->kctl->private_value);
+}
 
-static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_emu0204_controls[] = {
-	{
-		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
-		.name = "Front Jack Channels",
-		.info = snd_emu0204_ch_switch_info,
-		.get = snd_emu0204_ch_switch_get,
-		.put = snd_emu0204_ch_switch_put,
-		.private_value = 0,
-	},
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_emu0204_control = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name = "Front Jack Channels",
+	.info = snd_emu0204_ch_switch_info,
+	.get = snd_emu0204_ch_switch_get,
+	.put = snd_emu0204_ch_switch_put,
+	.private_value = 0,
 };
 
 static int snd_emu0204_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 {
-	int i, err;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_emu0204_controls); ++i) {
-		err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card,
-			snd_ctl_new1(&snd_emu0204_controls[i], mixer));
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	return add_single_ctl_with_resume(mixer, 0,
+					  snd_emu0204_ch_switch_resume,
+					  &snd_emu0204_control, NULL);
 }
+
 /* ASUS Xonar U1 / U3 controls */
 
 static int snd_xonar_u1_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-
-	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = !!(mixer->xonar_u1_status & 0x02);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = !!(kcontrol->private_value & 0x02);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int snd_xonar_u1_switch_update(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				      unsigned char status)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = mixer->chip;
+	int err;
+
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	if (chip->shutdown)
+		err = -ENODEV;
+	else
+		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			      usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x08,
+			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
+			      50, 0, &status, 1);
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	return err;
+}
+
 static int snd_xonar_u1_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 	u8 old_status, new_status;
-	int err, changed;
+	int err;
 
-	old_status = mixer->xonar_u1_status;
+	old_status = kcontrol->private_value;
 	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0])
 		new_status = old_status | 0x02;
 	else
 		new_status = old_status & ~0x02;
-	changed = new_status != old_status;
-	down_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (mixer->chip->shutdown)
-		err = -ENODEV;
-	else
-		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			      usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), 0x08,
-			      USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
-			      50, 0, &new_status, 1);
-	up_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	mixer->xonar_u1_status = new_status;
-	return changed;
+	if (new_status == old_status)
+		return 0;
+
+	kcontrol->private_value = new_status;
+	err = snd_xonar_u1_switch_update(list->mixer, new_status);
+	return err < 0 ? err : 1;
+}
+
+static int snd_xonar_u1_switch_resume(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
+{
+	return snd_xonar_u1_switch_update(list->mixer,
+					  list->kctl->private_value);
 }
 
 static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_xonar_u1_output_switch = {
@@ -561,82 +597,213 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_xonar_u1_output_switch = {
 	.info = snd_ctl_boolean_mono_info,
 	.get = snd_xonar_u1_switch_get,
 	.put = snd_xonar_u1_switch_put,
+	.private_value = 0x05,
 };
 
 static int snd_xonar_u1_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 {
+	return add_single_ctl_with_resume(mixer, 0,
+					  snd_xonar_u1_switch_resume,
+					  &snd_xonar_u1_output_switch, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Digidesign Mbox 1 clock source switch (internal/spdif) */
+
+static int snd_mbox1_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+				struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = kctl->private_value;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_mbox1_switch_update(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer, int val)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = mixer->chip;
 	int err;
+	unsigned char buff[3];
+
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	if (chip->shutdown) {
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto err;
+	}
 
-	err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card,
-			  snd_ctl_new1(&snd_xonar_u1_output_switch, mixer));
+	/* Prepare for magic command to toggle clock source */
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+				usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x81,
+				USB_DIR_IN |
+				USB_TYPE_CLASS |
+				USB_RECIP_INTERFACE, 0x00, 0x500, buff, 1);
 	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	mixer->xonar_u1_status = 0x05;
-	return 0;
+		goto err;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+				usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x81,
+				USB_DIR_IN |
+				USB_TYPE_CLASS |
+				USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT, 0x100, 0x81, buff, 3);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* 2 possibilities:	Internal    -> send sample rate
+	 *			S/PDIF sync -> send zeroes
+	 * NB: Sample rate locked to 48kHz on purpose to
+	 *     prevent user from resetting the sample rate
+	 *     while S/PDIF sync is enabled and confusing
+	 *     this configuration.
+	 */
+	if (val == 0) {
+		buff[0] = 0x80;
+		buff[1] = 0xbb;
+		buff[2] = 0x00;
+	} else {
+		buff[0] = buff[1] = buff[2] = 0x00;
+	}
+
+	/* Send the magic command to toggle the clock source */
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+				usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x1,
+				USB_TYPE_CLASS |
+				USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT, 0x100, 0x81, buff, 3);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto err;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+				usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x81,
+				USB_DIR_IN |
+				USB_TYPE_CLASS |
+				USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT, 0x100, 0x81, buff, 3);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto err;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+				usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), 0x81,
+				USB_DIR_IN |
+				USB_TYPE_CLASS |
+				USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT, 0x100, 0x2, buff, 3);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto err;
+
+err:
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_mbox1_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+				struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kctl);
+	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = list->mixer;
+	int err;
+	bool cur_val, new_val;
+
+	cur_val = kctl->private_value;
+	new_val = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
+	if (cur_val == new_val)
+		return 0;
+
+	kctl->private_value = new_val;
+	err = snd_mbox1_switch_update(mixer, new_val);
+	return err < 0 ? err : 1;
+}
+
+static int snd_mbox1_switch_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+				 struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
+{
+	static const char *const texts[2] = {
+		"Internal",
+		"S/PDIF"
+	};
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, ARRAY_SIZE(texts), texts);
+}
+
+static int snd_mbox1_switch_resume(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
+{
+	return snd_mbox1_switch_update(list->mixer, list->kctl->private_value);
+}
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_mbox1_switch = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name = "Clock Source",
+	.index = 0,
+	.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE,
+	.info = snd_mbox1_switch_info,
+	.get = snd_mbox1_switch_get,
+	.put = snd_mbox1_switch_put,
+	.private_value = 0
+};
+
+static int snd_mbox1_create_sync_switch(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	return add_single_ctl_with_resume(mixer, 0,
+					  snd_mbox1_switch_resume,
+					  &snd_mbox1_switch, NULL);
 }
 
 /* Native Instruments device quirks */
 
 #define _MAKE_NI_CONTROL(bRequest,wIndex) ((bRequest) << 16 | (wIndex))
 
-static int snd_nativeinstruments_control_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
-					     struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+static int snd_ni_control_init_val(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				   struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
 	struct usb_device *dev = mixer->chip->dev;
-	u8 bRequest = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
-	u16 wIndex = kcontrol->private_value & 0xffff;
-	u8 tmp;
-	int ret;
-
-	down_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (mixer->chip->shutdown)
-		ret = -ENODEV;
-	else
-		ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), bRequest,
-				  USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_IN,
-				  0, wIndex,
-				  &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
-	up_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	unsigned int pval = kctl->private_value;
+	u8 value;
+	int err;
 
-	if (ret < 0) {
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0),
+			      (pval >> 16) & 0xff,
+			      USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_IN,
+			      0, pval & 0xffff, &value, 1);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		dev_err(&dev->dev,
-			"unable to issue vendor read request (ret = %d)", ret);
-		return ret;
+			"unable to issue vendor read request (ret = %d)", err);
+		return err;
 	}
 
-	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = tmp;
+	kctl->private_value |= (value << 24);
+	return 0;
+}
 
