ASoC: doc: ReSTize DPCM.txt

A simple conversion from a plain text file.
The file name was renamed to lower letters to align with others.

Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 380 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DPCM.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DPCM.txt
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-Dynamic PCM
-===========
-
-1. Description
-==============
-
-Dynamic PCM allows an ALSA PCM device to digitally route its PCM audio to
-various digital endpoints during the PCM stream runtime. e.g. PCM0 can route
-digital audio to I2S DAI0, I2S DAI1 or PDM DAI2. This is useful for on SoC DSP
-drivers that expose several ALSA PCMs and can route to multiple DAIs.
-
-The DPCM runtime routing is determined by the ALSA mixer settings in the same
-way as the analog signal is routed in an ASoC codec driver. DPCM uses a DAPM
-graph representing the DSP internal audio paths and uses the mixer settings to
-determine the patch used by each ALSA PCM.
-
-DPCM re-uses all the existing component codec, platform and DAI drivers without
-any modifications.
-
-
-Phone Audio System with SoC based DSP
--------------------------------------
-
-Consider the following phone audio subsystem. This will be used in this
-document for all examples :-
-
-| Front End PCMs    |  SoC DSP  | Back End DAIs | Audio devices |
-
-                    *************
-PCM0 <------------> *           * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset
-                    *           *
-PCM1 <------------> *           * <----DAI1-----> Codec Speakers
-                    *   DSP     *
-PCM2 <------------> *           * <----DAI2-----> MODEM
-                    *           *
-PCM3 <------------> *           * <----DAI3-----> BT
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI4-----> DMIC
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI5-----> FM
-                    *************
-
-This diagram shows a simple smart phone audio subsystem. It supports Bluetooth,
-FM digital radio, Speakers, Headset Jack, digital microphones and cellular
-modem. This sound card exposes 4 DSP front end (FE) ALSA PCM devices and
-supports 6 back end (BE) DAIs. Each FE PCM can digitally route audio data to any
-of the BE DAIs. The FE PCM devices can also route audio to more than 1 BE DAI.
-
-
-
-Example - DPCM Switching playback from DAI0 to DAI1
----------------------------------------------------
-
-Audio is being played to the Headset. After a while the user removes the headset
-and audio continues playing on the speakers.
-
-Playback on PCM0 to Headset would look like :-
-
-                    *************
-PCM0 <============> *           * <====DAI0=====> Codec Headset
-                    *           *
-PCM1 <------------> *           * <----DAI1-----> Codec Speakers
-                    *   DSP     *
-PCM2 <------------> *           * <----DAI2-----> MODEM
-                    *           *
-PCM3 <------------> *           * <----DAI3-----> BT
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI4-----> DMIC
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI5-----> FM
-                    *************
-
-The headset is removed from the jack by user so the speakers must now be used :-
-
-                    *************
-PCM0 <============> *           * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset
-                    *           *
-PCM1 <------------> *           * <====DAI1=====> Codec Speakers
-                    *   DSP     *
-PCM2 <------------> *           * <----DAI2-----> MODEM
-                    *           *
-PCM3 <------------> *           * <----DAI3-----> BT
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI4-----> DMIC
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI5-----> FM
-                    *************
-
-The audio driver processes this as follows :-
-
- 1) Machine driver receives Jack removal event.
-
- 2) Machine driver OR audio HAL disables the Headset path.
-
- 3) DPCM runs the PCM trigger(stop), hw_free(), shutdown() operations on DAI0
-    for headset since the path is now disabled.
-
- 4) Machine driver or audio HAL enables the speaker path.
-
- 5) DPCM runs the PCM ops for startup(), hw_params(), prepapre() and
-    trigger(start) for DAI1 Speakers since the path is enabled.
-
-In this example, the machine driver or userspace audio HAL can alter the routing
-and then DPCM will take care of managing the DAI PCM operations to either bring
-the link up or down. Audio playback does not stop during this transition.
-
-
-
-DPCM machine driver
-===================
-
-The DPCM enabled ASoC machine driver is similar to normal machine drivers
-except that we also have to :-
-
- 1) Define the FE and BE DAI links.
-
- 2) Define any FE/BE PCM operations.
-
- 3) Define widget graph connections.