+static int snd_nativeinstruments_control_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+					     struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = kcontrol->private_value >> 24;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int snd_ni_update_cur_val(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = list->mixer->chip;
+	unsigned int pval = list->kctl->private_value;
+	int err;
+
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	if (chip->shutdown)
+		err = -ENODEV;
+	else
+		err = usb_control_msg(chip->dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
+				      (pval >> 16) & 0xff,
+				      USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_OUT,
+				      pval >> 24, pval & 0xffff, NULL, 0, 1000);
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	return err;
+}
+
 static int snd_nativeinstruments_control_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					     struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	struct usb_device *dev = mixer->chip->dev;
-	u8 bRequest = (kcontrol->private_value >> 16) & 0xff;
-	u16 wIndex = kcontrol->private_value & 0xffff;
-	u16 wValue = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
-	int ret;
-
-	down_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (mixer->chip->shutdown)
-		ret = -ENODEV;
-	else
-		ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), bRequest,
-				  USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_OUT,
-				  wValue, wIndex,
-				  NULL, 0, 1000);
-	up_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	u8 oldval = (kcontrol->private_value >> 24) & 0xff;
+	u8 newval = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
+	int err;
 
-	if (ret < 0) {
-		dev_err(&dev->dev,
-			"unable to issue vendor write request (ret = %d)", ret);
-		return ret;
-	}
+	if (oldval == newval)
+		return 0;
 
-	return 0;
+	kcontrol->private_value &= ~(0xff << 24);
+	kcontrol->private_value |= newval;
+	err = snd_ni_update_cur_val(list);
+	return err < 0 ? err : 1;
 }
 
 static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_nativeinstruments_ta6_mixers[] = {
@@ -707,16 +874,17 @@ static int snd_nativeinstruments_create_mixer(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 	};
 
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-		struct snd_kcontrol *c;
+		struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list;
 
 		template.name = kc[i].name;
 		template.private_value = kc[i].private_value;
 
-		c = snd_ctl_new1(&template, mixer);
-		err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card, c);
-
+		err = add_single_ctl_with_resume(mixer, 0,
+						 snd_ni_update_cur_val,
+						 &template, &list);
 		if (err < 0)
 			break;
+		snd_ni_control_init_val(mixer, list->kctl);
 	}
 
 	return err;
@@ -724,170 +892,88 @@ static int snd_nativeinstruments_create_mixer(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 
 /* M-Audio FastTrack Ultra quirks */
 /* FTU Effect switch (also used by C400/C600) */
-struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-	int cached_value;
-	int is_cached;
-	int bUnitID;
-	int validx;
-};
-
 static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 					struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
 {
-	static const char *texts[8] = {"Room 1",
-				       "Room 2",
-				       "Room 3",
-				       "Hall 1",
-				       "Hall 2",
-				       "Plate",
-				       "Delay",
-				       "Echo"
+	static const char *const texts[8] = {
+		"Room 1", "Room 2", "Room 3", "Hall 1",
+		"Hall 2", "Plate", "Delay", "Echo"
 	};
 
-	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
-	uinfo->count = 1;
-	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 8;
-	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 7)
-		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 7;
-	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
-		texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
-
-	return 0;
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, 1, ARRAY_SIZE(texts), texts);
 }
 
-static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
-					struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_init(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+				   struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-	struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *pval;
+	struct usb_device *dev = mixer->chip->dev;
+	unsigned int pval = kctl->private_value;
 	int err;
 	unsigned char value[2];
-	int id, validx;
-
-	const int val_len = 2;
 
 	value[0] = 0x00;
 	value[1] = 0x00;
 
-	pval = (struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *)
-		kctl->private_value;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_GET_CUR,
+			      USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
+			      pval & 0xff00,
+			      snd_usb_ctrl_intf(mixer->chip) | ((pval & 0xff) << 8),
+			      value, 2);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
-	if (pval->is_cached) {
-		ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = pval->cached_value;
-		return 0;
-	}
+	kctl->private_value |= value[0] << 24;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	mixer = (struct usb_mixer_interface *) pval->mixer;
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!mixer))
-		return -EINVAL;
+static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+					struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = kctl->private_value >> 24;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	chip = (struct snd_usb_audio *) mixer->chip;
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!chip))
-		return -EINVAL;
+static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_update(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
+{
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = list->mixer->chip;
+	unsigned int pval = list->kctl->private_value;
+	unsigned char value[2];
+	int err;
 
-	id = pval->bUnitID;
-	validx = pval->validx;
+	value[0] = pval >> 24;
+	value[1] = 0;
 
-	down_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (mixer->chip->shutdown)
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	if (chip->shutdown)
 		err = -ENODEV;
 	else
 		err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
-			usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), UAC_GET_CUR,
-			USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
-			validx << 8, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (id << 8),
-			value, val_len);
-	up_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = value[0];
-	pval->cached_value = value[0];
-	pval->is_cached = 1;
-
-	return 0;
+				      usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
+				      UAC_SET_CUR,
+				      USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_OUT,
+				      pval & 0xff00,
+				      snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | ((pval & 0xff) << 8),
+				      value, 2);
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	return err;
 }
 
 static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
 					struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
-	struct snd_usb_audio *chip;
-	struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *pval;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kctl);
+	unsigned int pval = list->kctl->private_value;
+	int cur_val, err, new_val;
 
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer;
-	int changed, cur_val, err, new_val;
-	unsigned char value[2];
-	int id, validx;
-
-	const int val_len = 2;
-
-	changed = 0;
-
-	pval = (struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *)
-		kctl->private_value;
-	cur_val = pval->cached_value;
+	cur_val = pval >> 24;
 	new_val = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
+	if (cur_val == new_val)
+		return 0;
 
-	mixer = (struct usb_mixer_interface *) pval->mixer;
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!mixer))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	chip = (struct snd_usb_audio *) mixer->chip;
-	if (snd_BUG_ON(!chip))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	id = pval->bUnitID;
-	validx = pval->validx;
-
-	if (!pval->is_cached) {
-		/* Read current value */
-		down_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-		if (mixer->chip->shutdown)
-			err = -ENODEV;
-		else
-			err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
-				usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), UAC_GET_CUR,
-				USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
-				validx << 8, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (id << 8),
-				value, val_len);
-		up_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-
-		cur_val = value[0];
-		pval->cached_value = cur_val;
-		pval->is_cached = 1;
-	}
-	/* update value if needed */
-	if (cur_val != new_val) {
-		value[0] = new_val;
-		value[1] = 0;
-		down_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-		if (mixer->chip->shutdown)
-			err = -ENODEV;
-		else
-			err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
-				usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
-				USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_OUT,
-				validx << 8, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (id << 8),
-				value, val_len);
-		up_read(&mixer->chip->shutdown_rwsem);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-
-		pval->cached_value = new_val;
-		pval->is_cached = 1;
-		changed = 1;
-	}
-
-	return changed;
-}
-
-static void kctl_private_value_free(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl)
-{
-	kfree((void *)kctl->private_value);
+	kctl->private_value &= ~(0xff << 24);
+	kctl->private_value |= new_val << 24;
+	err = snd_ftu_eff_switch_update(list);
+	return err < 0 ? err : 1;
 }
 
 static int snd_ftu_create_effect_switch(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
@@ -902,33 +988,16 @@ static int snd_ftu_create_effect_switch(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 		.get = snd_ftu_eff_switch_get,
 		.put = snd_ftu_eff_switch_put
 	};
-
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list;
 	int err;
-	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
-	struct snd_ftu_eff_switch_priv_val *pval;
-
-	pval = kzalloc(sizeof(*pval), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!pval)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-
-	pval->cached_value = 0;
-	pval->is_cached = 0;
-	pval->mixer = mixer;
-	pval->bUnitID = bUnitID;
-	pval->validx = validx;
-
-	template.private_value = (unsigned long) pval;
-	kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&template, mixer->chip);
-	if (!kctl) {
-		kfree(pval);
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
 