-
-
-1 FE and BE DAI links
----------------------
-
-| Front End PCMs    |  SoC DSP  | Back End DAIs | Audio devices |
-
-                    *************
-PCM0 <------------> *           * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset
-                    *           *
-PCM1 <------------> *           * <----DAI1-----> Codec Speakers
-                    *   DSP     *
-PCM2 <------------> *           * <----DAI2-----> MODEM
-                    *           *
-PCM3 <------------> *           * <----DAI3-----> BT
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI4-----> DMIC
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI5-----> FM
-                    *************
-
-For the example above we have to define 4 FE DAI links and 6 BE DAI links. The
-FE DAI links are defined as follows :-
-
-static struct snd_soc_dai_link machine_dais[] = {
-	{
-		.name = "PCM0 System",
-		.stream_name = "System Playback",
-		.cpu_dai_name = "System Pin",
-		.platform_name = "dsp-audio",
-		.codec_name = "snd-soc-dummy",
-		.codec_dai_name = "snd-soc-dummy-dai",
-		.dynamic = 1,
-		.trigger = {SND_SOC_DPCM_TRIGGER_POST, SND_SOC_DPCM_TRIGGER_POST},
-		.dpcm_playback = 1,
-	},
-	.....< other FE and BE DAI links here >
-};
-
-This FE DAI link is pretty similar to a regular DAI link except that we also
-set the DAI link to a DPCM FE with the "dynamic = 1". The supported FE stream
-directions should also be set with the "dpcm_playback" and "dpcm_capture"
-flags. There is also an option to specify the ordering of the trigger call for
-each FE. This allows the ASoC core to trigger the DSP before or after the other
-components (as some DSPs have strong requirements for the ordering DAI/DSP
-start and stop sequences).
-
-The FE DAI above sets the codec and code DAIs to dummy devices since the BE is
-dynamic and will change depending on runtime config.
-
-The BE DAIs are configured as follows :-
-
-static struct snd_soc_dai_link machine_dais[] = {
-	.....< FE DAI links here >
-	{
-		.name = "Codec Headset",
-		.cpu_dai_name = "ssp-dai.0",
-		.platform_name = "snd-soc-dummy",
-		.no_pcm = 1,
-		.codec_name = "rt5640.0-001c",
-		.codec_dai_name = "rt5640-aif1",
-		.ignore_suspend = 1,
-		.ignore_pmdown_time = 1,
-		.be_hw_params_fixup = hswult_ssp0_fixup,
-		.ops = &haswell_ops,
-		.dpcm_playback = 1,
-		.dpcm_capture = 1,
-	},
-	.....< other BE DAI links here >
-};
-
-This BE DAI link connects DAI0 to the codec (in this case RT5460 AIF1). It sets
-the "no_pcm" flag to mark it has a BE and sets flags for supported stream
-directions using "dpcm_playback" and "dpcm_capture" above.
-
-The BE has also flags set for ignoring suspend and PM down time. This allows
-the BE to work in a hostless mode where the host CPU is not transferring data
-like a BT phone call :-
-
-                    *************
-PCM0 <------------> *           * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset
-                    *           *
-PCM1 <------------> *           * <----DAI1-----> Codec Speakers
-                    *   DSP     *
-PCM2 <------------> *           * <====DAI2=====> MODEM
-                    *           *
-PCM3 <------------> *           * <====DAI3=====> BT
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI4-----> DMIC
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI5-----> FM
-                    *************
-
-This allows the host CPU to sleep whilst the DSP, MODEM DAI and the BT DAI are
-still in operation.
-
-A BE DAI link can also set the codec to a dummy device if the code is a device
-that is managed externally.
-
-Likewise a BE DAI can also set a dummy cpu DAI if the CPU DAI is managed by the
-DSP firmware.
-
-
-2 FE/BE PCM operations
-----------------------
-
-The BE above also exports some PCM operations and a "fixup" callback. The fixup
-callback is used by the machine driver to (re)configure the DAI based upon the
-FE hw params. i.e. the DSP may perform SRC or ASRC from the FE to BE.
-
-e.g. DSP converts all FE hw params to run at fixed rate of 48k, 16bit, stereo for
-DAI0. This means all FE hw_params have to be fixed in the machine driver for
-DAI0 so that the DAI is running at desired configuration regardless of the FE
-configuration.
-
-static int dai0_fixup(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd,
-			struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
-{
-	struct snd_interval *rate = hw_param_interval(params,
-			SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
-	struct snd_interval *channels = hw_param_interval(params,
-						SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
-
-	/* The DSP will covert the FE rate to 48k, stereo */
-	rate->min = rate->max = 48000;
-	channels->min = channels->max = 2;
-
-	/* set DAI0 to 16 bit */
-	snd_mask_set(&params->masks[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT -
-				    SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK],
-				    SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-The other PCM operation are the same as for regular DAI links. Use as necessary.