-	kctl->private_free = kctl_private_value_free;
-	err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card, kctl);
+	err = add_single_ctl_with_resume(mixer, bUnitID,
+					 snd_ftu_eff_switch_update,
+					 &template, &list);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
-
+	list->kctl->private_value = (validx << 8) | bUnitID;
+	snd_ftu_eff_switch_init(mixer, list->kctl);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1110,7 +1179,7 @@ void snd_emuusb_set_samplerate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 	int unitid = 12; /* SamleRate ExtensionUnit ID */
 
 	list_for_each_entry(mixer, &chip->mixer_list, list) {
-		cval = mixer->id_elems[unitid];
+		cval = (struct usb_mixer_elem_info *)mixer->id_elems[unitid];
 		if (cval) {
 			snd_usb_mixer_set_ctl_value(cval, UAC_SET_CUR,
 						    cval->control << 8,
@@ -1440,7 +1509,8 @@ static int snd_microii_spdif_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_microii_spdif_default_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = list->mixer->chip;
 	int err;
 	struct usb_interface *iface;
 	struct usb_host_interface *alts;
@@ -1448,17 +1518,23 @@ static int snd_microii_spdif_default_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	unsigned char data[3];
 	int rate;
 
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	if (chip->shutdown) {
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
 	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
 	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 0xff;
 	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[2] = 0x00;
 
 	/* use known values for that card: interface#1 altsetting#1 */
-	iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(mixer->chip->dev, 1);
+	iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(chip->dev, 1);
 	alts = &iface->altsetting[1];
 	ep = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
 
-	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			usb_rcvctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0),
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
 			UAC_GET_CUR,
 			USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT | USB_DIR_IN,
 			UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE << 8,
@@ -1473,22 +1549,27 @@ static int snd_microii_spdif_default_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_48000 : IEC958_AES3_CON_FS_44100;
 
 	err = 0;
-end:
+ end:
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int snd_microii_spdif_default_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
-	struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+static int snd_microii_spdif_default_update(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	int err;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = list->mixer->chip;
+	unsigned int pval = list->kctl->private_value;
 	u8 reg;
-	unsigned long priv_backup = kcontrol->private_value;
+	int err;
 
-	reg = ((ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] & 0x0f) << 4) |
-			(ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] & 0x0f);
-	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0),
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	if (chip->shutdown) {
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	reg = ((pval >> 4) & 0xf0) | (pval & 0x0f);
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
 			UAC_SET_CUR,
 			USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
 			reg,
@@ -1498,15 +1579,10 @@ static int snd_microii_spdif_default_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto end;
 
-	kcontrol->private_value &= 0xfffff0f0;
-	kcontrol->private_value |= (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] & 0x0f) << 8;
-	kcontrol->private_value |= (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] & 0x0f);
-
-	reg = (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] & IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO) ?
-			0xa0 : 0x20;
-	reg |= (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] >> 4) & 0x0f;
-	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0),
+	reg = (pval & IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO) ? 0xa0 : 0x20;
+	reg |= (pval >> 12) & 0x0f;
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
 			UAC_SET_CUR,
 			USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
 			reg,
@@ -1516,16 +1592,36 @@ static int snd_microii_spdif_default_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto end;
 
-	kcontrol->private_value &= 0xffff0fff;
-	kcontrol->private_value |= (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] & 0xf0) << 8;
+ end:
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_microii_spdif_default_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+	struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	unsigned int pval, pval_old;
+	int err;
+
+	pval = pval_old = kcontrol->private_value;
+	pval &= 0xfffff0f0;
+	pval |= (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] & 0x0f) << 8;
+	pval |= (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] & 0x0f);
+
+	pval &= 0xffff0fff;
+	pval |= (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] & 0xf0) << 8;
 
 	/* The frequency bits in AES3 cannot be set via register access. */
 
 	/* Silently ignore any bits from the request that cannot be set. */
 
-	err = (priv_backup != kcontrol->private_value);
-end:
-	return err;
+	if (pval == pval_old)
+		return 0;
+
+	kcontrol->private_value = pval;
+	err = snd_microii_spdif_default_update(list);
+	return err < 0 ? err : 1;
 }
 
 static int snd_microii_spdif_mask_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
@@ -1547,15 +1643,20 @@ static int snd_microii_spdif_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int snd_microii_spdif_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
-	struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+static int snd_microii_spdif_switch_update(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
 {
-	struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = list->mixer->chip;
+	u8 reg = list->kctl->private_value;
 	int err;
-	u8 reg = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] ? 0x28 : 0x2a;
 
-	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
-			usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0),
+	down_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
+	if (chip->shutdown) {
+		err = -ENODEV;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+			usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
 			UAC_SET_CUR,
 			USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_OTHER,
 			reg,
@@ -1563,15 +1664,27 @@ static int snd_microii_spdif_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 			NULL,
 			0);
 
-	if (!err) {
-		err = (reg != (kcontrol->private_value & 0x0ff));
-		if (err)
-			kcontrol->private_value = reg;
-	}
-
+ end:
+	up_read(&chip->shutdown_rwsem);
 	return err;
 }
 
+static int snd_microii_spdif_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
+	struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	u8 reg;
+	int err;
+
+	reg = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] ? 0x28 : 0x2a;
+	if (reg != list->kctl->private_value)
+		return 0;
+
+	kcontrol->private_value = reg;
+	err = snd_microii_spdif_switch_update(list);
+	return err < 0 ? err : 1;
+}
+
 static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_microii_mixer_spdif[] = {
 	{
 		.iface =    SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM,
@@ -1601,10 +1714,17 @@ static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_microii_mixer_spdif[] = {
 static int snd_microii_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 {
 	int err, i;
+	static usb_mixer_elem_resume_func_t resume_funcs[] = {
+		snd_microii_spdif_default_update,
+		NULL,
+		snd_microii_spdif_switch_update
+	};
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_microii_mixer_spdif); ++i) {
-		err = snd_ctl_add(mixer->chip->card,
-			snd_ctl_new1(&snd_microii_mixer_spdif[i], mixer));
+		err = add_single_ctl_with_resume(mixer, 0,
+						 resume_funcs[i],
+						 &snd_microii_mixer_spdif[i],
+						 NULL);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
 	}
@@ -1661,6 +1781,10 @@ int snd_usb_mixer_apply_create_quirk(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 		err = snd_microii_controls_create(mixer);
 		break;
 