-
-
-3 Widget graph connections
---------------------------
-
-The BE DAI links will normally be connected to the graph at initialisation time
-by the ASoC DAPM core. However, if the BE codec or BE DAI is a dummy then this
-has to be set explicitly in the driver :-
-
-/* BE for codec Headset -  DAI0 is dummy and managed by DSP FW */
-{"DAI0 CODEC IN", NULL, "AIF1 Capture"},
-{"AIF1 Playback", NULL, "DAI0 CODEC OUT"},
-
-
-Writing a DPCM DSP driver
-=========================
-
-The DPCM DSP driver looks much like a standard platform class ASoC driver
-combined with elements from a codec class driver. A DSP platform driver must
-implement :-
-
- 1) Front End PCM DAIs - i.e. struct snd_soc_dai_driver.
-
- 2) DAPM graph showing DSP audio routing from FE DAIs to BEs.
-
- 3) DAPM widgets from DSP graph.
-
- 4) Mixers for gains, routing, etc.
-
- 5) DMA configuration.
-
- 6) BE AIF widgets.
-
-Items 6 is important for routing the audio outside of the DSP. AIF need to be
-defined for each BE and each stream direction. e.g for BE DAI0 above we would
-have :-
-
-SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN("DAI0 RX", NULL, 0, SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0),
-SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT("DAI0 TX", NULL, 0, SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0),
-
-The BE AIF are used to connect the DSP graph to the graphs for the other
-component drivers (e.g. codec graph).
-
-
-Hostless PCM streams
-====================
-
-A hostless PCM stream is a stream that is not routed through the host CPU. An
-example of this would be a phone call from handset to modem.
-
-
-                    *************
-PCM0 <------------> *           * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset
-                    *           *
-PCM1 <------------> *           * <====DAI1=====> Codec Speakers/Mic
-                    *   DSP     *
-PCM2 <------------> *           * <====DAI2=====> MODEM
-                    *           *
-PCM3 <------------> *           * <----DAI3-----> BT
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI4-----> DMIC
-                    *           *
-                    *           * <----DAI5-----> FM
-                    *************
-
-In this case the PCM data is routed via the DSP. The host CPU in this use case
-is only used for control and can sleep during the runtime of the stream.
-
-The host can control the hostless link either by :-
-
- 1) Configuring the link as a CODEC <-> CODEC style link. In this case the link
-    is enabled or disabled by the state of the DAPM graph. This usually means
-    there is a mixer control that can be used to connect or disconnect the path
-    between both DAIs.
-
- 2) Hostless FE. This FE has a virtual connection to the BE DAI links on the DAPM
-    graph. Control is then carried out by the FE as regular PCM operations.
-    This method gives more control over the DAI links, but requires much more
-    userspace code to control the link. Its recommended to use CODEC<->CODEC
-    unless your HW needs more fine grained sequencing of the PCM ops.
-
-
-CODEC <-> CODEC link
---------------------
-
-This DAI link is enabled when DAPM detects a valid path within the DAPM graph.
-The machine driver sets some additional parameters to the DAI link i.e.
-
-static const struct snd_soc_pcm_stream dai_params = {
-	.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE,
-	.rate_min = 8000,
-	.rate_max = 8000,
-	.channels_min = 2,
-	.channels_max = 2,
-};
-
-static struct snd_soc_dai_link dais[] = {
-	< ... more DAI links above ... >
-	{
-		.name = "MODEM",
-		.stream_name = "MODEM",
-		.cpu_dai_name = "dai2",
-		.codec_dai_name = "modem-aif1",
-		.codec_name = "modem",
-		.dai_fmt = SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF
-				| SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM,
-		.params = &dai_params,
-	}
-	< ... more DAI links here ... >
-
-These parameters are used to configure the DAI hw_params() when DAPM detects a
-valid path and then calls the PCM operations to start the link. DAPM will also
-call the appropriate PCM operations to disable the DAI when the path is no
-longer valid.
-
-
-Hostless FE
------------
-
-The DAI link(s) are enabled by a FE that does not read or write any PCM data.
-This means creating a new FE that is connected with a virtual path to both
-DAI links. The DAI links will be started when the FE PCM is started and stopped
-when the FE PCM is stopped. Note that the FE PCM cannot read or write data in
-this configuration.
-
-