+	case USB_ID(0x0dba, 0x1000): /* Digidesign Mbox 1 */
+		err = snd_mbox1_create_sync_switch(mixer);
+		break;
+
 	case USB_ID(0x17cc, 0x1011): /* Traktor Audio 6 */
 		err = snd_nativeinstruments_create_mixer(mixer,
 				snd_nativeinstruments_ta6_mixers,
@@ -1677,6 +1801,14 @@ int snd_usb_mixer_apply_create_quirk(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
 		/* detection is disabled in mixer_maps.c */
 		err = snd_create_std_mono_table(mixer, ebox44_table);
 		break;
+
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x8012): /* Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 */
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x8002): /* Focusrite Scarlett 8i6 */
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x8004): /* Focusrite Scarlett 18i6 */
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x8014): /* Focusrite Scarlett 18i8 */
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x800c): /* Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 */
+		err = snd_scarlett_controls_create(mixer);
+		break;
 	}
 
 	return err;
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_scarlett.c b/sound/usb/mixer_scarlett.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9109652b88b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_scarlett.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1004 @@
+/*
+ *   Scarlett Driver for ALSA
+ *
+ *   Copyright (c) 2013 by Tobias Hoffmann
+ *   Copyright (c) 2013 by Robin Gareus <robin at gareus.org>
+ *   Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai at suse.de>
+ *   Copyright (c) 2014 by Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges at canonical.com>
+ *
+ *   Many codes borrowed from audio.c by
+ *	    Alan Cox (alan at lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk)
+ *	    Thomas Sailer (sailer at ife.ee.ethz.ch)
+ *
+ *   Code cleanup:
+ *   David Henningsson <david.henningsson at canonical.com>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Rewritten and extended to support more models, e.g. Scarlett 18i8.
+ *
+ * Auto-detection via UAC2 is not feasible to properly discover the vast
+ * majority of features. It's related to both Linux/ALSA's UAC2 as well as
+ * Focusrite's implementation of it. Eventually quirks may be sufficient but
+ * right now it's a major headache to work arount these things.
+ *
+ * NB. Neither the OSX nor the win driver provided by Focusrite performs
+ * discovery, they seem to operate the same as this driver.
+ */
+
+/* Mixer Interface for the Focusrite Scarlett 18i6 audio interface.
+ *
+ * The protocol was reverse engineered by looking at communication between
+ * Scarlett MixControl (v 1.2.128.0) and the Focusrite(R) Scarlett 18i6
+ * (firmware v305) using wireshark and usbmon in January 2013.
+ * Extended in July 2013.
+ *
+ * this mixer gives complete access to all features of the device:
+ *  - change Impedance of inputs (Line-in, Mic / Instrument, Hi-Z)
+ *  - select clock source
+ *  - dynamic input to mixer-matrix assignment
+ *  - 18 x 6 mixer-matrix gain stages
+ *  - bus routing & volume control
+ *  - automatic re-initialization on connect if device was power-cycled
+ *
+ * USB URB commands overview (bRequest = 0x01 = UAC2_CS_CUR)
+ * wIndex
+ * 0x01 Analog Input line/instrument impedance switch, wValue=0x0901 +
+ *      channel, data=Line/Inst (2bytes)
+ *      pad (-10dB) switch, wValue=0x0b01 + channel, data=Off/On (2bytes)
+ *      ?? wValue=0x0803/04, ?? (2bytes)
+ * 0x0a Master Volume, wValue=0x0200+bus[0:all + only 1..4?] data(2bytes)
+ *      Bus Mute/Unmute wValue=0x0100+bus[0:all + only 1..4?], data(2bytes)
+ * 0x28 Clock source, wValue=0x0100, data={1:int,2:spdif,3:adat} (1byte)
+ * 0x29 Set Sample-rate, wValue=0x0100, data=sample-rate(4bytes)
+ * 0x32 Mixer mux, wValue=0x0600 + mixer-channel, data=input-to-connect(2bytes)
+ * 0x33 Output mux, wValue=bus, data=input-to-connect(2bytes)
+ * 0x34 Capture mux, wValue=0...18, data=input-to-connect(2bytes)
+ * 0x3c Matrix Mixer gains, wValue=mixer-node  data=gain(2bytes)
+ *      ?? [sometimes](4bytes, e.g 0x000003be 0x000003bf ...03ff)
+ *
+ * USB reads: (i.e. actually issued by original software)
+ * 0x01 wValue=0x0901+channel (1byte!!), wValue=0x0b01+channed (1byte!!)
+ * 0x29 wValue=0x0100 sample-rate(4bytes)
+ *      wValue=0x0200 ?? 1byte (only once)
+ * 0x2a wValue=0x0100 ?? 4bytes, sample-rate2 ??
+ *
+ * USB reads with bRequest = 0x03 = UAC2_CS_MEM
+ * 0x3c wValue=0x0002 1byte: sync status (locked=1)
+ *      wValue=0x0000 18*2byte: peak meter (inputs)
+ *      wValue=0x0001 8(?)*2byte: peak meter (mix)
+ *      wValue=0x0003 6*2byte: peak meter (pcm/daw)
+ *
+ * USB write with bRequest = 0x03
+ * 0x3c Save settings to hardware: wValue=0x005a, data=0xa5
+ *
+ *
+ * <ditaa>
+ *  /--------------\    18chn            6chn    /--------------\
+ *  | Hardware  in +--+-------\        /------+--+ ALSA PCM out |
+ *  \--------------/  |       |        |      |  \--------------/
+ *                    |       |        |      |
+ *                    |       v        v      |
+ *                    |   +---------------+   |
+ *                    |    \ Matrix  Mux /    |
+ *                    |     +-----+-----+     |
+ *                    |           |           |
+ *                    |           | 18chn     |
+ *                    |           v           |
+ *                    |     +-----------+     |
+ *                    |     | Mixer     |     |
+ *                    |     |    Matrix |     |
+ *                    |     |           |     |
+ *                    |     | 18x6 Gain |     |
+ *                    |     |   stages  |     |
+ *                    |     +-----+-----+     |
+ *                    |           |           |
+ *                    |           |           |
+ *                    | 18chn     | 6chn      | 6chn
+ *                    v           v           v
+ *                    =========================
+ *             +---------------+     +--—------------+
+ *              \ Output  Mux /       \ Capture Mux /
+ *               +-----+-----+         +-----+-----+
+ *                     |                     |
+ *                     | 6chn                |
+ *                     v                     |
+ *              +-------------+              |
+ *              | Master Gain |              |
+ *              +------+------+              |
+ *                     |                     |
+ *                     | 6chn                | 18chn
+ *                     | (3 stereo pairs)    |
+ *  /--------------\   |                     |   /--------------\
+ *  | Hardware out |<--/                     \-->| ALSA PCM  in |
+ *  \--------------/                             \--------------/
+ * </ditaa>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/usb.h>
+#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
+
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/control.h>
+#include <sound/tlv.h>
+
+#include "usbaudio.h"
+#include "mixer.h"
+#include "helper.h"
+#include "power.h"
+
+#include "mixer_scarlett.h"
+
+/* some gui mixers can't handle negative ctl values */
+#define SND_SCARLETT_LEVEL_BIAS 128
+#define SND_SCARLETT_MATRIX_IN_MAX 18
+#define SND_SCARLETT_CONTROLS_MAX 10
+#define SND_SCARLETT_OFFSETS_MAX 5
+
+enum {
+	SCARLETT_OUTPUTS,
+	SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE,
+	SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD,
+};
+
+enum {
+	SCARLETT_OFFSET_PCM = 0,
+	SCARLETT_OFFSET_ANALOG = 1,
+	SCARLETT_OFFSET_SPDIF = 2,
+	SCARLETT_OFFSET_ADAT = 3,
+	SCARLETT_OFFSET_MIX = 4,
+};
+
+struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info {
+	int start;
+	int len;
+	int offsets[SND_SCARLETT_OFFSETS_MAX];
+	char const * const *names;
+};
+
+struct scarlett_mixer_control {
+	unsigned char num;
+	unsigned char type;
+	const char *name;
+};
+
+struct scarlett_device_info {
+	int matrix_in;
+	int matrix_out;
+	int input_len;
+	int output_len;
+
+	struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info opt_master;
+	struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info opt_matrix;
+
+	/* initial values for matrix mux */
+	int matrix_mux_init[SND_SCARLETT_MATRIX_IN_MAX];
+
+	int num_controls;	/* number of items in controls */
+	const struct scarlett_mixer_control controls[SND_SCARLETT_CONTROLS_MAX];
+};
+
+/********************** Enum Strings *************************/
+
+static const struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info opt_pad = {
+	.start = 0,
+	.len = 2,
+	.offsets = {},
+	.names = (char const * const []){
+		"0dB", "-10dB"
+	}
+};
+
+static const struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info opt_impedance = {
+	.start = 0,
+	.len = 2,
+	.offsets = {},
+	.names = (char const * const []){
+		"Line", "Hi-Z"
+	}
+};
+
+static const struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info opt_clock = {
+	.start = 1,
+	.len = 3,
+	.offsets = {},
+	.names = (char const * const []){
+		"Internal", "SPDIF", "ADAT"
+	}
+};
+
+static const struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info opt_sync = {
+	.start = 0,
+	.len = 2,
+	.offsets = {},
+	.names = (char const * const []){
+		"No Lock", "Locked"
+	}
+};
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_switch_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+		struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+	uinfo->count = elem->channels;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_switch_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+		struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	int i, err, val;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < elem->channels; i++) {
+		err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(elem, i, i, &val);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		val = !val; /* invert mute logic for mixer */
+		ucontrol->value.integer.value[i] = val;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_switch_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+		struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	int i, changed = 0;
+	int err, oval, val;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < elem->channels; i++) {
+		err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(elem, i, i, &oval);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		val = ucontrol->value.integer.value[i];
+		val = !val;
+		if (oval != val) {
+			err = snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(elem, i, i, val);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+
+			changed = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_resume(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem =
+		container_of(list, struct usb_mixer_elem_info, head);
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < elem->channels; i++)
+		if (elem->cached & (1 << i))
+			snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(elem, i, i,
+						  elem->cache_val[i]);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+			     struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+	uinfo->count = elem->channels;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = (int)kctl->private_value +
+		SND_SCARLETT_LEVEL_BIAS;
+	uinfo->value.integer.step = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+			    struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	int i, err, val;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < elem->channels; i++) {
+		err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(elem, i, i, &val);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		val = clamp(val / 256, -128, (int)kctl->private_value) +
+				    SND_SCARLETT_LEVEL_BIAS;
+		ucontrol->value.integer.value[i] = val;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+			    struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	int i, changed = 0;
+	int err, oval, val;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < elem->channels; i++) {
+		err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(elem, i, i, &oval);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		val = ucontrol->value.integer.value[i] -
+			SND_SCARLETT_LEVEL_BIAS;
+		val = val * 256;
+		if (oval != val) {
+			err = snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(elem, i, i, val);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+
+			changed = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static void scarlett_generate_name(int i, char *dst, int offsets[])
+{
+	if (i > offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_MIX])
+		sprintf(dst, "Mix %c",
+			'A'+(i - offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_MIX] - 1));
+	else if (i > offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_ADAT])
+		sprintf(dst, "ADAT %d", i - offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_ADAT]);
+	else if (i > offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_SPDIF])
+		sprintf(dst, "SPDIF %d", i - offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_SPDIF]);
+	else if (i > offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_ANALOG])
+		sprintf(dst, "Analog %d", i - offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_ANALOG]);
+	else if (i > offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_PCM])
+		sprintf(dst, "PCM %d", i - offsets[SCARLETT_OFFSET_PCM]);
+	else
+		sprintf(dst, "Off");
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_enum_dynamic_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+					  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info *opt = elem->private_data;
+	unsigned int items = opt->len;
+
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
+	uinfo->count = elem->channels;
+	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = items;
+
+	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item >= items)
+		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = items - 1;
+
+	/* generate name dynamically based on item number and offset info */
+	scarlett_generate_name(uinfo->value.enumerated.item,
+			       uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
+			       opt->offsets);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_enum_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+				  struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info *opt = elem->private_data;
+
+	return snd_ctl_enum_info(uinfo, elem->channels, opt->len,
+				 (const char * const *)opt->names);
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_enum_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+				 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info *opt = elem->private_data;
+	int err, val;
+
+	err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(elem, 0, 0, &val);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	val = clamp(val - opt->start, 0, opt->len-1);
+
+	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = val;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_enum_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+				 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info *opt = elem->private_data;
+	int err, oval, val;
+
+	err = snd_usb_get_cur_mix_value(elem, 0, 0, &oval);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	val = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
+	val = val + opt->start;
+	if (val != oval) {
+		snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(elem, 0, 0, val);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_enum_resume(struct usb_mixer_elem_list *list)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem =
+		container_of(list, struct usb_mixer_elem_info, head);
+
+	if (elem->cached)
+		snd_usb_set_cur_mix_value(elem, 0, 0, *elem->cache_val);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scarlett_ctl_meter_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl,
+				  struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem = kctl->private_data;
+	struct snd_usb_audio *chip = elem->head.mixer->chip;
+	unsigned char buf[2 * MAX_CHANNELS] = {0, };
+	int wValue = (elem->control << 8) | elem->idx_off;
+	int idx = snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (elem->head.id << 8);
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev,
+				usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
+				UAC2_CS_MEM,
+				USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS |
+				USB_DIR_IN, wValue, idx, buf, elem->channels);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = clamp((int)buf[0], 0, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new usb_scarlett_ctl_switch = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name = "",
+	.info = scarlett_ctl_switch_info,
+	.get =  scarlett_ctl_switch_get,
+	.put =  scarlett_ctl_switch_put,
+};
+
+static const DECLARE_TLV_DB_SCALE(db_scale_scarlett_gain, -12800, 100, 0);
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new usb_scarlett_ctl = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE |
+		  SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ,
+	.name = "",
+	.info = scarlett_ctl_info,
+	.get =  scarlett_ctl_get,
+	.put =  scarlett_ctl_put,
+	.private_value = 6,  /* max value */
+	.tlv = { .p = db_scale_scarlett_gain }
+};
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new usb_scarlett_ctl_master = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE |
+		  SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ,
+	.name = "",
+	.info = scarlett_ctl_info,
+	.get =  scarlett_ctl_get,
+	.put =  scarlett_ctl_put,
+	.private_value = 6,  /* max value */
+	.tlv = { .p = db_scale_scarlett_gain }
+};
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new usb_scarlett_ctl_enum = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name = "",
+	.info = scarlett_ctl_enum_info,
+	.get =  scarlett_ctl_enum_get,
+	.put =  scarlett_ctl_enum_put,
+};
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new usb_scarlett_ctl_dynamic_enum = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name = "",
+	.info = scarlett_ctl_enum_dynamic_info,
+	.get =  scarlett_ctl_enum_get,
+	.put =  scarlett_ctl_enum_put,
+};
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new usb_scarlett_ctl_sync = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.access = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ | SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_VOLATILE,
+	.name = "",
+	.info = scarlett_ctl_enum_info,
+	.get =  scarlett_ctl_meter_get,
+};
+
+static int add_new_ctl(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+		       const struct snd_kcontrol_new *ncontrol,
+		       usb_mixer_elem_resume_func_t resume,
+		       int index, int offset, int num,
+		       int val_type, int channels, const char *name,
+		       const struct scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info *opt,
+		       struct usb_mixer_elem_info **elem_ret
+)
+{
+	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem;
+	int err;
+
+	elem = kzalloc(sizeof(*elem), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!elem)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	elem->head.mixer = mixer;
+	elem->head.resume = resume;
+	elem->control = offset;
+	elem->idx_off = num;
+	elem->head.id = index;
+	elem->val_type = val_type;
+
+	elem->channels = channels;
+
+	/* add scarlett_mixer_elem_enum_info struct */
+	elem->private_data = (void *)opt;
+
+	kctl = snd_ctl_new1(ncontrol, elem);
+	if (!kctl) {
+		kfree(elem);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	kctl->private_free = snd_usb_mixer_elem_free;
+
+	strlcpy(kctl->id.name, name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
+
+	err = snd_usb_mixer_add_control(&elem->head, kctl);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (elem_ret)
+		*elem_ret = elem;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_output_ctls(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+			   int index, const char *name,
+			   const struct scarlett_device_info *info)
+{
+	int err;
+	char mx[SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ID_NAME_MAXLEN];
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem;
+
+	/* Add mute switch */
+	snprintf(mx, sizeof(mx), "Master %d (%s) Playback Switch",
+		index + 1, name);
+	err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_switch,
+			  scarlett_ctl_resume, 0x0a, 0x01,
+			  2*index+1, USB_MIXER_S16, 2, mx, NULL, &elem);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Add volume control and initialize to 0 */
+	snprintf(mx, sizeof(mx), "Master %d (%s) Playback Volume",
+		index + 1, name);
+	err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_master,
+			  scarlett_ctl_resume, 0x0a, 0x02,
+			  2*index+1, USB_MIXER_S16, 2, mx, NULL, &elem);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Add L channel source playback enumeration */
+	snprintf(mx, sizeof(mx), "Master %dL (%s) Source Playback Enum",
+		index + 1, name);
+	err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_dynamic_enum,
+			  scarlett_ctl_enum_resume, 0x33, 0x00,
+			  2*index, USB_MIXER_S16, 1, mx, &info->opt_master,
+			  &elem);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Add R channel source playback enumeration */
+	snprintf(mx, sizeof(mx), "Master %dR (%s) Source Playback Enum",
+		index + 1, name);
+	err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_dynamic_enum,
+			  scarlett_ctl_enum_resume, 0x33, 0x00,
+			  2*index+1, USB_MIXER_S16, 1, mx, &info->opt_master,
+			  &elem);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/********************** device-specific config *************************/
+
+/*  untested...  */
+static struct scarlett_device_info s6i6_info = {
+	.matrix_in = 18,
+	.matrix_out = 8,
+	.input_len = 6,
+	.output_len = 6,
+
+	.opt_master = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 27,
+		.offsets = {0, 12, 16, 18, 18},
+		.names = NULL
+	},
+
+	.opt_matrix = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 19,
+		.offsets = {0, 12, 16, 18, 18},
+		.names = NULL
+	},
+
+	.num_controls = 0,
+	.controls = {
+		{ .num = 0, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Monitor" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Headphone" },
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "SPDIF" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 3, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 4, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+	},
+
+	.matrix_mux_init = {
+		12, 13, 14, 15,                 /* Analog -> 1..4 */
+		16, 17,                          /* SPDIF -> 5,6 */
+		0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,     /* PCM[1..12] -> 7..18 */
+		8, 9, 10, 11
+	}
+};
+
+/*  untested...  */
+static struct scarlett_device_info s8i6_info = {
+	.matrix_in = 18,
+	.matrix_out = 6,
+	.input_len = 8,
+	.output_len = 6,
+
+	.opt_master = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 25,
+		.offsets = {0, 12, 16, 18, 18},
+		.names = NULL
+	},
+
+	.opt_matrix = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 19,
+		.offsets = {0, 12, 16, 18, 18},
+		.names = NULL
+	},
+
+	.num_controls = 7,
+	.controls = {
+		{ .num = 0, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Monitor" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Headphone" },
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "SPDIF" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 3, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 4, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+	},
+
+	.matrix_mux_init = {
+		12, 13, 14, 15,                 /* Analog -> 1..4 */
+		16, 17,                          /* SPDIF -> 5,6 */
+		0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,     /* PCM[1..12] -> 7..18 */
+		8, 9, 10, 11
+	}
+};
+
+static struct scarlett_device_info s18i6_info = {
+	.matrix_in = 18,
+	.matrix_out = 6,
+	.input_len = 18,
+	.output_len = 6,
+
+	.opt_master = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 31,
+		.offsets = {0, 6, 14, 16, 24},
+		.names = NULL,
+	},
+
+	.opt_matrix = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 25,
+		.offsets = {0, 6, 14, 16, 24},
+		.names = NULL,
+	},
+
+	.num_controls = 5,
+	.controls = {
+		{ .num = 0, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Monitor" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Headphone" },
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "SPDIF" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+	},
+
+	.matrix_mux_init = {
+		 6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, /* Analog -> 1..8 */
+		16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,     /* ADAT[1..6] -> 9..14 */
+		14, 15,                          /* SPDIF -> 15,16 */
+		0, 1                          /* PCM[1,2] -> 17,18 */
+	}
+};
+
+static struct scarlett_device_info s18i8_info = {
+	.matrix_in = 18,
+	.matrix_out = 8,
+	.input_len = 18,
+	.output_len = 8,
+
+	.opt_master = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 35,
+		.offsets = {0, 8, 16, 18, 26},
+		.names = NULL
+	},
+
+	.opt_matrix = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 27,
+		.offsets = {0, 8, 16, 18, 26},
+		.names = NULL
+	},
+
+	.num_controls = 10,
+	.controls = {
+		{ .num = 0, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Monitor" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Headphone 1" },
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Headphone 2" },
+		{ .num = 3, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "SPDIF" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 3, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 4, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+	},
+
+	.matrix_mux_init = {
+		 8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, /* Analog -> 1..8 */
+		18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,     /* ADAT[1..6] -> 9..14 */
+		16, 17,                          /* SPDIF -> 15,16 */
+		0, 1                          /* PCM[1,2] -> 17,18 */
+	}
+};
+
+static struct scarlett_device_info s18i20_info = {
+	.matrix_in = 18,
+	.matrix_out = 8,
+	.input_len = 18,
+	.output_len = 20,
+
+	.opt_master = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 47,
+		.offsets = {0, 20, 28, 30, 38},
+		.names = NULL
+	},
+
+	.opt_matrix = {
+		.start = -1,
+		.len = 39,
+		.offsets = {0, 20, 28, 30, 38},
+		.names = NULL
+	},
+
+	.num_controls = 10,
+	.controls = {
+		{ .num = 0, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Monitor" },
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Line 3/4" },
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Line 5/6" },
+		{ .num = 3, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Line 7/8" },
+		{ .num = 4, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "Line 9/10" },
+		{ .num = 5, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "SPDIF" },
+		{ .num = 6, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "ADAT 1/2" },
+		{ .num = 7, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "ADAT 3/4" },
+		{ .num = 8, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "ADAT 5/6" },
+		{ .num = 9, .type = SCARLETT_OUTPUTS, .name = "ADAT 7/8" },
+		/*{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 1, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 2, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 3, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},
+		{ .num = 4, .type = SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD, .name = NULL},*/
+	},
+
+	.matrix_mux_init = {
+		20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, /* Analog -> 1..8 */
+		30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,     /* ADAT[1..6] -> 9..14 */
+		28, 29,                          /* SPDIF -> 15,16 */
+		0, 1                          /* PCM[1,2] -> 17,18 */
+	}
+};
+
+
+static int scarlett_controls_create_generic(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
+	struct scarlett_device_info *info)
+{
+	int i, err;
+	char mx[SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ID_NAME_MAXLEN];
+	const struct scarlett_mixer_control *ctl;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem;
+
+	/* create master switch and playback volume */
+	err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_switch,
+			  scarlett_ctl_resume, 0x0a, 0x01, 0,
+			  USB_MIXER_S16, 1, "Master Playback Switch", NULL,
+			  &elem);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_master,
+			  scarlett_ctl_resume, 0x0a, 0x02, 0,
+			  USB_MIXER_S16, 1, "Master Playback Volume", NULL,
+			  &elem);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* iterate through controls in info struct and create each one */
+	for (i = 0; i < info->num_controls; i++) {
+		ctl = &info->controls[i];
+
+		switch (ctl->type) {
+		case SCARLETT_OUTPUTS:
+			err = add_output_ctls(mixer, ctl->num, ctl->name, info);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+			break;
+		case SCARLETT_SWITCH_IMPEDANCE:
+			sprintf(mx, "Input %d Impedance Switch", ctl->num);
+			err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_enum,
+					  scarlett_ctl_enum_resume, 0x01,
+					  0x09, ctl->num, USB_MIXER_S16, 1, mx,
+					  &opt_impedance, &elem);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+			break;
+		case SCARLETT_SWITCH_PAD:
+			sprintf(mx, "Input %d Pad Switch", ctl->num);
+			err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_enum,
+					  scarlett_ctl_enum_resume, 0x01,
+					  0x0b, ctl->num, USB_MIXER_S16, 1, mx,
+					  &opt_pad, &elem);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create and initialize a mixer for the Focusrite(R) Scarlett
+ */
+int snd_scarlett_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer)
+{
+	int err, i, o;
+	char mx[SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ID_NAME_MAXLEN];
+	struct scarlett_device_info *info;
+	struct usb_mixer_elem_info *elem;
+	static char sample_rate_buffer[4] = { '\x80', '\xbb', '\x00', '\x00' };
+
+	/* only use UAC_VERSION_2 */
+	if (!mixer->protocol)
+		return 0;
+
+	switch (mixer->chip->usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x8012):
+		info = &s6i6_info;
+		break;
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x8002):
+		info = &s8i6_info;
+		break;
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x8004):
+		info = &s18i6_info;
+		break;
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x8014):
+		info = &s18i8_info;
+		break;
+	case USB_ID(0x1235, 0x800c):
+		info = &s18i20_info;
+		break;
+	default: /* device not (yet) supported */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* generic function to create controls */
+	err = scarlett_controls_create_generic(mixer, info);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* setup matrix controls */
+	for (i = 0; i < info->matrix_in; i++) {
+		snprintf(mx, sizeof(mx), "Matrix %02d Input Playback Route",
+			 i+1);
+		err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_dynamic_enum,
+				  scarlett_ctl_enum_resume, 0x32,
+				  0x06, i, USB_MIXER_S16, 1, mx,
+				  &info->opt_matrix, &elem);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		for (o = 0; o < info->matrix_out; o++) {
+			sprintf(mx, "Matrix %02d Mix %c Playback Volume", i+1,
+				o+'A');
+			err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl,
+					  scarlett_ctl_resume, 0x3c, 0x00,
+					  (i << 3) + (o & 0x07), USB_MIXER_S16,
+					  1, mx, NULL, &elem);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < info->input_len; i++) {
+		snprintf(mx, sizeof(mx), "Input Source %02d Capture Route",
+			 i+1);
+		err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_dynamic_enum,
+				  scarlett_ctl_enum_resume, 0x34,
+				  0x00, i, USB_MIXER_S16, 1, mx,
+				  &info->opt_master, &elem);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	/* val_len == 1 needed here */
+	err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_enum,
+			  scarlett_ctl_enum_resume, 0x28, 0x01, 0,
+			  USB_MIXER_U8, 1, "Sample Clock Source",
+			  &opt_clock, &elem);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* val_len == 1 and UAC2_CS_MEM */
+	err = add_new_ctl(mixer, &usb_scarlett_ctl_sync, NULL, 0x3c, 0x00, 2,
+			  USB_MIXER_U8, 1, "Sample Clock Sync Status",
+			  &opt_sync, &elem);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* initialize sampling rate to 48000 */
+	err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(mixer->chip->dev,
+		usb_sndctrlpipe(mixer->chip->dev, 0), UAC2_CS_CUR,
+		USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS |
+		USB_DIR_OUT, 0x0100, snd_usb_ctrl_intf(mixer->chip) |
+		(0x29 << 8), sample_rate_buffer, 4);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_scarlett.h b/sound/usb/mixer_scarlett.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..19c592ab0332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_scarlett.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef __USB_MIXER_SCARLETT_H
+#define __USB_MIXER_SCARLETT_H
+
+int snd_scarlett_controls_create(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer);
+
+#endif /* __USB_MIXER_SCARLETT_H */
diff --git a/sound/usb/pcm.c b/sound/usb/pcm.c
index c62a1659106d..0d8aba5fe1a8 100644
--- a/sound/usb/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/usb/pcm.c
@@ -482,6 +482,11 @@ static int set_format(struct snd_usb_substream *subs, struct audioformat *fmt)
 	/* set interface */
 	if (subs->interface != fmt->iface ||
 	    subs->altset_idx != fmt->altset_idx) {
+
+		err = snd_usb_select_mode_quirk(subs, fmt);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return -EIO;
+
 		err = usb_set_interface(dev, fmt->iface, fmt->altsetting);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&dev->dev,
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks-table.h b/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
index c657752a420c..73d2ba47cc31 100644
--- a/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
@@ -2667,57 +2667,6 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 		.type = QUIRK_MIDI_NOVATION
 	}
 },
-{
-	/*
-	 * Focusrite Scarlett 18i6
-	 *
-	 * Avoid mixer creation, which otherwise fails because some of
-	 * the interface descriptor subtypes for interface 0 are
-	 * unknown.  That should be fixed or worked-around but this at
-	 * least allows the device to be used successfully with a DAW
-	 * and an external mixer.  See comments below about other
-	 * ignored interfaces.
-	 */
-	USB_DEVICE(0x1235, 0x8004),
-	.driver_info = (unsigned long) & (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk) {
-		.vendor_name = "Focusrite",
-		.product_name = "Scarlett 18i6",
-		.ifnum = QUIRK_ANY_INTERFACE,
-		.type = QUIRK_COMPOSITE,
-		.data = & (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk[]) {
-			{
-				/* InterfaceSubClass 1 (Control Device) */
-				.ifnum = 0,
-				.type = QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE
-			},
-			{
-				.ifnum = 1,
-				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE
-			},
-			{
-				.ifnum = 2,
-				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE
-			},
-			{
-				/* InterfaceSubClass 1 (Control Device) */
-				.ifnum = 3,
-				.type = QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE
-			},
-			{
-				.ifnum = 4,
-				.type = QUIRK_MIDI_STANDARD_INTERFACE
-			},
-			{
-				/* InterfaceSubClass 1 (Device Firmware Update) */
-				.ifnum = 5,
-				.type = QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE
-			},
-			{
-				.ifnum = -1
-			}
-		}
-	}
-},
 
 /* Access Music devices */
 {
@@ -2944,7 +2893,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 		.data = (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk[]){
 			{
 				.ifnum = 0,
-				.type = QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE,
+				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_MIXER,
 			},
 			{
 				.ifnum = 1,
@@ -2955,16 +2904,40 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 					.iface = 1,
 					.altsetting = 1,
 					.altset_idx = 1,
-					.attributes = UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE,
+					.attributes = 0x4,
 					.endpoint = 0x02,
-					.ep_attr = 0x01,
-					.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 |
-						 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
-					.rate_min = 44100,
+					.ep_attr = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC |
+						USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_SYNC,
+					.maxpacksize = 0x130,
+					.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+					.rate_min = 48000,
 					.rate_max = 48000,
-					.nr_rates = 2,
+					.nr_rates = 1,
 					.rate_table = (unsigned int[]) {
-						44100, 48000
+						48000
+					}
+				}
+			},
+			{
+				.ifnum = 1,
+				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_FIXED_ENDPOINT,
+				.data = &(const struct audioformat) {
+					.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3BE,
+					.channels = 2,
+					.iface = 1,
+					.altsetting = 1,
+					.altset_idx = 1,
+					.attributes = 0x4,
+					.endpoint = 0x81,
+					.ep_attr = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC |
+						USB_ENDPOINT_SYNC_ASYNC,
+					.maxpacksize = 0x130,
+					.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+					.rate_min = 48000,
+					.rate_max = 48000,
+					.nr_rates = 1,
+					.rate_table = (unsigned int[]) {
+						48000
 					}
 				}
 			},
@@ -2972,7 +2945,6 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 				.ifnum = -1
 			}
 		}
-
 	}
 },
 
@@ -3203,6 +3175,46 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 
 {
 	/*
+	 * ZOOM R16/24 in audio interface mode.
+	 * Mixer descriptors are garbage, further quirks will be needed
+	 * to make any of it functional, thus disabled for now.
+	 * Playback stream appears to start and run fine but no sound
+	 * is produced, so also disabled for now.
+	 */
+	USB_DEVICE(0x1686, 0x00dd),
+	.driver_info = (unsigned long) & (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk) {
+		.ifnum = QUIRK_ANY_INTERFACE,
+		.type = QUIRK_COMPOSITE,
+		.data = (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk[]) {
+			{
+				/* Mixer */
+				.ifnum = 0,
+				.type = QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE,
+			},
+			{
+				/* Playback  */
+				.ifnum = 1,
+				.type = QUIRK_IGNORE_INTERFACE,
+			},
+			{
+				/* Capture */
+				.ifnum = 2,
+				.type = QUIRK_AUDIO_STANDARD_INTERFACE,
+			},
+			{
+				/* Midi */
+				.ifnum = 3,
+				.type = QUIRK_MIDI_STANDARD_INTERFACE
+			},
+			{
+				.ifnum = -1
+			},
+		}
+	}
+},
+
+{
+	/*
 	 * Some USB MIDI devices don't have an audio control interface,
 	 * so we have to grab MIDI streaming interfaces here.
 	 */
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks.c b/sound/usb/quirks.c
index 60dfe0d28771..4dbfb3d18ee2 100644
--- a/sound/usb/quirks.c
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks.c
@@ -43,12 +43,13 @@
 static int create_composite_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 				  struct usb_interface *iface,
 				  struct usb_driver *driver,
-				  const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk)
+				  const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk_comp)
 {
 	int probed_ifnum = get_iface_desc(iface->altsetting)->bInterfaceNumber;
+	const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk *quirk;
 	int err;
 
-	for (quirk = quirk->data; quirk->ifnum >= 0; ++quirk) {
+	for (quirk = quirk_comp->data; quirk->ifnum >= 0; ++quirk) {
 		iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(chip->dev, quirk->ifnum);
 		if (!iface)
 			continue;
@@ -58,9 +59,17 @@ static int create_composite_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 		err = snd_usb_create_quirk(chip, iface, driver, quirk);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
-		if (quirk->ifnum != probed_ifnum)
+	}
+
+	for (quirk = quirk_comp->data; quirk->ifnum >= 0; ++quirk) {
+		iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(chip->dev, quirk->ifnum);
+		if (!iface)
+			continue;
+		if (quirk->ifnum != probed_ifnum &&
+		    !usb_interface_claimed(iface))
 			usb_driver_claim_interface(driver, iface, (void *)-1L);
 	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1102,6 +1111,44 @@ void snd_usb_set_format_quirk(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
 	}
 }
 
+
+/* Marantz/Denon USB DACs need a vendor cmd to switch
+ * between PCM and native DSD mode
+ */
+int snd_usb_select_mode_quirk(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			      struct audioformat *fmt)
+{
+	struct usb_device *dev = subs->dev;
+	int err;
+
+	switch (subs->stream->chip->usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(0x154e, 0x3005): /* Marantz HD-DAC1 */
+	case USB_ID(0x154e, 0x3006): /* Marantz SA-14S1 */
+
+		/* First switch to alt set 0, otherwise the mode switch cmd
+		 * will not be accepted by the DAC
+		 */
+		err = usb_set_interface(dev, fmt->iface, 0);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		mdelay(20); /* Delay needed after setting the interface */
+
+		switch (fmt->altsetting) {
+		case 2: /* DSD mode requested */
+		case 1: /* PCM mode requested */
+			err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), 0,
+					      USB_DIR_OUT|USB_TYPE_VENDOR|USB_RECIP_INTERFACE,
+					      fmt->altsetting - 1, 1, NULL, 0);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+			break;
+		}
+		mdelay(20);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void snd_usb_endpoint_start_quirk(struct snd_usb_endpoint *ep)
 {
 	/*
@@ -1160,6 +1207,14 @@ void snd_usb_ctl_msg_quirk(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe,
 			break;
 		}
 	}
+
+	/* Zoom R16/24 needs a tiny delay here, otherwise requests like
+	 * get/set frequency return as failed despite actually succeeding.
+	 */
+	if ((le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor) == 0x1686) &&
+	    (le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct) == 0x00dd) &&
+	    (requesttype & USB_TYPE_MASK) == USB_TYPE_CLASS)
+		mdelay(1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1204,5 +1259,16 @@ u64 snd_usb_interface_dsd_format_quirks(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 		break;
 	}
 
+	/* Denon/Marantz devices with USB DAC functionality */
+	switch (chip->usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(0x154e, 0x3005): /* Marantz HD-DAC1 */
+	case USB_ID(0x154e, 0x3006): /* Marantz SA-14S1 */
+		if (fp->altsetting == 2)
+			return SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_DSD_U32_BE;
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks.h b/sound/usb/quirks.h
index 665e972a1b40..1b862386577d 100644
--- a/sound/usb/quirks.h
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks.h
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ void snd_usb_ctl_msg_quirk(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe,
 			   __u8 request, __u8 requesttype, __u16 value,
 			   __u16 index, void *data, __u16 size);
 
+int snd_usb_select_mode_quirk(struct snd_usb_substream *subs,
+			      struct audioformat *fmt);
+
 u64 snd_usb_interface_dsd_format_quirks(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 					struct audioformat *fp,
 					unsigned int sample_bytes);
diff --git a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2yaudio.c b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2yaudio.c
index a63330dd1407..61d5dc2a3421 100644
--- a/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2yaudio.c
+++ b/sound/usb/usx2y/usbusx2yaudio.c
@@ -272,13 +272,8 @@ static void usX2Y_clients_stop(struct usX2Ydev *usX2Y)
 	for (s = 0; s < 4; s++) {
 		struct snd_usX2Y_substream *subs = usX2Y->subs[s];
 		if (subs) {
-			if (atomic_read(&subs->state) >= state_PRERUNNING) {
-				unsigned long flags;
-
-				snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(subs->pcm_substream, flags);
-				snd_pcm_stop(subs->pcm_substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
-				snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(subs->pcm_substream, flags);
-			}
+			if (atomic_read(&subs->state) >= state_PRERUNNING)
+				snd_pcm_stop_xrun(subs->pcm_substream);
 			for (u = 0; u < NRURBS; u++) {
 				struct urb *urb = subs->urb[u];
 				if (NULL != urb)